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Feldmann K, Maurer C, Peschke K, Teller S, Schuck K, Steiger K, Engleitner T, Öllinger R, Papargyriou A, Sarker RSJ, Weichert W, Rustgi AK, Schmid RM, Rad R, Schneider G, Saur D, Reichert M. Abstract PR003: Fibroblast plasticity driven by Prrx1 interferes the tumor cells - tumor microenvironment crosstalk towards a more aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tme21-pr003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibroblast-rich desmoplastic stroma which plays a critical role in the progression and therapeutic resistance of PDAC. The stroma is composed of extracellular matrix proteins, mainly deposited by the cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs) and various types of immune cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts display a high degree of interconvertible states including quiescent, inflammatory and myofibroblastic phenotypes. However, the mechanisms by which this plasticity is achieved are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CAF plasticity promotes PDAC cell aggressiveness through multiple mechanism, particularly promoting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and immune cell infiltration.
Methods: To manipulate fibroblast plasticity in PDAC, we generated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in which CAF plasticity is modulated by genetical depletion of the transcription factor Prrx1 in fibroblasts by using orthotopic implantation models (Sm22-CreERT, Prrx1fl/fl, Rosa26mTmG) as well as dual recombinase-driven GEMMs (Pdx-Flp, FSF-KrasG12D/w t, p53fr/wtt, Sm22-CreERT, Prrx1fl/fl). To characterize the impact of CAFs on tumor differentiation, immune cell infiltration and response to chemotherapy various in vivo and in vitro co-culture experiments were performed.
Results: Our in vivo results demonstrate that restraining CAF plasticity by Prrx1-depletion leads to more differentiated tumors, disrupts systemic tumor dissemination, including circulating tumor cells as well as metastases. Interestingly in tumors with Prrx1-deficient stroma, infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes was increased. Specifically, we observed more B-cells as well as cytotoxic T-cells. Gene expression profiling of primary murine fibroblast samples revealed that Prrx1-deficient CAFs express myofibroblastic gene signatures characterized by ECM secretion phenotype. Indeed, on a functional level Prrx1-deficient CAFs secret more collagen and are highly migratory. Additionally, co-culture experiments of tumor cells and CAFs revealed that Prrx1-driven CAF-derived hepatocyte growth factor confers to a more invasive PDAC cell phenotype and resistant to therapy-induced apoptosis by inducing EMT in vitro. Importantly, in line with our in vitro and in vivo findings, compartment specific-gene expression analysis of human data revealed that pancreatic cancer patients with high stromal expression of Prrx1 display the squamous, most aggressive, subtype of PDAC.
Conclusions: Here, we define that the Prrx1 transcription factor is critical for CAF plasticity, allowing a dynamic switch between different states. This work demonstrates that Prrx1-mediated CAF plasticity has significant impact on PDAC biology and therapeutic resistance.
Citation Format: Karin Feldmann, Carlo Maurer, Katja Peschke, Steffen Teller, Kathleen Schuck, Katja Steiger, Thomas Engleitner, Rupert Öllinger, Aristeidis Papargyriou, Rim Sabrina Jahan Sarker, Wilko Weichert, Anil K. Rustgi, Roland M. Schmid, Roland Rad, Günter Schneider, Dieter Saur, Maximilian Reichert. Fibroblast plasticity driven by Prrx1 interferes the tumor cells - tumor microenvironment crosstalk towards a more aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Feldmann
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Carlo Maurer
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Katja Peschke
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Steffen Teller
- 2Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Kathleen Schuck
- 2Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Katja Steiger
- 3Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- 4German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site München, Germany, Munich, Germany,
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- 4German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site München, Germany, Munich, Germany,
| | - Aristeidis Papargyriou
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | | | - Wilko Weichert
- 3Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- 5Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Roland Rad
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Günter Schneider
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Dieter Saur
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, Munich, Germany,
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Feldmann K, Maurer C, Peschke K, Teller S, Schuck K, Steiger K, Engleitner T, Öllinger R, Nomura A, Wirges N, Papargyriou A, Jahan Sarker RS, Ranjan RA, Dantes Z, Weichert W, Rustgi AK, Schmid RM, Rad R, Schneider G, Saur D, Reichert M. Mesenchymal Plasticity Regulated by Prrx1 Drives Aggressive Pancreatic Cancer Biology. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:346-361.e24. [PMID: 33007300 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibroblast-rich desmoplastic stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to display a high degree of interconvertible states including quiescent, inflammatory, and myofibroblastic phenotypes; however, the mechanisms by which this plasticity is achieved are poorly understood. Here, we aim to elucidate the role of CAF plasticity and its impact on PDAC biology. METHODS To investigate the role of mesenchymal plasticity in PDAC progression, we generated a PDAC mouse model in which CAF plasticity is modulated by genetic depletion of the transcription factor Prrx1. Primary pancreatic fibroblasts from this mouse model were further characterized by functional in vitro assays. To characterize the impact of CAFs on tumor differentiation and response to chemotherapy, various coculture experiments were performed. In vivo, tumors were characterized by morphology, extracellular matrix composition, and tumor dissemination and metastasis. RESULTS Our in vivo findings showed that Prrx1-deficient CAFs remain constitutively activated. Importantly, this CAF phenotype determines tumor differentiation and disrupts systemic tumor dissemination. Mechanistically, coculture experiments of tumor organoids and CAFs showed that CAFs shape the epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype and confer gemcitabine resistance of PDAC cells induced by CAF-derived hepatocyte growth factor. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that patients with pancreatic cancer with high stromal expression of Prrx1 display the squamous, most aggressive, subtype of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Here, we define that the Prrx1 transcription factor is critical for tuning CAF activation, allowing a dynamic switch between a dormant and an activated state. This work shows that Prrx1-mediated CAF plasticity has significant impact on PDAC biology and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Feldmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo Maurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Peschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Teller
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schuck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Alice Nomura
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Wirges
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Papargyriou
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environmental Research Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rim Sabrina Jahan Sarker
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphela Aranie Ranjan
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Comparative Experimental Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Germany.
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Dantes Z, Yen HY, Pfarr N, Winter C, Steiger K, Muckenhuber A, Hennig A, Lange S, Engleitner T, Öllinger R, Maresch R, Orben F, Heid I, Kaissis G, Shi K, Topping G, Stögbauer F, Wirth M, Peschke K, Papargyriou A, Rezaee-Oghazi M, Feldmann K, Schäfer AP, Ranjan R, Lubeseder-Martellato C, Stange DE, Welsch T, Martignoni M, Ceyhan GO, Friess H, Herner A, Liotta L, Treiber M, von Figura G, Abdelhafez M, Klare P, Schlag C, Algül H, Siveke J, Braren R, Weirich G, Weichert W, Saur D, Rad R, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Reichert M. Implementing cell-free DNA of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids for personalized oncology. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137809. [PMID: 32614802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in using pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) in precision oncology is the time from biopsy to functional characterization. This is particularly true for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies, typically resulting in specimens with limited tumor cell yield. Here, we tested conditioned media of individual PDOs for cell-free DNA to detect driver mutations already early on during the expansion process to accelerate the genetic characterization of PDOs as well as subsequent functional testing. Importantly, genetic alterations detected in the PDO supernatant, collected as early as 72 hours after biopsy, recapitulate the mutational profile of the primary tumor, indicating suitability of this approach to subject PDOs to drug testing in a reduced time frame. In addition, we demonstrated that this workflow was practicable, even in patients for whom the amount of tumor material was not sufficient for molecular characterization by established means. Together, our findings demonstrate that generating PDOs from very limited biopsy material permits molecular profiling and drug testing. With our approach, this can be achieved in a rapid and feasible fashion with broad implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- Institute of Pathology.,Comparative Experimental Pathology, and
| | | | - Christof Winter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology.,Comparative Experimental Pathology, and
| | | | - Alexander Hennig
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Roman Maresch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Felix Orben
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | | | | | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wirth
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology and Oncology at Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Peschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | | | | | - Karin Feldmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Arlett Pg Schäfer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Raphela Ranjan
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | | | - Daniel E Stange
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKTK, partner site Dresden, Germany
| | - Thilo Welsch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKTK, partner site Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Herner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Lucia Liotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Matthias Treiber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Guido von Figura
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | | | - Peter Klare
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Christoph Schlag
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Hana Algül
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Jens Siveke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, DKTK, partner site Essen, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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