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Hawthorne AB, Glatter J, Blackwell J, Ainley R, Arnott I, Barrett KJ, Bell G, Brookes MJ, Fletcher M, Muhammed R, Nevill AM, Segal J, Selinger CP, St. Clair Jones A, Younge L, Lamb CA, Arnott I, Barrett K, Bell G, Bhatnagar G, Blackwell J, Bloom S, Bramwell C, Brookes MJ, Burman A, Cairnes V, Crook KP, Dobson E, Epstein J, Faiz O, Feakins RM, Fletcher M, Garrick V, Keetarut K, Hawthorne AB, Lamb CA, Lee M, Meade U, Muhammed R, Murdock A, Pitney‐Hall N, Rochford A, Rowse G, Sagar P, Segal J, Selinger CP, Sleet S, St. Clair Jones A, Taylor SA, Wakeman R, Weaver S, Younge L. Inflammatory bowel disease patient-reported quality assessment should drive service improvement: a national survey of UK IBD units and patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:625-645. [PMID: 35770866 PMCID: PMC9541797 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare service provision in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often designed to meet targets set by healthcare providers rather than those of patients. It is unclear whether this meets the needs of patients, as assessed by patients themselves. AIMS To assess patients' experience of IBD and the healthcare they received, aiming to identify factors in IBD healthcare provision associated with perceived high-quality care. METHODS Using the 2019 IBD standards as a framework, a national benchmarking tool for quality assessment in IBD was developed by IBD UK, comprising a patient survey and service self-assessment. RESULTS 134 IBD services and 9757 patients responded. Perceived quality of care was lowest in young adults and increased with age, was higher in males and those >2 years since diagnosis. No hospital services met all the national IBD standards for recommended workforce numbers. Key metrics associated with patient-reported high- quality care were: identification as a tertiary centre, patient information availability, shared decision- making, rapid response to contact for advice, access to urgent review, joint medical/surgical clinics, and access to research (all p < 0.001). Higher numbers of IBD nurse specialists in a service was strongly associated with patients receiving regular reviews and having confidence in self-management and reporting high- quality care. CONCLUSIONS This extensive patient and healthcare provider survey emphasises the importance of aspects of care less often measured by clinicians, such as communication, shared decision- making and provision of information. It demonstrates that IBD nurse specialists are crucial to meeting the needs of people living with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Barney Hawthorne
- Department of GastroenterologyCardiff & Vale University Health BoardCardiffUK,Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | | | - Ian Arnott
- Edinburgh IBD UnitWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Brookes
- Department of GastroenterologyRoyal Wolverhampton NHS TrustWolverhamptonUK,Research Institute in Healthcare ScienceUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhamptonUK
| | | | - Rafeeq Muhammed
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyBirmingham Children's HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - Alan M. Nevill
- Faculty of Health Education and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhamptonUK
| | - Jonathan Segal
- Department of GastroenterologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Christian P. Selinger
- Department of GastroenterologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK,University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Anja St. Clair Jones
- Department of PharmacyBrighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS TrustBrightonUK
| | - Lisa Younge
- Department of GastroenterologySt Marks HospitalHarrowUK
| | | | - Christopher A. Lamb
- Translational & Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK,Department of GastroenterologyNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Kapasi R, Glatter J, Lamb CA, Acheson AG, Andrews C, Arnott ID, Barrett KJ, Bell G, Bhatnagar G, Bloom S, Brookes MJ, Brown SR, Burch N, Burman A, Crook K, Cummings JRF, Davies J, Demick A, Epstein J, Faiz O, Feakins R, Fletcher M, Garrick V, Jaffray B, Johnson M, Keetarut K, Limdi J, Meade U, Muhammed R, Murdock A, Posford N, Rowse G, Shaw I, St Clair Jones A, Taylor S, Weaver S, Younge L, Hawthorne AB. Consensus standards of healthcare for adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease in the UK. Frontline Gastroenterol 2019; 11:178-187. [PMID: 32419908 PMCID: PMC7223296 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms and clinical course during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vary among individuals. Personalised care is therefore essential to effective management, delivered by a strong patient-centred multidisciplinary team, working within a well-designed service. This study aimed to fully rewrite the UK Standards for the healthcare of adults and children with IBD, and to develop an IBD Service Benchmarking Tool to support current and future personalised care models. DESIGN Led by IBD UK, a national multidisciplinary alliance of patients and nominated representatives from all major stakeholders in IBD care, Standards requirements were defined by survey data collated from 689 patients and 151 healthcare professionals. Standards were drafted and refined over three rounds of modified electronic-Delphi. RESULTS Consensus was achieved for 59 Standards covering seven clinical domains; (1) design and delivery of the multidisciplinary IBD service; (2) prediagnostic referral pathways, protocols and timeframes; (3) holistic care of the newly diagnosed patient; (4) flare management to support patient empowerment, self-management and access to specialists where required; (5) surgery including appropriate expertise, preoperative information, psychological support and postoperative care; (6) inpatient medical care delivery (7) and ongoing long-term care in the outpatient department and primary care setting including shared care. Using these patient-centred Standards and informed by the IBD Quality Improvement Project (IBDQIP), this paper presents a national benchmarking framework. CONCLUSIONS The Standards and Benchmarking Tool provide a framework for healthcare providers and patients to rate the quality of their service. This will recognise excellent care, and promote quality improvement, audit and service development in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher A Lamb
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart Bloom
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew James Brookes
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK,University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Steven R Brown
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola Burch
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Andy Burman
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Justin Davies
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Anne Demick
- Ileostomy & Internal Pouch Association, Essex, UK
| | - Jenny Epstein
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Omar Faiz
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roger Feakins
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK,Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Bruce Jaffray
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Katie Keetarut
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jimmy Limdi
- The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Uchu Meade
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK,University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Rafeeq Muhammed
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ian Shaw
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - Stuart Taylor
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sean Weaver
- Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
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Seheult JN, Triulzi DJ, Alarcon LH, Sperry JL, Murdock A, Yazer MH. Measurement of haemolysis markers following transfusion of uncrossmatched, low-titre, group O+ whole blood in civilian trauma patients: initial experience at a level 1 trauma centre. Transfus Med 2016; 27:30-35. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Seheult
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - D. J. Triulzi
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - L. H. Alarcon
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - J. L. Sperry
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. Murdock
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - M. H. Yazer
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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Luciano J, Zolin S, Forsythe R, Murdock A, Marshall G, Alarcon L, Billiar T, Peitzman A, Sperry J. Initial Non-Contrast Abdominal CT Imaging Post-Injury: Who should have Contrast Omitted and at What Expense. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The antifibrinolytic, 6-aminohexanoic acid, also named aminocaproic acid (ACA), has been used empirically as a treatment for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) on the unsubstantiated basis that transient coagulation dysfunction may contribute to its development. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of ACA on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) erythrocyte counts in horses performing treadmill exercise at an intensity greater than that needed to reach maximal oxygen consumption. METHODS Eight Thoroughbreds were exercised to fatigue 3 times on a 10% inclined treadmill at a speed for which the calculated oxygen requirement was 1.15 times VO2max. Horses were treated with a saline placebo, 2 and 7 g ACA i.v. 4 h before exercise, with a crossover design being used to determine the order of the injections. Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage severity was quantified via the erythrocyte count in BALF. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 4 h before and 30-60 min post exercise. Results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m. and analysed by one way repeated measures ANOVA (P < 0.05). RESULTS Aminocaproic acid administration had no effect on any measured variables (VO2max = 48 ± 3.0 [C]; 148 ± 3.0 [2 g ACA]; 145 ± 3.0 [7 g ACA] ml/kg bwt/min, respectively; run time = 77 ± 3 [C]; 75 ± 2 [2 g ACA]; 79 ± 3 [7 g ACA] seconds, respectively). All horses developed EIPH: 1691 ± 690 vs. 9637 ± 3923 (C); 2149 ± 935 vs. 3378 ± 893 (2 g ACA); 1058 ± 340 vs. 4533 ± 791 (7 g ACA) erythrocytes/µl pre- vs. post exercise recovered in BALF, respectively. CONCLUSION Aminocaproic acid was not effective in preventing or reducing the severity of EIPH or improving performance under the exercise conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Buchholz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
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Murdock A, Gutierrez E, Perry E, Robinson W. Patient perception of the chemotherapy experience. Gynecol Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ali A, Murdock A, Pascoe A, Murrell K, Kruger P. Can hypermanganesaemia occur without cholastasis in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN). Nutrition 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murdock A, Assip D, Hue-Roye K, Lomas-Francis C, Hu Z, Vege S, Westhoff CM, Reid ME. RHD deletion in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. Immunohematology 2008; 24:160-164. [PMID: 19856719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous expression of the Rh antigen, D, has occasionally been observed in patients with certain myeloproliferative disorders. Indeed, this phenomenon led to the tentative assignment of RH to the short arm of chromosome 1. PCR-based analyses were performed on DNA from an 82-year-old D+ Caucasian patient with chronic myeloid leukemia after her RBCs became D-. For nearly 7 years, the patient's RBCs typed as strongly D+, but in March 2006, they typed weakly D+ and in August 2006 typed D- by both direct hemagglutination and the IAT. The D- typing persisted until the patient's death in September 2006. To study the underlying cause of the change in D type, PCR-based assays were performed on DNA extracted from peripheral WBCs from the patient's sample collected in August 2006. No amplification was obtained using primers designed to amplify RHD exons 5, 8, or 10, and intron 4. Very weak amplification was obtained using primers designed to amplify RHD exons 3, 4, or 7. Two assays that detect the hybrid Rhesus box showed deletion of RHD. Amplification of RHCE in the patient's DNA was as efficient as that of control samples, and multiplex and PCR-RFLP assays predicted her RBCs would be C-E-c+e+. Based on finding a hybrid Rhesus box and absence of D-specific exons, we conclude that DNA from the patient's WBCs carries a deleted RHD. This explains the molecular mechanism underlying the change from D+ to D-.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murdock
- Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murdock
- Division of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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10
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11
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Abstract
Unkept outpatient appointments are a drain on resources. In a prospective study we asked non-attenders at a gastroenterology clinic why they had missed their appointment. 103 patients missed their appointment (14% of the total invited); 3 had died. The remaining 100 were asked to complete questionnaires, 68 by mail (43 returned) and 32 by telephone (30 successful); the response rate was thus 73%. 49 of the respondents were new patients, 6 of them with urgent referrals. The explanations for non-attendance by the 73 patients were: forgot to attend or to cancel (30%); no reason (26%); clerical errors (10%); felt better (8%), fearful of being seen by junior doctor (3%); inpatient in another hospital (3%); miscellaneous other (20%). 13 (27%) of the review patients had not kept one or more previous appointments. The non-attendance rates for different clinics ranged from 10% to 25% (average 14%). A substantial number of non-attenders claimed to have forgotten their appointment or to cancel it. If, as we surmise, this reflects apathy, no strategy to improve attendance is likely to have great impact. Since the non-attendance rate is reasonably constant, it can be taken into account when patients are booked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murdock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast BT16 1RH, Northern Ireland, UK
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12
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Abstract
Unkept outpatient appointments are a drain on resources. In a prospective study we asked non-attenders at a gastroenterology clinic why they had missed their appointment. 103 patients missed their appointment (14% of the total invited); 3 had died. The remaining 100 were asked to complete questionnaires, 68 by mail (43 returned) and 32 by telephone (30 successful); the response rate was thus 73%. 49 of the respondents were new patients, 6 of them with urgent referrals. The explanations for non-attendance by the 73 patients were: forgot to attend or to cancel (30%); no reason (26%); clerical errors (10%); felt better (8%), fearful of being seen by junior doctor (3%); inpatient in another hospital (3%); miscellaneous other (20%). 13 (27%) of the review patients had not kept one or more previous appointments. The non-attendance rates for different clinics ranged from 10% to 25% (average 14%). A substantial number of non-attenders claimed to have forgotten their appointment or to cancel it. If, as we surmise, this reflects apathy, no strategy to improve attendance is likely to have great impact. Since the non-attendance rate is reasonably constant, it can be taken into account when patients are booked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murdock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast BT16 1RH, Northern Ireland, UK
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Kibbe MR, Murdock A, Wickham T, Lizonova A, Kovesdi I, Nie S, Shears L, Billiar TR, Tzeng E. Optimizing cardiovascular gene therapy: increased vascular gene transfer with modified adenoviral vectors. Arch Surg 2000; 135:191-7. [PMID: 10668880 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.135.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus is widely used as a vector for gene transfer to the vasculature. However, the efficiency of these vectors can be limited by ineffective viral-target cell interactions. Viral attachment, which largely determines adenoviral tropism, is mediated through binding of the adenoviral fiber coat protein to the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, while internalization follows binding of the adenoviral RGD motif to alpha(v)-integrin receptors. Modifications of the fiber coat protein sequence have been successful for targeting the adenovirus to more prevalent receptors in the vasculature, including heparan sulfate-containing receptors and alpha(v)-integrin receptors. HYPOTHESIS Modified adenoviral vectors targeted to receptors more prevalent in the vasculature result in an increased transfer efficiency of the virus in vitro and in vivo even in the presence of clinically relevant doses of heparin. DESIGN We tested 2 modified E1- and E3-deleted Ad5 type adenoviral vectors containing the beta-galactosidase gene. AdZ.F(pK7) contains multiple positively charged lysines in the fiber coat protein that target the adenovirus to heparan sulfate receptors, while AdZ.F(RGD) contains an RGD integrin-binding sequence in the fiber coat protein that allows binding to alpha(v)-integrin receptors. The gene transfer efficiency of these modified viruses was compared in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and in an in vivo porcine model of balloon-induced arterial injury. Because of the use of heparin during most vascular surgical procedures and the concern that heparin might interfere with the binding of AdZ.F(pK7) to heparan sulfate receptors, the effect of heparin on the in vitro and in vivo transfer efficiency of these 2 modified adenoviruses was evaluated. RESULTS In vitro infection of rat aortic smooth muscle cells with AdZ.F(pK7) and AdZ.F(RGD) resulted in significantly higher levels of beta-galactosidase expression compared with the unmodified adenovirus (mean +/- SEM, 1766.3 +/- 89.1 and 44.8 +/- 3.4 vs 10.1 +/- 0.7 mU per milligram of protein; P<.001). Following heparin administration, the gene transfer efficiency achieved with AdZ.F(pK7) diminished slightly in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the transfer efficiency was still greater than with the unmodified virus (mean +/- SEM, 1342.3 +/- 101.8 vs 4.8 +/- 0.4 mU per milligram of protein; P<.001). In vivo, following injury to the pig iliac artery with a 4F Fogarty balloon catheter, we found that AdZ.F(pK7) transduced the artery approximately 35-fold more efficiently than AdZ.F and 3-fold more efficiently than AdZ.F(RGD) following the administration of intravenous heparin, 100 U/kg body weight, and heparinized saline irrigation. CONCLUSIONS Modifications of the adenovirus that lead to receptor targeting resulted in significantly improved gene transfer efficiencies. These improvements in transfer efficiencies observed with the modified vectors decreased slightly in the presence of heparin. However, AdZ.F(pK7) was still superior to AdZ.F(RGD) and AdZ.F despite heparin administration. These data demonstrate that modifications of adenoviral vectors that enhance binding to heparan sulfate receptors significantly improve gene transfer efficiency even in the presence of heparin and suggest an approach to optimize gene transfer into blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Sonpavde G, Ansari R, Walker P, Sciortino DF, Gabrys GT, Murdock A, Gonin R, Einhorn LH. Phase II study of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy of small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2000; 23:68-70. [PMID: 10683082 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200002000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Forty-six evaluable patients with recurrent small-cell lung cancer were entered on a phase II Hoosier Oncology Group (HOG) protocol evaluating bolus doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 followed by paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 over 3 hours. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses. Therapy was well-tolerated with grade III neurotoxicity in 5 patients (11%), grade III/IV emesis in 5 (11%), and grade III mucositis in 2 patients. One patient had grade IV myalgias and one patient had grade III cardiotoxicity. The main toxicity was myelosuppression. Twenty-nine patients (63%) had grade IV and 8 (17%) grade III granulocytopenia. Nine patients (20%) were hospitalized for granulocytopenic fever. There was no treatment-related mortality. Nineteen of 46 patients (41%) had an objective response, including 3 complete remissions. Two of 14 patients with refractory disease (progression less than 3 months after initial therapy) responded, compared to 17 of 32 (52%) with sensitive disease (progression beyond 3 months of initial chemotherapy regimen).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production has been widely reported to be required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 cells. Of the two constitutive isoforms of NO synthase, the endothelial form (eNOS) has been implicated in the induction of LTP in these cells. The distribution of eNOS within CA1 cells is not uniform, however, being present in the cell bodies and apical dendrites but absent from the basal dendrites. Using extracellular and intracellular recording techniques, we demonstrate that LTP induction in stratum radiatum synapses (onto apical dendrites) is dependent on NO production, being attenuated by pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor. LTP induced in stratum oriens synapses (onto basal dendrites) is, however, resistant to NOS inhibitors. Both forms of LTP require the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors because induction of LTP in both stratum radiatum and stratum oriens is blocked by AP5. Thus, it appears that synapses onto apical and basal dendrites of CA1 cells use different cellular mechanisms of LTP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Haley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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Jackson AJ, Murphy PJ, Dusoir T, Dusoir H, Murdock A, Morrison E. Ophthalmic, health and social profile of guide dog owners in Northern Ireland. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jackson AJ, Murphy PJ, Dusoir T, Dusoir H, Murdock A, Morrison E. Ophthalmic, health and social profile of guide dog owners in Northern Ireland. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1994; 14:371-7. [PMID: 7845694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Only 96 out of an estimated 28,000 registerable visually impaired persons, resident in Northern Ireland, currently make use of guide dogs for the blind. Results from this study indicate that guide dog owners represent a young, healthy and highly motivated subgroup of blind persons who have been profoundly visually impaired for prolonged periods of time. The implications of future ophthalmological developments, and of the educational and employment requirements of the visually impaired, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Jackson
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
AIMS To examine whether a therapeutic dose of ultrasound waves, when directed through the thoracic wall to the spleen, would significantly affect the platelet count in patients with stable immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). METHODS Continuous ultrasound at 1 W/cm2 spatial average-time average (SATA) intensity for up to one minute/5 cm2 treatment field was well tolerated in 13 patients with ITP and one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Five healthy controls were also similarly treated. Peak platelet increments occurred four to eight hours after ultrasound treatment in the ITP group (n = 16 treatments). RESULTS The mean peak platelet increment was 6.25 x 10(9)/l with a 5% confidence interval of the mean (95% CI) of 3.32 to 8.93 x 10(9)/l (p = 0.0004). The mean peak platelet increment of normal controls was 6.6 (n = 5; 95% CI = -2.3 to 15.5; p = 0.21) and for sham treated patients it was 0.66 (n = 11; 95% CI = -1.5 to 2.8; p = 0.60). There was a significant inverse correlation between patient age in the ITP group and peak platelet increment (r = -0.60; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Splenic ultrasound is a novel approach to the treatment of ITP, and may find a place in its diagnosis or management.
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Murdock A, Sutton M, Linsao L, Tilak K, Reid M, Llewellyn MA, Swyer PR. Operational experience of a large urban neonatal referral unit. Can Med Assoc J 1969; 101:351-3. [PMID: 5387725 PMCID: PMC1946131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sharif KY, Thalblum H, Murdock A, Daugherty HK, Robicsek F. Hypertensive cardiovascular disease caused by giant arterio-venous fistula of the kidney. Angiology 1967; 18:470-5. [PMID: 4226789 DOI: 10.1177/000331976701800802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sharif KY, Thalblum H, Murdock A, Daugherty HK, Robicsek F. Hypertensive cardiovascular disease caused by giant arterio-venous fistula of the kidney. Coll Works Cardiopulm Dis 1966; 11:759-63. [PMID: 5966737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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