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De Queiroz Andrade E, Sena CRDS, de Gouveia Belinelo P, Robinson PD, Blaxland A, Sly PD, Murphy VE, Gibson PG, Collison AM, Mattes J. In utero smoking exposure induces changes to lung clearance index and modifies risk of wheeze in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38501326 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to tobacco smoking throughout pregnancy is associated with wheezing in infancy. We investigated the influence of in utero smoking exposure on lung ventilation homogeneity and the relationship between lung ventilation inhomogeneity at 7 weeks of age and wheezing in the first year of life. METHODS Maternal smoking was defined as self-reported smoking of tobacco or validated by exhaled (e)CO > 6 ppm. Lung function data from healthy infants (age 5-9 weeks) born to asthmatic mothers and parent-reported respiratory questionnaire data aged 12 months were collected in the Breathing for Life Trial (BLT) birth cohort. Tidal breathing analysis and SF6 -based Multiple Breath Washout testing were performed in quiet sleep. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to assess associations. RESULTS Data were collected on 423 participants. Infants born to women who self-reported smoking during pregnancy (n = 42) had higher lung clearance index (LCI) than those born to nonsmoking mothers (7.90 vs. 7.64; p = .030). Adjusted regression analyzes revealed interactions between self-reported smoking and LCI (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.07-3.63, 0.028, for each unit increase in LCI) and between eCO > 6 ppm and LCI (RR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.13-4.50, 0.022) for the risk of wheeze in the first year of life. CONCLUSION In utero tobacco smoke exposure induces lung ventilation inhomogeneities. Furthermore, an interaction between smoke exposure and lung ventilation inhomogeneities increases the risk of having a wheeze in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediane De Queiroz Andrade
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carla Rebeca Da Silva Sena
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia de Gouveia Belinelo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam M Collison
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Warner S, Blaxland A, Counoupas C, Verstraete J, Zampoli M, Marais BJ, Fitzgerald DA, Robinson PD, Triccas JA. Clinical and Experimental Determination of Protection Afforded by BCG Vaccination against Infection with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: A Role in Cystic Fibrosis? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1313. [PMID: 37631881 PMCID: PMC10459431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) of particular concern in individuals with obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Treatment requires multiple drugs and is characterised by high rates of relapse; thus, new strategies to limit infection are urgently required. This study sought to determine how Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may impact NTM infection, using a murine model of Mycobacterium abscessus infection and observational data from a non-BCG vaccinated CF cohort in Sydney, Australia and a BCG-vaccinated CF cohort in Cape Town, South Africa. In mice, BCG vaccination induced multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells circulating in the blood and was protective against dissemination of bacteria to the spleen. Prior infection with M. abscessus afforded the highest level of protection against M. abscessus challenge in the lung, and immunity was characterised by a greater frequency of pulmonary cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells compared to BCG vaccination. In the clinical CF cohorts, the overall rates of NTM sampling during a three-year period were equivalent; however, rates of NTM colonisation were significantly lower in the BCG-vaccinated (Cape Town) cohort, which was most apparent for M. abscessus. This study provides evidence that routine BCG vaccination may reduce M. abscessus colonisation in individuals with CF, which correlates with the ability of BCG to induce multifunctional CD4+ T cells recognising M. abscessus in a murine model. Further research is needed to determine the optimal strategies for limiting NTM infections in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherridan Warner
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Janine Verstraete
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (J.V.); (M.Z.)
- Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, South Africa, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Marco Zampoli
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (J.V.); (M.Z.)
- Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, South Africa, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Dominic A. Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul D. Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.B.); (D.A.F.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James A. Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.W.); (C.C.); (B.J.M.)
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Bayfield KJ, Weinheimer O, Boyton C, Fitzpatrick R, Middleton A, Kennedy B, Blaxland A, Jayasuriya G, Caplain N, Issa H, Goetti R, Wielpütz MO, Yu L, Galban CJ, Robinson TE, Bartholmai B, Fitzgerald D, Selvadurai H, Robinson PD. Implementation and Evaluation of Ultra Low-Dose CT in Early Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Eur Respir J 2023:2300286. [PMID: 37385656 PMCID: PMC10327540 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00286-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Bayfield
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Joint first authors
| | - Oliver Weinheimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint first authors
| | - Christie Boyton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Fitzpatrick
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Middleton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Kennedy
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geshani Jayasuriya
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Caplain
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hana Issa
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Goetti
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark O Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Craig J Galban
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Terry E Robinson
- Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian Bartholmai
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dominic Fitzgerald
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiran Selvadurai
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul D Robinson
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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De Queiroz Andrade E, Bayfield KJ, Blaxland A, Wong A, De Gouveia Belinelo P, Sly PD, Collison A, Murphy VE, Gibson P, Mattes J, Robinson PD. Exposure to 4% SF 6 during multiple breath washout affects subsequent infant tidal breathing analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1089-1091. [PMID: 35049151 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ediane De Queiroz Andrade
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie J Bayfield
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Wong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia De Gouveia Belinelo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Gibson
- Priority Research Centre Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dunford EK, Coyle DH, Louie JCY, Rooney K, Blaxland A, Pettigrew S, Jones A. Changes in the presence of non-nutritive sweeteners, sugar alcohols and free sugars in Australian foods. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:991-999.e7. [PMID: 34864247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In parallel with growing consumer interest in reducing sugar intake, manufacturers have increased availability of food and beverage products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS). However, emerging evidence indicates that specific NNS types have differential effects on cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVE This study examined overall changes in the presence of NNS, sugar alcohols and free sugars (FS) in the Australian food supply and the use of specific NNS types. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data for 21,051 products in 2015 and 21,366 products in 2019 were extracted from The George Institute's FoodSwitch database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The proportion of products containing NNS, sugar alcohols, FS and a combination of these, as well as proportion of products containing specific NNS types. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Changes between 2015 and 2019 were examined using Pearson χ2 tests. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2019 there was a significant increase in the proportion of food and beverage products containing NNS (3.8% to 4.3%; p<0.001) and a significant decrease in products containing free sugars (62.7% to 59.9%; p<0.001),) driven primarily by Non-dairy beverages. There were changes in the use of specific NNS types between 2015 and 2019, with a large increase in the use of steviol glycosides (33.7% to 50.2%) and a large decrease in the use of sucralose (42.4% to 30.5%), aspartame (21.0% to 14.4%) and acesulfame K (57.4% to 27.7%) (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS These findings on the use of different NNS, sugar alcohol and free sugar ingredients and combinations provide important research insights and will be useful in informing government policies that address sugars and other sweeteners in Australian foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Dunford
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings Global School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia.
| | - Daisy H Coyle
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia
| | - Alexandra Jones
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia
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Paget SP, Campbell L, Blaxland A, Lewis J, Morrow AM, Wimalasundera N. 'Life-changing surgery': English-language news media representation of selective dorsal rhizotomy. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:844-850. [PMID: 34251700 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a neurosurgical intervention to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Parents researching SDR for their child may be influenced by framing of SDR in news media articles they read. This study examined framing of SDR in English-language news media. METHODS Content analysis of English-language news media articles including the search term 'rhizotomy' in the Factiva database published July 2015 to July 2018 in online or print form in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, United States of America and the United Kingdom. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six articles were identified describing 91 different children (45 male), almost all with cerebral palsy, median age 4 years old. One hundred and twenty-six articles were written prior to surgery; in many articles, SDR surgery involved travel overseas and/or fundraising. SDR was described universally in positive terms with little discussion of risks. Content of articles variably included the specialized nature of SDR, parental frustration with their local health system and their hope for positive outcomes. There was geographical variation in both numbers of articles and content. CONCLUSIONS SDR is a common focus in cerebral palsy news media articles in some countries. Framing in these articles supports SDR as a beneficial and specialized procedure and may lead families to believe they need to work outside their local health systems. As news media are likely an important influence on families' attitudes to SDR, clinicians should be aware of this influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Paul Paget
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lani Campbell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Blaxland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lewis
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Mary Morrow
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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