Effective corrosion inhibition of mild steel by eco-friendly thiourea functionalized glucosamine derivatives in acidic solution

In the view of environmental protection and sustainable development, the application of green effective inhibitors for metal corrosion in industry field is of great significance. In this work, two thiourea functionalized glucosamine derivatives, 5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazolidine-2-thione (GA-1) and 1-phenyl-3-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)thiourea (GA-2), were synthesized as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl solution, and their inhibition performance were evaluated by electrochemical tests and surface analyses. The electrochemical tests and surface analyses indicate that both GA-1 and GA-2 have high inhibition performance. Especially for GA-2, the inhibition efficiency reaches 97.7% with a concentration of 0.64 mM. Theoretical calculations were also conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of GA-1 and GA-2 on MS surface.

Thermo-chemo-radiotherapy of esophageal cancer. A preliminary report of 34 cases

Thirty-four cases of esophageal cancer were treated by radiation combined with chemotherapy and hyperthermia (triple therapy) from September 1985 to January 1986. Hyperthermia was performed by an intracavitary microwave applicator of 915 MHz. The temperature at the tumor margin was 43 degrees C to 44 degrees C, whereas at the middle luminal surface of tumor it reached at 44 degrees C to 48.5 degrees C. Chemotherapy was with bleomycin (PYM) 20 mg/session, intramuscularly (IM) and cisplatin (DDP) 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg/session intravenously (IV). Hyperthermia and chemotherapy were given simultaneously within 30 minutes after 500 cGy of radiation. Three modalities were given on the same day once a week for six sessions. The total response rate (complete + partial response [CR + PR]) was 94% (32/34) and 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 74% (25/34) and 44% (15/34), respectively. Among them were 23 patients primarily treated by triple therapy with the 1-year and 2-year survival rates of 83% (19/23) and 48% (11/23), respectively. No serious side effects were seen. The average microwave power consumption during the hyperthermic treatment and its prognostic significance are discussed.

Preliminary report on the treatment of esophageal cancer by intraluminal microwave hyperthermia and chemotherapy

Thirty-two cases of esophageal cancer were treated with thermochemotherapy from August 1984 to June 1985. A combination of bleomycin (20 mg per session iv) and cisplatin (0.5-0.9 mg/kg per session as low dose and 1.0-2.0 mg/kg per session as high dose), or of bleomycin, cisplatin (high dose), and cyclophosphamide (400-600 mg per session) were the treatment regimens. A 915-MHz microwave applicator was inserted into the lumen of the esophagus for heating. The temperature at normal adjacent tissue to the cancer was at 43-44 degrees C, while the temperature of the cancer was at 45 degrees C-50 degrees C. Chemotherapy and hyperthermia were administered simultaneously, once a week for six to eight sessions. The response rate in the low-dose group was 36.4% (four of 11) and 81% (17 of 21) in the high-dose group. The complete response rate in the low-dose group was zero of 11 patients, with 38.1% (eight of 21) in the latter group. The relationship between power output and tumor response is also discussed.