Pralatrexate for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL): Chance Only Supports The Prepared Mind

BACKGROUND

Due to their primary effects on DNA synthesis, antimetabolites are most effective against actively dividing cells and are significantly specific to the cell cycle phase. Pralatrexate (PDX), an antifolate metabolite designed to accumulate in cancer cells, was the first new agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of resistant/recurrent peripheral T-cell lymphomas. PDX was a drug that is frequently used not only for PTCL, but also for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), extranodal natural killer (NK) / T-cell lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE

This article reviews Pralatrexate's history, pharmacokinetics, clinical phase studies including phases I, II and III, types of cancers it is effective on, drug side effects, inhibition mechanism and even its use in the treatment of other cancers with innovative methods, including its antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS

A comprehensive internet-based research was planned, covering all published and unpublished studies on the subject. We conducted this review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and metaanalysis (PRISMA-P), and Cochrane Collaboration reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The results of the studies in the articles were recorded to include all phase studies.

RESULTS

Pralatrexate was structurally designed to have enhanced cellular transport via RFC (reduced folate carrier type) and be subject to more polyglutamation compared to methotrexate. The enhanced polyglutamylation ability of pralatrexate is associated with increased tumor cell death and ultimately improved anticancer activity. Pralatrexate is considered a promising drug for patients with recurrent and treatment-resistant PTCL with a good survival advantage. At the same time, it is an antifolate agent with a significant advantage over methotrexate as it does not cause myelosuppression.

CONCLUSION

While there are manageable side effects such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and mucositis, it is critical to explore new approaches, targeted agents, novel cellular therapies, and immunotherapies to determine optimal pretreatment in the rare but heterogeneous disease PTCL, and future studies and experienced haematologists are needed.

Measurement of cross sections of threshold detectors with spectrum average technique

Cross sections of the reactions 103Rh(n, n′)103mRh, 115In(n, n′)115mIn, 232Th(n, f), 47Ti(n, p)47Sc, 64Zn(n, p)64Cu, 58Ni(n, p)58Co, 54Fe(n, p)54Mn, 46Ti(n, p)46Sc, 27Al(n, p)27Mg, 56Fe(n, p)56Mn, 24Mg(n, p)24Na, 59Co(n, α)56Mn, 27Al(n, α)24Na and 48Ti(n, p)48Sc were measured with average neutron energies above effective threshold by using the activation method through usage of spectrum average technique in an irradiation system where there are three equivalent Am/Be sources, each of which has 592 GBq activity. The cross sections were determined with reference to the fast neutron fission cross section of 238U. The measured values and published values are generally in agreement.