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Leekha S, Robinson GL, Jacob JT, Fridkin S, Shane A, Sick-Samuels A, Milstone AM, Nair R, Perencevich E, Puig-Asensio M, Kobayashi T, Mayer J, Lewis J, Bleasdale S, Wenzler E, Mena Lora AJ, Baghdadi J, Schrank GM, Wilber E, Aldredge AA, Sharp J, Dyer KE, Kendrick L, Ambalam V, Borgetti S, Carmack A, Gushiken A, Patel A, Reddy S, Brown CH, Dantes RB, Harris AD. Evaluation of hospital-onset bacteraemia and fungaemia in the USA as a potential healthcare quality measure: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Qual Saf 2024:bmjqs-2023-016831. [PMID: 38782579 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2023-016831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-onset bacteraemia and fungaemia (HOB) is being explored as a surveillance and quality metric. The objectives of the current study were to determine sources and preventability of HOB in hospitalised patients in the USA and to identify factors associated with perceived preventability. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of HOB events at 10 academic and three community hospitals using structured chart review. HOB was defined as a blood culture on or after hospital day 4 with growth of one or more bacterial or fungal organisms. HOB events were stratified by commensal and non-commensal organisms. Medical resident physicians, infectious disease fellows or infection preventionists reviewed charts to determine HOB source, and infectious disease physicians with training in infection prevention/hospital epidemiology rated preventability from 1 to 6 (1=definitely preventable to 6=definitely not preventable) using a structured guide. Ratings of 1-3 were collectively considered 'potentially preventable' and 4-6 'potentially not preventable'. RESULTS Among 1789 HOB events with non-commensal organisms, gastrointestinal (including neutropenic translocation) (35%) and endovascular (32%) were the most common sources. Overall, 636/1789 (36%) non-commensal and 238/320 (74%) commensal HOB events were rated potentially preventable. In logistic regression analysis among non-commensal HOB events, events attributed to intravascular catheter-related infection, indwelling urinary catheter-related infection and surgical site infection had higher odds of being rated preventable while events with neutropenia, immunosuppression, gastrointestinal sources, polymicrobial cultures and previous positive blood culture in the same admission had lower odds of being rated preventable, compared with events without those attributes. Of 636 potentially preventable non-commensal HOB events, 47% were endovascular in origin, followed by gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary sources; approximately 40% of those events would not be captured through existing healthcare-associated infection surveillance. DISCUSSION Factors identified as associated with higher or lower preventability should be used to guide inclusion, exclusion and risk adjustment for an HOB-related quality metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Leekha
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwen L Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse T Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Fridkin
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andi Shane
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Sick-Samuels
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eli Perencevich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mireia Puig-Asensio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeanmarie Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Julia Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Susan Bleasdale
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric Wenzler
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfredo J Mena Lora
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Baghdadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory M Schrank
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eli Wilber
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amalia A Aldredge
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Sharp
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly E Dyer
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lea Kendrick
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Viraj Ambalam
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Borgetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Carmack
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Gushiken
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashka Patel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujan Reddy
- Divison of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Nationation Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clayton H Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymund B Dantes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Divison of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Nationation Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kandaswamy S, Masterson E, Blanco R, Shah P, Lantis P, Iyer S, Shane A, Jernigan S, Orenstein E. Barriers to Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake in a Pediatric Inpatient Healthcare Setting After Implementation of Clinical Decision Support. Stud Health Technol Inform 2022; 290:452-456. [PMID: 35673055 DOI: 10.3233/shti220116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Every heatlhcare encounter is an opportunity to provide both acute care and health maintenance to children. A Clinical Decision Support (CDS) intervention was instituted in a tertiary pediatric health system to improve influenza vaccination rates during the 2019-2020 season among eligible children receiving care in an acute care inpatient healthcare setting. This study explores reasons for low vaccine uptake following implementation of a CDS aimed at improving vaccine administration as well as identifying possible solutions to improve flu vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reena Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pareen Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia Lantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Srikant Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andi Shane
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie Jernigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Evan Orenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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McAteer J, Jernigan S, Mao C, Gonzalez MD, Watson RJ, Liverman R, Tobin-D Angelo M, Dishman M H, Shane A, Yildirim I. Cryptosporidiosis among solid organ transplant recipient attendees at a summer camp. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13649. [PMID: 31885132 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a cluster of pediatric cryptosporidiosis infections among solid organ transplant recipients at a summer camp in Georgia, USA. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for infection. A total of 118 campers attended the camp during July 23-28, 2017. The overall attack rate among campers during the outbreak was 11% (13/118). Sanger-based amplicon sequencing of stool specimens from 7 (80%) campers identified Cryptosporidium hominis as the suspected etiologic agent. All infected campers were heart or kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The median reported symptom duration was 12 days (range 6-18 days) and 9 (69.2%) were hospitalized for at least one night (median length of stay 5 days, range 2-16 days). There were no deaths or acute rejection events attributed to infection. The results of the epidemiologic and environmental investigation suggest a recreational pool as the presumed source, although there was no direct evidence to support this. Many long-term interventions were implemented, and there have been no further outbreaks at the camp in the following two years. This outbreak demonstrates that cryptosporidiosis may be associated with notable burden in pediatric transplant recipients, and illustrates the challenges associated with source identification and containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAteer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephanie Jernigan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chad Mao
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Sibley sHeart Center Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark D Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renee J Watson
- Quality and Patient Safety, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rochelle Liverman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Tobin-D Angelo
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hope Dishman M
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andi Shane
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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4
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Vrbova L, Sciberras J, demarsh A, ahmad R, Todoric D, fazil A, Shane A, Gadient S, Ng V, Buck P, Thomas-Reilly G. Risk Assessment across the Event Continuum: a Canadian Approach for Emerging and Endemic Zoonotic Diseases. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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5
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Shane A. Notes from the Field: The impact of super typhoon Yolanda on the routine immunization program in the Philippines. Can Commun Dis Rep 2014; 40:335-336. [PMID: 29769861 PMCID: PMC5864440 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v40i16a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Shane
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ottawa, ON
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6
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this report is to describe measles activity in Canada during 2013, in order to support the documentation and maintenance of measles elimination status. METHODS A descriptive analysis of measles counts and incidence by age group, immunization history, hospitalization and province/territory, as well as a summary of 2013 outbreaks, was conducted using enhanced measles data captured through the Canadian Measles and Rubella Surveillance System. Genotype information and phylogenetic analysis for 2013 were summarized. RESULTS In 2013, 83 confirmed measles cases were reported in seven provinces/territories for an incidence rate of 2.4 per 1,000,000 population. Incidence was highest in the youngest age groups (< 1 year, 1 to 4 years). Burden of disease was highest in the youngest age groups and children 10 to 14 years. Three-quarters of cases had been inadequately immunized, and 10% were hospitalized. There were nine measles outbreaks reported in 2013, one of which consisted of 42 cases in a non-immunizing community in Alberta. DISCUSSION 2013 saw the fifth highest number of reported measles cases since 1998. While we continue to face challenges related to importation and heterogeneous immunization coverage, in 2013 Canada met or partially met all four criteria outlined by the Pan American Health Organization for measles elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shane
- Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - J Hiebert
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
| | - L Sherrard
- Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - H Deehan
- Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
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7
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Munir N, Liu P, Gastañaduy P, Montes J, Shane A, Moe C. Norovirus infection in immunocompromised children and children with hospital-acquired acute gastroenteritis. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1203-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naeemah Munir
- Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Paul Gastañaduy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Julia Montes
- Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Andi Shane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Christine Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
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8
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Dunfield L, Gorber S, Shane A. P056 The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care: Interpretation tool to compare previous grading of recommendations to GRADE. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Shane A, Tonelli M, Birtwhistle R, Pottie K, Bell N, Singh H, Gorber S, L D. P098 The Canadian Task Force On Preventive Health Care: Process For Critical Appraisal Of Externally-Produced Guidelines. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Monachese M, Cunningham-Rundles S, Diaz MA, Guerrant R, Hummelen R, Kemperman R, Kerac M, Kort R, Merenstein D, Panigrahi P, Ramakrishna B, Safdar N, Shane A, Trois L, Reid G. Probiotics and prebiotics to combat enteric infections and HIV in the developing world: a consensus report. Gut Microbes 2011; 2:198-207. [PMID: 21804356 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.2.3.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease in the developing world continues to represent one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Every year over a million children suffer and die from the sequela of enteric infections, while in 2008 it is estimated almost 2.7 million (UNAIDS 2009 update) adults and children became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea, and antiretrovirals (ARV) for HIV are critical, there is a place for adjunctive therapies to improve quality of life. The importance of the human microbiota in retaining health is now recognized, as is the concept of replenishing beneficial microbes through probiotic treatments. Studies have shown that probiotics can reduce the duration of diarrhea, improve gut barrier function, help prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV), and enhance immunity even in HIV-infected subjects. However, many issues remain before the extent of probiotic benefits can be verified, and their application to the developing world realised. This consensus report outlines the potential probiotic, and to a lesser extent prebiotic, applications in resource disadvantages settings, and recommends steps that could bring tangible relief to millions of people. The challenges to both efficacy and effectiveness studies in these settings include a lack of infrastructure and funding for scientists, students and research projects in developing countries; making available clinically proven probiotic and prebiotic products at affordable prices; and undertaking appropriately designed clinical trials. We present a roadmap on how efficacy studies may be conducted in a resource disadvantages setting among persons with chronic diarrhea and HIV. These examples and the translation of efficacy into effectiveness are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Monachese
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Human Microbiology and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, Canada
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11
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Dewan PK, Fry AM, Laserson K, Tierney BC, Quinn CP, Hayslett JA, Broyles LN, Shane A, Winthrop KL, Walks I, Siegel L, Hales T, Semenova VA, Romero-Steiner S, Elie C, Khabbaz R, Khan AS, Hajjeh RA, Schuchat A. Inhalational anthrax outbreak among postal workers, Washington, D.C., 2001. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1066-72. [PMID: 12396917 PMCID: PMC2730301 DOI: 10.3201/eid0810.020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 2001, four cases of inhalational anthrax occurred in workers in a Washington, D.C., mail facility that processed envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores. We reviewed the envelopes' paths and obtained exposure histories and nasal swab cultures from postal workers. Environmental sampling was performed. A sample of employees was assessed for antibody concentrations to B. anthracis protective antigen. Case-patients worked on nonoverlapping shifts throughout the facility, suggesting multiple aerosolization events. Environmental sampling showed diffuse contamination of the facility. Potential workplace exposures were similar for the case-patients and the sample of workers. All nasal swab cultures and serum antibody tests were negative. Available tools could not identify subgroups of employees at higher risk for exposure or disease. Prophylaxis was necessary for all employees. To protect postal workers against bioterrorism, measures to reduce the risk of occupational exposure are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet K. Dewan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alicia M. Fry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kayla Laserson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bruce C. Tierney
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Conrad P. Quinn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Laura N. Broyles
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andi Shane
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ivan Walks
- Washington, D.C. Department of Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Larry Siegel
- Washington, D.C. Department of Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Thomas Hales
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vera A. Semenova
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Elie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rima Khabbaz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ali S. Khan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rana A. Hajjeh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Schuchat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - members of the Washington
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Washington, D.C. Department of Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - D.C.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Washington, D.C. Department of Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Anthrax Response Team1
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Washington, D.C. Department of Health, Washington, D.C., USA
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12
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Joyce JN, Shane A, Lexow N, Winokur A, Casanova MF, Kleinman JE. Serotonin uptake sites and serotonin receptors are altered in the limbic system of schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology 1993; 8:315-36. [PMID: 8512620 DOI: 10.1038/npp.1993.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) uptake sites were mapped by autoradiographic means with [3H]cyano-imipramine ([3H]CN-IMI), the 5-HT1A receptor with [3H]8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propyl-amino]tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT), and the 5-HT2 receptor with both [3H]ketanserin and [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide ([125I]LSD) in eight nonneurologic controls and 10 cases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In the striatum, there was a marked heterogeneous patterning of 5-HT uptake sites that corresponded to the striosomal/matrix compartmentalization of the striatum. This organization was not matched with an equally heterogeneous pattern of either 5-HT2 or 5-HT1A receptors. For the isocortex, a general organizational scheme was observed with the 5-HT1A receptor expression high in the external laminae and deep laminae, but 5-HT2 receptor expression was higher in the internal laminae. There was a laminar distribution of 5-HT uptake sites that approximated the combined distributions of the 5-HT1A receptor and the 5-HT2 receptor. In the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, the distribution of 5-HT uptake sites was complementary to the distribution of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors. In schizophrenic cases, there was a large increase in the number and altered striosomal/matrix organization of 5-HT uptake sites in the striatum. There was also an increase in the numbers of 5-HT2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens and ventral putamen of the schizophrenics. The number of 5-HT1A receptors was not modified. There was a marked reduction in 5-HT uptake sites in the external and middle laminae of the anterior cingulate, frontal cortex, and posterior cingulate, and no changes were observed in the motor cortex, temporal cortex, or hippocampus. Increased numbers of 5-HT1A receptors were found in the posterior cingulate, motor cortex, and hippocampus. Serotonin2 receptors were substantially elevated in the posterior cingulate, temporal cortex, and hippocampus, but not in the frontal, anterior cingulate, or motor cortices. Examination of the temporal lobe and hippocampus of a group of nonschizophrenic suicides (n = 8) indicated the alterations in 5-HT system in the limbic regions of the striatum, the limbic cortex, and hippocampus of the schizophrenic cases may be disease specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6141
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13
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Shane A. Recombinant human erythropoietin--its potential in the perisurgical setting. Oncology (Williston Park) 1991; 5:56, 58, 60. [PMID: 1831640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Shane A. Prostate Cancer Comes Out of the Closed. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/83.8.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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