Evaluation of the Chemical Effects of the Drugs with Xerostomy. Effect on the Oral Cavity

Medications are the primary etiologic factor in the appearance of xerostomia, dysfunction subjectively perceived by the patient as the sensation of dry mouth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards oral health in a group of adults undergoing treatment with drugs that have a secondary effect of xerostomia. The study was conducted on a sample of 64 adults with a mean age of 46-65 years with at least one chronic condition treated with at least one of the following drugs: antihypertensive, anticholinergic, antihistamine, anti-asthmatic, anxiolytic, antiparkinson, chemotherapy, oral antidiabetics, antineoplastic, antirheumatic. The results of the study show that following the administration of any of the classes of drugs administered, the side effect of xerostomia was manifested in all patients.

Study on the Behavior of Dental Alloy CoCrWNbMoV in Artificial Saliva

Dental materials represent an important market worldwide. For solutions that are currently financially acceptable, CoCr or CoCrMo alloys have been an affordable option for all dental technicians. Constant improvements in the properties of this alloy such as corrosion resistance and hardness have been pursued. In this paper are presented some experimental results obtained from the electro-corrosion resistance analysis of the CoCrWNbMoV alloy in two electrolyte solutions made from artificial saplings Afnor and respectively Duffo Quezada. Following electro-corrosion resistance tests, the surface of the alloy was characterized by optical and electron microscopy (OM and SEM) and chemical dispersion X-ray (EDS) analysis.

The Efficiency and Degree of Penetrability of Frequent Washing Solutions Used in Endodontal Treatment

The new directions of contemporary endodontics to the evolution of treatment techniques are: CTCB, digital radiography, operating microscope, apex locators, titanium nickel rotation tools and rotating systems that allow them to be used, special endodontic irrigation means, use of ultrasonic means, laser applications. The success rate of nowadays endodontic treatments based on the principles accepted and adopted so far should be rather high. However, there are studies that indicate a fairly low percentage of fully successful endodontic treatments. The main causes for which these data are recorded are various, some are strictly the dentist�s technique and some are related to the patient�s field. Obviously, there is a contradiction between what can be achieved and the final result. The study includes a batch of 52 teeth pluriradicular as well as monoradiculars considered irrecoverable and extracted due to clinical situations requiring this method of treatment. Anatomy of dental canals is an important factor to be considered in the irrigation efficiency of the apical region; the degree of permeability of dentinal canals in this area is poor due to very small diameters, cumulative factors can lead for sure to a failure of endodontic treatment. In the coronal and media regions of the channels, the effectiveness of the lavage solutions used could be assessed. These very good results were in accordance with the studies performed and presented.

Chemical Processes in Endodontic Failure Due to Incidents and Accidents

The fundamental principle that must guide the activity of each dentist is the conservative, hence the task of preserving, as much as possible, the teeth in the arches, knowing what important injury brings extractions to the individual. An essential concern of endodontic therapy is the thorny problem of infected canals. At present, it is essential for any practitioner to recognize the relationship between microbial oral and pulpal and periapical tissue, the notions of endodontic microbiology being the key to understanding the basic methods of debriding, modeling and obstructing canals. Among the pathological conditions that overrun the clinical picture of pulp sickness, not only at the local and general level, the simple or complicated pulp gangrene has a well-established role. The endodontic treatment has three basic stages: diagnosis, preparation of the channel that follows the debridement, its modeling and sterilization, and the root filling. The rationale behind the treatment of this disease is that the devital pulp does not have defense mechanisms, the endocannicular microbial flora finding under these conditions a favorable environment of development. Regardless of the degree of expertize, the accumulated experience, the responsibility and the correctness of medical care, certainly no dental practitioner has been circumvented by failures in endodontic therapy. The relatively high percentage of failures has led to countless attempts to improve the tools and materials made available to the dentist. Currently, he faces a new problem, that of choosing the most correct method of endodontic treatment. Material and Method: The structure of the study material was 240 cases taken into account, from 2012-2017. Results and Discussion:Because endodontic therapy requires very precise working techniques, it implies rigorous records, both in terms of the sequence of treatment phases, but also in relation to some technical aspects - such as - data on root canals, the chronology of the radiological examinations, the instruments and the substances used - the neglect of the correct records resulting in unnecessary time losses and traumatisations of the periodontal-apical area.Conclusions: Starting from the assumption that the radiological examination is the only objective way of initial assessment of dental morphology, the certification of the existing pathology and the establishment of a diagnosis, the orientation of the treatment plan and the verification of the correctness of the therapeutic variant chosen through a monitoring of the results over time, we sought to clarify the actual role and the actual value of the radiological examination in endodontic therapy.

Laser Therapy Evaluation in Complications of Restorations by Total-Etch Technique

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of laser therapy in post-operative sensitivity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to the 57 patients after restoration with two different resins composite. In the first group (28 patients, 30 teeth) it was restored the cavity class I Black with micro-hybrid composite Filtek Z250 - Adper Single Bond (3M/ESPE). In the second group (29 patients, 30 teeth) it was restored the cavity class III Black with nano-hybrid composite Ceram X One Sphere Tec-Prime and Bond One (Etch&Rinse) (Dentsply). The restorative treatments were performed by the same practitioner on posterior and anterior teeth diagnosed with mid-sized chronic carious lesions. Total etch (etch and rinse) strategy of adhesion was used for both composite resins. The laser treatment was performed in 2 sessions at 48 hours and after 7 days, for both study groups using laser Whitening Lase II (DMC Dental). Mean scores for VAS indices decreased significantly at 48 hours and 7 days, following laser treatment for all the investigated parameters (materials, sex, age) (p [ 0.05).

Apicoectomy - Endodontical Surgical Procedure

The progress of fundamental medical sciences, of other medical and surgical specialties enabled a fast development pace of modern maxilla-facial surgery. Oro-maxilla-facial surgery bring together science and art in order to prevent, diagnose and cure disease, to reconstitute shapes and restore functions of the oro-maxilla-facial area often by surgery. Apical surgery is a standard surgical procedure including incision of the apex and resection of the apical and periapical diseased site, preceded or not by the correct endodontic treatment and the adequate root canal obturation. Periapical pathology is maintained in an endodontic treatment considered correct, being resolved by endodontic surgery with apicoectomy and avoiding extracting the causal tooth. In this way the area is kept as favorable as possible for future prosthetic works. It is achieved mostly in monoradicular teeth and this intervention is suitable for molars, yet the topography and the morphology of the molars make the surgery more difficult. Oral surgery and endodontics have accumulated a rich experience in maintaining the teeth on the arch for as long as possible. The study material for endodontic case selection, examination and resolving is gathered from the Clinic of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the Spiridon Teaching Hospital over a period of two years, from 2014 to 2016; the study group for endodontic therapy and surgery comprises 59 patients. To receive apicoectomy, the tooth and its periodontium should meet certain conditions after apicoectomy, the operated root needs to keep an osseous implantation length equal to two thirds or at least half its initial length. Complex oral rehabilitation of various clinical cases met in dental surgery is a challenge for the dental surgeon due to the various degrees of impairment of all system elements. The emerging malfunction is difficult to diagnose and to treat, asking for dental surgeon�s special experience and clinician skills.

Detection and Assessment of Interleukin 6 in Irreversible Pulp Inflamation

The study aimed to assess the number, localization and distribution of interleukin 6 (IL-6) positive cells in healthy pulp, acute and chronic pulpitis. The study group included 48 patients aged between 18-72, treated in University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi, Romania. The pulpectomy was performed on 42 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic pulpitis. The other 6 patients, without signs of dental caries or periodontal disease, were submitted to extractions of teeth for orthodontic purposes, with pulpectomy performed before extraction. The pulp samples were examined with optic microscope. The detection and assessment of IL-6 were performed using immunohistochemical technique. Data were statistically analysed using non-parametric tests. According to morphopathological criteria, 42.85% were classified as acute pulpitis and 57.14% as chronic pulpitis. The pulp samples in control group were not associated with IL-6 positive cells. The analysis of all samples with acute and chronic pulpitis identified 73.80% samples with IL-6 and 26.20% associated with the absence of IL-6. The highest frequency of IL-6 positive cells was recorded in rich-cell zone of crown dental pulp. The systemic distribution of IL-6 positive cells was mostly diffused without well-defined orientation. IL-6 release in acute and chronic pulpitis is significantly higher comparing with healthy pulp tissue.

Clinical-radiological study on the role of biostimulating materials in iatrogenic furcation lesions

Root perforation is an unwanted incident which may occur at any stage of endodontic treatment and can adversely affect tooth prognosis.

AIM

To compare the recovery rate after treatment of root perforations in the interradicular area of the molars, using two different materials: MTA and ceramic nanoparticles mineral cement DiaRoot BioAggregate, by a clinical-radiological and statistical analysis over a period of up to 24 months.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was conducted on 28 molars from patients of both sexes, mean age 33.29 +/- 6.2DS, with iatrogenic perforation of pulp chamber floor. The teeth were divided into 2 groups according to the applied material: group 1--gray MTA (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental), and group 2--BioAggregate (Diadent Group International, Vancouver). Patients included in the study were monitored and assessed by radiological examinations at 6, 12 and 18 months.

RESULTS

Pulp chamber floor perforations are significantly associated with tooth location (chi2 = 35.60, r = 0.67, p = 0.00359, 95% CI). Both when the perforation was repaired with MTA and BioAggregate, the clinical improvement was significant (chi2 = 17.608, r = 0.58, p = 0.0035, 95% CI).

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this study, both MTA and BioAggregate are excellent materials for root perforation repair.

Efficacy of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibition by etoricoxib and naproxen on the axial manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis in the presence of peripheral arthritis

OBJECTIVE

The combined efficacy of selective and non-selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition on the axial manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the presence or absence of chronic peripheral arthritis was evaluated.

METHODS

In a post hoc subgroup analysis of a 6 week, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 387 patients with active axial AS were randomised to receive etoricoxib 90 mg or 120 mg once a day, naproxen 500 mg twice daily, or placebo. Randomisation was stratified by the presence or absence of chronic peripheral arthritis. The primary outcome measure was the time weighted average change from baseline of spine pain intensity. Efficacy data from the three groups receiving active treatment (the NSAID/COX-2 inhibitor group) were combined to improve precision. An analysis of covariance model was used to evaluate the effect of peripheral disease on treatment response.

RESULTS

93 patients were allocated to receive placebo and 294 to active treatment (naproxen or etoricoxib). The combined NSAID/COX-2 inhibitor group had a significant treatment response compared with the placebo group for all efficacy measures, both in patients with and without peripheral arthritis. A significantly greater difference in mean patient assessment of spine pain was found between active and placebo treatments in patients without compared with those with peripheral arthritis (p = 0.005; -32.5 mm v -17.0 mm, respectively). Similar differences, although not statistically significant, were seen for other end points.

CONCLUSION

NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors have a clinically relevant symptomatic effect on axial AS irrespective of the presence of peripheral arthritis. In this exploratory analysis spinal improvement appeared to be greater in patients without peripheral disease.

A regulatory element in the ApoCIII promoter that directs hepatic specific transcription binds to proteins in expressing and nonexpressing cell types

To better understand the mechanisms that determine cell type-specific gene expression, we have examined the transcriptional activity of a 13-nucleotide long sequence element, designated C3P, located in the promoter of the apoCIII gene. We demonstrate that this element is required for high levels of apoCIII gene expression in hepatic cells and is sufficient to determine hepatic specific expression when introduced into a heterologous promoter. A protein was identified in hepatic cell nuclear extracts, designated AF-1, that binds to this sequence and is presumably responsible for its transcriptional activity in hepatic cells. Even though the C3P element is not active in HeLa cells, a protein with C3P binding specificity was identified in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. While the HeLa protein is similar to the hepatic AF-1 in its binding specificity and relative abundance, it has approximately twice the molecular weight of the hepatic protein, indicating that they are different proteins or different forms of the same protein. A variety of murine tissue types, including those that do not express the apoCIII gene, were found to contain C3P binding proteins. We conclude that the cell type-specific activity of the C3P element is not due to the absence of C3P binding proteins in nonexpressing cells but is the result of qualitative differences in C3P binding proteins in different cell types.

Incision by UvrABC excinuclease is a step in the path to mutagenesis by psoralen crosslinks in Escherichia coli

4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralen (psoralen) plus near UV light produces interstrand crosslinks and monoadducts in DNA, both of which are mutagenic. In Escherichia coli, crosslinks are incised by UvrABC excinuclease, an event that can lead to homologous recombination and repair. To determine whether UvrABC incision of crosslinks is a step in the path to mutagenesis as well as repair, the effect of DNA homologous to a target gene on a plasmid was determined. pSV2-gpt DNA was treated with psoralen and transformed into a pair of hosts: one was gpt+, the other was delta (gpt-lac)5. The DNA was extracted and transformed into a tester strain [delta (gpt-lac)5] in which Gpt- mutations in the plasmid were scored. The results show that psoralen-induced mutations were reduced to background levels by the presence of the gpt+ homolog in the host chromosome. delta gpt hosts that were constitutively induced for the SOS response yielded point mutations, whereas noninduced hosts yielded almost exclusively large deletions. Since crosslinks were estimated to be responsible for most of the mutations observed, we conclude that the premutagenic lesion of psoralen crosslinks is recombinagenic and therefore very likely to be the product of UvrABC incision.