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Hamblin R, Fountas A, Lithgow K, Loughrey PB, Bonanos E, Shinwari SK, Mitchell K, Shah S, Grixti L, Matheou M, Isand K, McLaren DS, Surya A, Ullah HZ, Klaucane K, Jayasuriya A, Bhatti S, Mavilakandy A, Ahsan M, Mathew S, Hussein Z, Jansz T, Wunna W, MacFarlane J, Ayuk J, Abraham P, Drake WM, Gurnell M, Brooke A, Baldeweg SE, Sam AH, Martin N, Higham C, Reddy N, Levy MJ, Ahluwalia R, Newell-Price J, Vamvakopoulos J, Krishnan A, Lansdown A, Murray RD, Pal A, Bradley K, Mamoojee Y, Purewal T, Panicker J, Freel EM, Hasan F, Kumar M, Jose B, Hunter SJ, Karavitaki N. Natural history of non-functioning pituitary microadenomas - results from the UK NFPA consortium. Eur J Endocrinol 2023:lvad070. [PMID: 37345849 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal approach to the surveillance of non-functioning pituitary microadenomas (micro-NFPAs) is not clearly established. Our aim was to generate evidence on the natural history of micro-NFPAs to support patient care. DESIGN Multi-centre, retrospective, cohort study involving 23 endocrine departments (UK NFPA consortium). METHODS Clinical, imaging, and hormonal data of micro-NFPA cases between 1/1/2008 and 21/12/2021 were analysed. RESULTS Data for 459 patients were retrieved [median age at detection 44 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31-57) - 152 males/307 females]. 419 patients had more than two MRIs [median imaging monitoring 3.5 years (IQR 1.71-6.1)]. One case developed apoplexy. Cumulative probability of micro-NFPA growth was 7.8% (95%CI 4.9%-8.1%) and 14.5% (95%CI 10.2%-18.8%) at 3 and 5 years, respectively, and of reduction 14.1% (95%CI 10.4-17.8%) and 21.3% (95%CI 16.4-26.2%) at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Median tumour enlargement was 2 mm (IQR 1-3) and 49% of micro-NFPAs that grew became macroadenomas (nearly all >5 mm at detection). Eight (1.9%) patients received surgery (only one had visual compromise with surgery required >3 years after micro-NFPA detection). Sex, age, size at baseline were not predictors of enlargement/reduction. At time of detection, 7.2%, 1.7% and 1.5% patients had secondary hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism, respectively. Two (0.6%) developed hypopituitarism during follow-up (after progression to macroadenoma). CONCLUSIONS Probability of micro-NFPA growth is low and development of new hypopituitarism is rare. Delaying first follow-up MRI to three years and avoiding hormonal re-evaluation in absence of tumour growth or clinical manifestations is a safe approach for micro-NFPA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Hamblin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Athanasios Fountas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kirstie Lithgow
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Benjamin Loughrey
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Efstathios Bonanos
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Shah Khalid Shinwari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Kirsten Mitchell
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Syed Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lydia Grixti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, The Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mike Matheou
- Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristina Isand
- Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David S McLaren
- Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ashutosh Surya
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hafiz Zubair Ullah
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katarina Klaucane
- Manx Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Manx Care , Douglas, Isle of Man
| | - Anuradha Jayasuriya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sumbal Bhatti
- Department of Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Akash Mavilakandy
- Department of Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Masato Ahsan
- Department of Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ziad Hussein
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thijs Jansz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Wunna Wunna
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
| | - James MacFarlane
- Department of Endocrinology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Ayuk
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Prakash Abraham
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Gurnell
- Department of Endocrinology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonia Brooke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephanie E Baldeweg
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amir H Sam
- Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Niamh Martin
- Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Higham
- Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Narendra Reddy
- Department of Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Miles J Levy
- Department of Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Rupa Ahluwalia
- Department of Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - John Newell-Price
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joannis Vamvakopoulos
- Manx Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Manx Care , Douglas, Isle of Man
| | - Amutha Krishnan
- Manx Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Manx Care , Douglas, Isle of Man
| | - Andrew Lansdown
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert D Murray
- Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Aparna Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Karin Bradley
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Yaasir Mamoojee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, The Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Tejpal Purewal
- Department of Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janki Panicker
- Department of Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - E Marie Freel
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Faisal Hasan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - Biju Jose
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Steven J Hunter
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Niki Karavitaki
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Parwati CG, Farid MN, Nasution HS, Sulistyo, Basri C, Lolong D, Gebhard A, Tiemersma EW, Pambudi I, Surya A, Houben RMGJ. Estimation of subnational tuberculosis burden: generation and application of a new tool in Indonesia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:250-257. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: In many high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, there is substantial geographical heterogeneity in TB burden. In addition, decisions on TB funding and policy are highly decentralised. Subnational estimates of burden, however, are usually unavailable for planning and
target setting.OBJECTIVE and DESIGN: We developed a statistical model termed SUBsET to estimate the distribution of the national TB incidence through a weighted score using selected variables, and applied the model to the 514 districts in Indonesia, which have substantial policy
and budgetary autonomy in TB. Estimated incidence was compared to reported facility and domicile-based notifications to estimate the case detection rate (CDR). Local stakeholders led model development and dissemination.RESULTS: The final SUBsET model included district population
size, level of urbanisation, socio-economic indicators (living floor space and high school completion), human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and air pollution. We estimated district-level TB incidence to be between 201 and 2,485/100 000/year. The facility-based CDR varied between
0 and 190%, with high variation between neighbouring districts, suggesting strong cross-district health utilisation, which was confirmed by domicile-based CDR estimation. SUBsET results informed district-level TB action plans across Indonesia.CONCLUSION: The SUBsET model could be
used to estimate the subnational burden in high-burden countries and inform TB policymaking at the relevant decentralised administrative level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H. S. Nasution
- National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - Sulistyo
- National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - C. Basri
- National TB Expert Committee, Jakarta
| | - D. Lolong
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - I. Pambudi
- National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - A. Surya
- National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - R. M. G. J. Houben
- TB Modelling Group, TB Centre, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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