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Wiesinger M, Stuhlmann F, Bohman M, Micke P, Will C, Yildiz H, Abbass F, Arndt BP, Devlin JA, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Latacz BM, Schweitzer D, Umbrazunas G, Wursten E, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Smorra C, Ulmer S. Trap-integrated fluorescence detection with silicon photomultipliers for sympathetic laser cooling in a cryogenic Penning trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:123202. [PMID: 38109470 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a fluorescence-detection system for laser-cooled 9Be+ ions based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) operated at 4 K and integrated into our cryogenic 1.9 T multi-Penning-trap system. Our approach enables fluorescence detection in a hermetically sealed cryogenic Penning-trap chamber with limited optical access, where state-of-the-art detection using a telescope and photomultipliers at room temperature would be extremely difficult. We characterize the properties of the SiPM in a cryocooler at 4 K, where we measure a dark count rate below 1 s-1 and a detection efficiency of 2.5(3)%. We further discuss the design of our cryogenic fluorescence-detection trap and analyze the performance of our detection system by fluorescence spectroscopy of 9Be+ ion clouds during several runs of our sympathetic laser-cooling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Stuhlmann
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bohman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B P Arndt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J A Devlin
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Erlewein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - J I Jäger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B M Latacz
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Schweitzer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Soter
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Latacz BM, Arndt BP, Devlin JA, Erlewein SR, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Micke P, Umbrazunas G, Wursten E, Abbass F, Schweitzer D, Wiesinger M, Will C, Yildiz H, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Ospelkaus C, Smorra C, Sótér A, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. Ultra-thin polymer foil cryogenic window for antiproton deceleration and storage. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:103310. [PMID: 37874231 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a cryogenic window based on an ultra-thin aluminized biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate foil at T < 10 K, which can withstand a pressure difference larger than 1 bar at a leak rate <1×10-9 mbar l/s. Its thickness of ∼1.7 μm makes it transparent to various types of particles over a broad energy range. To optimize the transfer of 100 keV antiprotons through the window, we tested the degrading properties of different aluminum coated polymer foils of thicknesses between 900 and 2160 nm, concluding that 1760 nm foil decelerates antiprotons to an average energy of 5 keV. We have also explicitly studied the permeation as a function of coating thickness and temperature and have performed extensive thermal and mechanical endurance and stress tests. Our final design integrated into the experiment has an effective open surface consisting of seven holes with a diameter of 1 mm and will transmit up to 2.5% of the injected 100 keV antiproton beam delivered by the Antiproton Decelerator and Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring facility of CERN.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Latacz
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B P Arndt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Devlin
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S R Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - J I Jäger
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - F Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Schweitzer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Sótér
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Walz
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Latacz BM, Arndt BP, Bauer BB, Devlin JA, Erlewein SR, Fleck M, Jäger JI, Schiffelholz M, Umbrazunas G, Wursten EJ, Abbass F, Micke P, Popper D, Wiesinger M, Will C, Yildiz H, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Mooser A, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Smorra C, Ulmer S. BASE-high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons. Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys 2023; 77:94. [PMID: 37288385 PMCID: PMC10241734 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The BASE collaboration at the antiproton decelerator/ELENA facility of CERN compares the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons with ultra-high precision. Using advanced Penning trap systems, we have measured the proton and antiproton magnetic moments with fractional uncertainties of 300 parts in a trillion (p.p.t.) and 1.5 parts in a billion (p.p.b.), respectively. The combined measurements improve the resolution of the previous best test in that sector by more than a factor of 3000. Very recently, we have compared the antiproton/proton charge-to-mass ratios with a fractional precision of 16 p.p.t., which improved the previous best measurement by a factor of 4.3. These results allowed us also to perform a differential matter/antimatter clock comparison test to limits better than 3 %. Our measurements enable us to set limits on 22 coefficients of CPT- and Lorentz-violating standard model extensions (SME) and to search for potentially asymmetric interactions between antimatter and dark matter. In this article, we review some of the recent achievements and outline recent progress towards a planned improved measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment with an at least tenfold improved fractional accuracy. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Latacz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. P. Arndt
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B. B. Bauer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. A. Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S. R. Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-0041 Japan
| | - J. I. Jäger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Schiffelholz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Umbrazunas
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - F. Abbass
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Micke
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Popper
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Wiesinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Yildiz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y. Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-0041 Japan
| | - A. Mooser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W. Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Soter
- Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - C. Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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