The effect of estrogen receptor agonists on pancreaticobiliary duct ligation induced experimental acute pancreatitis

The 17β-estradiol plays a role in physiology of pancreas and may protect it from inflammation. To examine the possible anti-inflammatory effects of 17β-estadiol in pancreaticobiliary duct ligated (PBDL) acute pancreatitis (AP) model, and the underlying mechanism that 17β-estradiol acts on, via evaluating the direct and the receptor related effects by using 17β-estradiol, ER-α and -β agonists. In the study both sexes of rats (n = 88) were used. Animals were divided into two groups as PBDL and PBDL + ovariectomized. ER-α agonist propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT; 1 mg/kg/day), ER-β agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN; 1 mg/kg/day) and 17β-estradiol (10 mg/kg/day) were administered to the groups for 3 days following AP induction. On the 3^rd day, lung and pancreas tissues and serum samples were taken for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin (IL) assays, and histological analyses. In both tissues of male and female AP groups MPO, MDA, SOD levels were increased (P < 0.05 - 0.01) and GSH levels were decreased (P < 0.05). Pancreas and lung MDA and SOD levels were improved with all treatments in female, except lung MDA levels of PPT-treated ones, while lung MDA and SOD levels were improved by PPT and 17β-estradiol in females and via PPT in males (P < 0.05 - 0.001). The increased MPO levels were inhibited with PPT in male pancreas and female lung and with 17β-estradiol in female pancreas (P < 0.05). The increased pro-inflammatory ILs were declined by treatments (P < 0.05 - 0.001). 17β-estradiol and ER-α and -β agonists reduced oxidative pancreatic and pulmonary damage. Estrogen and agonists might have protective role in AP.

The impact of arthrocentesis with and without hyaluronic acid injection in the prognosis and synovial fluid myeloperoxidase levels of patients with painful symptomatic internal derangement of temporomandibular joint: a randomised controlled clinical trial

We aimed to assess the relationship between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and internal derangement (ID) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and effects of arthrocentesis procedure, either alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection on the prognosis of ID of TMJ. A prospective randomised controlled trial has been conducted through patients, who underwent arthrocentesis for the treatment of ID of TMJ, were randomly divided into two groups. Group SS (n = 10) and Group HA (n = 14) patients were assigned 0·9% NaCl solution and sodium hyaluronate intra-articularly, respectively. Synovial fluid samples were assayed for MPO at the time of arthrocentesis and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) scores were recorded at pre- and post-operative periods as well as first-week, first-month and third-month intervals. There was a statistically significant decrease in MPO levels between the first to second arthrocenteses only in Group 2 (P = 0·001). Both VAS scores and MMO measurements decreased in the course of time following arthrocentesis and do not differ between the patients administered HA or SS. Similarly MPO levels do not change significantly between the two groups at either first or second arthrocenteses. In HA group, MPO levels significantly decreased from first to second sessions. In HA group, MPO levels decreased significantly only in patients with clinical success. Arthrocentesis procedure improves both pain VAS and MMO scores in the course of time, but these parameters do not differ between patients receiving either HA or SS. HA significantly reduces levels of MPO in synovial fluid, but SS does not. HA appears to alleviate inflammation inside the TMJ in patients with TMJ-ID.

Edaravone ameliorates the adverse effects of valproic acid toxicity in small intestine

Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar psychiatric disorders, and migraine. Previous studies have reported an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the toxic mechanism of VPA. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger for clinical use, can quench free radical reaction by trapping a variety of free radical species. In this study, effect of edaravone on some small intestine biochemical parameters in VPA-induced toxicity was investigated. Thirty seven Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into four groups. The groups include control group, edaravone (30 mg–1 kg–1 day–1) given group, VPA (0.5 g–1 kg–1 day–1) given group, VPA + edaravone (in same dose) given group. Edaravone and VPA were given intraperitoneally for 7 days. Biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde, as an index of lipid peroxidation(LPO), sialic acid (SA), glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione- S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and tissue factor (TF) activities were determined in small intestine samples by colorimetric methods. Decreased small intestine antioxidant enzyme activities, increased LPO and SA levels, and increased activities of ALP and TF were detected in the VPA group. Based on our results edaravone may be suggested to reverse the oxidative stress and inflammation due to VPA-induced small intestine toxicity.