Subungual Hematoma

The authors present the case of a 64-year-old male who presented to the emergency department due to foot trauma. He sustained a large subungual hematoma, which was drained. Following the procedure, the patient achieved complete resolution of his pain. He also reported no complications at two-week phone follow-up. The management of subungual hematoma, including the trephination procedure, is discussed. Potential complications, although rare, are reviewed.

Photorefractive materials for nonvolatile volume holographic data storage

Optically gated recording and nonvolatile readout in a digital volume holographic data storage system that uses a pair of mutually incoherent light sources during recording and only one for readout were demonstrated recently. This approach used stoichiometric lithium niobate, which after post-growth processing gave rise to an at least two orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over the best materials reported previously. It is also shown that by adding certain dopants (iron and manganese) to near-stoichiometric lithium niobate, the dark storage time and gating efficiency can be increased compared with previous work. The underlying physical mechanisms of gated recording and the effectiveness of the gating process responsible for this manifold improved performance are discussed, and bipolarons and small polarons are identified as the responsible photorefractive species.

One-color one-beam pumping of Er(3+)-doped ZBLAN glasses for a three-dimensional two-step excitation display

We demonstrate a one-color one-beam pumping method for a three-dimensional two-step excitation fluorescent display with Er(3+) -doped ZBLAN glass. A localized green fluorescent spot is obtained by use of a focused pump-light beam at 979 nm. The quantum efficiency of the two-step excitation fluorescence is investigated in a time-dependent analysis and an experiment with a pulsed pump light.

Digital holographic storage system incorporating optical fixing

Digital holograms have been written in stoichiometric Pr:LiNbO(3) in a two-color recording scheme, demonstrating what is to our knowledge the first all-optical nondestructive readout of digital data. Using writing light at 800nm and gating light at 476 nm, we stored and retrieved 256-kbit digital data pages with a raw bit-error rate BER of <10(-4) .

Two-photon holographic recording in aluminosilicate glass containing silver particles

Recording of holographic gratings by 532-nm laser pulses in photochromic bulk aluminosilicate glass containing silver particles is demonstrated. A diffraction efficiency of 1.5% is achieved for readout at the same wavelength. The speed of grating formation as a function of pulse energy suggests that two-photon excitation is responsible for the recording. The light causes bleaching of an absorption peak near 417nm, which corresponds to the excitation of surface plasmons on the silver, and broad darkening throughout the visible to the near infrared. A likely mechanism for the photochromic effect is discussed.

Synthesis and characterization of photochromic organic films for holographic recording

Polymer films doped with 2-(5, 5-dimethyl-3-styryl-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-malononitrile chromophore and various sensitizers have been prepared and characterized. The material exhibits high sensitivity in the red region (S=0.26 cm(2)/J at lambda=633 nm), a large dynamic range (Dn=-0.05) , and large transient two-beam coupling gain (G=110 cm(-1)) . Self-diffraction effects, such as energy and phase coupling, and photoinduced scattering are studied.