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Marra F, Maffia A, Canino F, Petrovicova B, Mallamaci C, Russo M, Iftikhar Hussain M, Muscolo A. Enhancing the nutritional value of sweet bell pepper through moderate NaCl salinity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22439. [PMID: 38046132 PMCID: PMC10686852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity presents a significant obstacle to crop productivity, particularly in dry and semi-arid regions. Sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown and consumed horticultural crop, is especially vulnerable to salinity. Consequently, it is vital to determine the salinity threshold that impacts bell pepper growth and quality, enabling sustainable production in salinized areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying sodium chloride concentrations (0, 50, and 75 mM) on bell pepper growth, nutritional value, and phytochemical composition, aiming to identify the adaptable threshold in salinized environments. The results suggested that the application of 75 mM NaCl not only had no adverse impact on fruit quality in terms of biomolecules and phytochemicals but also led to significant improvements. Specifically, under these conditions, there was a remarkable increase, in respect to control, in total protein (TPRO by 50 %), total carbohydrates (TCARB by 18 %), lycopene (LIC by 68 %), total Carotenoids (TCAR by 13 %), and total phenols (TPHE by 18 %) in terms of antioxidants.In contrast, the content of ascorbic acid and antioxidant activities remained consistent. Moderate salt stress exhibited the most positive influence on sweet bell pepper quality, leading to higher concentrations of essential nutrients and nutraceutical compounds, including minerals, phenolic acids, and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Marra
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - A. Maffia
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - F. Canino
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - B. Petrovicova
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - C. Mallamaci
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mt Russo
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - A. Muscolo
- Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Cabrini M, Roncador M, Galbiati A, Cipolla L, Maffia A, Iannelli F, Sabbioneda S, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Francia S. DROSHA is recruited to DNA damage sites by the MRN complex to promote non-homologous end joining. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.249706. [PMID: 33558311 PMCID: PMC8015226 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is the signaling cascade that recognizes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes their resolution via the DNA repair pathways of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). We and others have shown that DDR activation requires DROSHA; however, whether DROSHA exerts its functions by associating with damage sites, what controls its recruitment, and how DROSHA influences DNA repair remains poorly understood. Here, we show that DROSHA associates with DSBs independently of transcription. Neither H2AX, nor ATM or DNA-PK kinase activities are required for recruitment of DROSHA to break sites. Rather, DROSHA interacts with RAD50, and inhibition of the MRN complex by mirin treatment abolishes this interaction. MRN complex inactivation by RAD50 knockdown or mirin treatment prevents DROSHA recruitment to DSBs and, as a consequence, also prevents 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) recruitment. During DNA repair, DROSHA inactivation reduces NHEJ and boosts HR frequency. Indeed, DROSHA knockdown also increases the association of downstream HR factors such as RAD51 to DNA ends. Overall, our results demonstrate that DROSHA is recruited at DSBs by the MRN complex and directs DNA repair towards NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cabrini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy.,IFOM Foundation - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Marco Roncador
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galbiati
- IFOM Foundation - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Lina Cipolla
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM Foundation - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy .,IFOM Foundation - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia 27100, Italy .,IFOM Foundation - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
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3
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Mentegari E, Bertoletti F, Kissova M, Zucca E, Galli S, Tagliavini G, Garbelli A, Maffia A, Bione S, Ferrari E, d’Adda di Fagagna F, Francia S, Sabbioneda S, Chen LY, Lingner J, Bergoglio V, Hoffmann JS, Hübscher U, Crespan E, Maga G. A Role for Human DNA Polymerase λ in Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052365. [PMID: 33673424 PMCID: PMC7956399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase negative cancer cell types use the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway to elongate telomeres ends. Here, we show that silencing human DNA polymerase (Pol λ) in ALT cells represses ALT activity and induces telomeric stress. In addition, replication stress in the absence of Pol λ, strongly affects the survival of ALT cells. In vitro, Pol λ can promote annealing of even a single G-rich telomeric repeat to its complementary strand and use it to prime DNA synthesis. The noncoding telomeric repeat containing RNA TERRA and replication protein A negatively regulate this activity, while the Protection of Telomeres protein 1 (POT1)/TPP1 heterodimer stimulates Pol λ. Pol λ associates with telomeres and colocalizes with TPP1 in cells. In summary, our data suggest a role of Pol λ in the maintenance of telomeres by the ALT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mentegari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Bertoletti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Elisa Zucca
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Galli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia Tagliavini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Bione
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.F.); (U.H.)
| | - Fabrizio d’Adda di Fagagna
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Frontiers in Genetics National Center of Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.-Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Joachim Lingner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Frontiers in Genetics National Center of Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.-Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Valerie Bergoglio
- UMR1037 INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 Avenue Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Ulrich Hübscher
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.F.); (U.H.)
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.B.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (S.G.); (G.T.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.d.d.F.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.M.)
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4
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Riva V, Garbelli A, Casiraghi F, Arena F, Trivisani CI, Gagliardi A, Bini L, Schroeder M, Maffia A, Sabbioneda S, Maga G. Novel alternative ribonucleotide excision repair pathways in human cells by DDX3X and specialized DNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:11551-11565. [PMID: 33137198 PMCID: PMC7672437 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Removal of ribonucleotides (rNMPs) incorporated into the genome by the ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) is essential to avoid genetic instability. In eukaryotes, the RNaseH2 is the only known enzyme able to incise 5' of the rNMP, starting the RER process, which is subsequently carried out by replicative DNA polymerases (Pols) δ or ϵ, together with Flap endonuclease 1 (Fen-1) and DNA ligase 1. Here, we show that the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3X has RNaseH2-like activity and can support fully reconstituted in vitro RER reactions, not only with Pol δ but also with the repair Pols β and λ. Silencing of DDX3X causes accumulation of rNMPs in the cellular genome. These results support the existence of alternative RER pathways conferring high flexibility to human cells in responding to the threat posed by rNMPs incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Riva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Arena
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Immacolata Trivisani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. De Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Schroeder
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Cipolla L, Bertoletti F, Maffia A, Liang CC, Lehmann AR, Cohn MA, Sabbioneda S. UBR5 interacts with the replication fork and protects DNA replication from DNA polymerase η toxicity. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11268-11283. [PMID: 31586398 PMCID: PMC6868395 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate DNA replication is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity and cellular survival. Cancer-associated alterations often involve key players of DNA replication and of the DNA damage-signalling cascade. Post-translational modifications play a fundamental role in coordinating replication and repair and central among them is ubiquitylation. We show that the E3 ligase UBR5 interacts with components of the replication fork, including the translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase polη. Depletion of UBR5 leads to replication problems, such as slower S-phase progression, resulting in the accumulation of single stranded DNA. The effect of UBR5 knockdown is related to a mis-regulation in the pathway that controls the ubiquitylation of histone H2A (UbiH2A) and blocking this modification is sufficient to rescue the cells from replication problems. We show that the presence of polη is the main cause of replication defects and cell death when UBR5 is silenced. Finally, we unveil a novel interaction between polη and H2A suggesting that UbiH2A could be involved in polη recruitment to the chromatin and the regulation of TLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cipolla
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Bertoletti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Martin A Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", CNR, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Belloni E, Di Matteo A, Pradella D, Vacca M, Wyatt CDR, Alfieri R, Maffia A, Sabbioneda S, Ghigna C. Gene Expression Profiles Controlled by the Alternative Splicing Factor Nova2 in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121498. [PMID: 31771184 PMCID: PMC6953062 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in expanding the complexity of the human genome through the production of specialized proteins regulating organ development and physiological functions, as well as contributing to several pathological conditions. How AS programs impact on the signaling pathways controlling endothelial cell (EC) functions and vascular development is largely unknown. Here we identified, through RNA-seq, changes in mRNA steady-state levels in ECs caused by the neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (Nova2), a key AS regulator of the vascular morphogenesis. Bioinformatics analyses identified significant enrichment for genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Ppar-γ) and E2F1 transcription factors. We also showed that Nova2 in ECs controlled the AS profiles of Ppar-γ and E2F dimerization partner 2 (Tfdp2), thus generating different protein isoforms with distinct function (Ppar-γ) or subcellular localization (Tfdp2). Collectively, our results supported a mechanism whereby Nova2 integrated splicing decisions in order to regulate Ppar-γ and E2F1 activities. Our data added a layer to the sequential series of events controlled by Nova2 in ECs to orchestrate vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Belloni
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Di Matteo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Pradella
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Margherita Vacca
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Christopher D. R. Wyatt
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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González Besteiro MA, Calzetta NL, Loureiro SM, Habif M, Bétous R, Pillaire MJ, Maffia A, Sabbioneda S, Hoffmann JS, Gottifredi V. Chk1 loss creates replication barriers that compromise cell survival independently of excess origin firing. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101284. [PMID: 31294866 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitors at killing cancer cells is considered to be fully dependent on their effect on DNA replication initiation. Chk1 inhibition boosts origin firing, presumably limiting the availability of nucleotides and in turn provoking the slowdown and subsequent collapse of forks, thus decreasing cell viability. Here we show that slow fork progression in Chk1-inhibited cells is not an indirect effect of excess new origin firing. Instead, fork slowdown results from the accumulation of replication barriers, whose bypass is impeded by CDK-dependent phosphorylation of the specialized DNA polymerase eta (Polη). Also in contrast to the linear model, the accumulation of DNA damage in Chk1-deficient cells depends on origin density but is largely independent of fork speed. Notwithstanding this, origin dysregulation contributes only mildly to the poor proliferation rates of Chk1-depleted cells. Moreover, elimination of replication barriers by downregulation of helicase components, but not their bypass by Polη, improves cell survival. Our results thus shed light on the molecular basis of the sensitivity of tumors to Chk1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A González Besteiro
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás L Calzetta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía M Loureiro
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Habif
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rémy Bétous
- Equipe «Labellisée LA LIGUE CONTRE LE CANCER», Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer LABEX TOUCAN - Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pillaire
- Equipe «Labellisée LA LIGUE CONTRE LE CANCER», Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer LABEX TOUCAN - Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Equipe «Labellisée LA LIGUE CONTRE LE CANCER», Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer LABEX TOUCAN - Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Guerrera D, Maffia A, Burkhart H. Performance output data and configurations of stencil compilers experiments run through PROVA! Data Brief 2018; 20:1148-1152. [PMID: 30225327 PMCID: PMC6139876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The data in this article are related to the research article titled “Reproducible Stencil Compiler Benchmarks Using PROVA!”. Stencil kernels have been implemented using a naïve OpenMP (OpenMP Architecture Review Board, 2016) [1] parallelization and then using the stencil compilers PATUS (Christen et al., 2011) [2] and (Bondhugula et al., 2008) PLUTO [3]. Performance experiments have been run on different architectures, by using PROVA! (Guerrera et al., 2017) [4], a distributed workflow and system management tool to conduct reproducible research in computational sciences. Information like version of the compiler, compilation flags, configurations, experiment parameters and raw results are fundamental contextual information for the reproducibility of an experiment. All this information is automatically stored by PROVA! and, for the experiments presented in this paper, are available at https://github.com/sguera/FGCS17.
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9
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Mu G, Godina T, Maffia A, Sun YC. Supervised Machine Learning with Control Variates for American Option Pricing. Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/fcds-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, we make use of a Bayesian (supervised learning) approach in pricing American options via Monte Carlo simulations. We first present Gaussian process regression (Kriging) approach for American options pricing and compare its performance in estimating the continuation value with the Longstaff and Schwartz algorithm. Secondly, we explore the control variates technique in combination with Kriging to further improve the estimation of the continuation value. This method allows to reduce dramatically the standard errors and to improve the stability of the Kriging approach. For illustrative purposes, we use American put options on a stock whose dynamics is given by Heston model, and use European options on the same stock as control variates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Mu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai , China
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Teodor Godina
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Antonio Maffia
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel , Switzerland
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Basel , Switzerland
| | - Yong Chao Sun
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai , China
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Bertoletti F, Cea V, Liang CC, Lanati T, Maffia A, Avarello MDM, Cipolla L, Lehmann AR, Cohn MA, Sabbioneda S. Phosphorylation regulates human polη stability and damage bypass throughout the cell cycle. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9441-9454. [PMID: 28934491 PMCID: PMC5766190 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) is a crucial damage tolerance pathway that oversees the completion of DNA replication in the presence of DNA damage. TLS polymerases are capable of bypassing a distorted template but they are generally considered inaccurate and they need to be tightly regulated. We have previously shown that polη is phosphorylated on Serine 601 after DNA damage and we have demonstrated that this modification is important for efficient damage bypass. Here we report that polη is also phosphorylated by CDK2, in the absence of damage, in a cell cycle-dependent manner and we identify serine 687 as an important residue targeted by the kinase. We discover that phosphorylation on serine 687 regulates the stability of the polymerase during the cell cycle, allowing it to accumulate in late S and G2 when productive TLS is critical for cell survival. Furthermore, we show that alongside the phosphorylation of S601, the phosphorylation of S687 and S510, S512 and/or S514 are important for damage bypass and cell survival after UV irradiation. Taken together our results provide new insights into how cells can, at different times, modulate DNA TLS for improved cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Cea
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK
| | - Taiba Lanati
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Universita' degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Lina Cipolla
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, BN1 9RQ, Brighton, UK
| | - Martin A Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK
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11
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Guagliano R, Barillà D, Bertone C, Maffia A, Verticchio Vercellin A, Bianchi P. ROP laser treatment based on fluorescein angiography classification. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Cipolla L, Maffia A, Bertoletti F, Sabbioneda S. The Regulation of DNA Damage Tolerance by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers. Front Genet 2016; 7:105. [PMID: 27379156 PMCID: PMC4904029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is an extremely complex process that needs to be executed in a highly accurate manner in order to propagate the genome. This task requires the coordination of a number of enzymatic activities and it is fragile and prone to arrest after DNA damage. DNA damage tolerance provides a last line of defense that allows completion of DNA replication in the presence of an unrepaired template. One of such mechanisms is called post-replication repair (PRR) and it is used by the cells to bypass highly distorted templates caused by damaged bases. PRR is extremely important for the cellular life and performs the bypass of the damage both in an error-free and in an error-prone manner. In light of these two possible outcomes, PRR needs to be tightly controlled in order to prevent the accumulation of mutations leading ultimately to genome instability. Post-translational modifications of PRR proteins provide the framework for this regulation with ubiquitylation and SUMOylation playing a pivotal role in choosing which pathway to activate, thus controlling the different outcomes of damage bypass. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the DNA clamp for replicative polymerases, plays a central role in the regulation of damage tolerance and its modification by ubiquitin, and SUMO controls both the error-free and error-prone branches of PRR. Furthermore, a significant number of polymerases are involved in the bypass of DNA damage possess domains that can bind post-translational modifications and they are themselves target for ubiquitylation. In this review, we will focus on how ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications can regulate the DNA damage tolerance systems and how they control the recruitment of different proteins to the replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cipolla
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Federica Bertoletti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
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Barco S, Gennai I, Bonifazio P, Maffia A, Barabino A, Arrigo S, Tripodi G, Cangemi G. A Rapid and Robust HPLC- DAD Method for the Monitoring of Thiopurine Metabolites in Whole Blood: Application to Paediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. CURR PHARM ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412910666141126220832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cangemi G, Barco S, Bonifazio P, Maffia A, Agazzi A, Melioli G. Comparison of Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Immunoassay and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Measurement of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus in Whole Blood. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:419-26. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to compare the results of a commercially available liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in a clinical pathology laboratory for routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tacr) in pediatric patients with those obtained with the current antibody-conjugated magnetic immunoassay (ACMIA). Whole blood levels of CsA (n= 135) and Tacr (n=100) were sequentially analyzed by using ACMIA and LC-MS/MS on pediatric transplanted patients. The differences were analyzed by using the Passing Bablok regression analysis and the Bland and Altman test. The LC-MS/MS method showed excellent reproducibility and lower limits of quantification compared to the ACMIA. A linear relationship between ACMIA and LC-MS/MS was obtained for both CsA (r= 0.9449; P<0.0001, 95% CI 0.9234 to 0.9605) and Tacr (r=0.9275; P<0.0001, 95% CI 0.8941 to 0.9506). No significant inter-method biases were observed. The analytical performances of the LC-MS/MS method make it suitable for the accurate measurement of CsA and Tacr in pediatric transplanted patients. However ACMIA results are also accurate and reliable. For this reason the choice of the method to be used in a routine clinical pathology laboratory can be made on the bases of non-analytical considerations such as costs, organization, availability of skilled personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Cangemi
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - S. Barco
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Bonifazio
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Maffia
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Agazzi
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Melioli
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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