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Yan Y, Hernandez-Andrade E, Basij M, Alshahrani SS, Kondle S, Brown BO, Gelovani J, Hassan S, Hsu CD, Mehrmohammadi M. Endocavity ultrasound and photoacoustic system for fetal and maternal imaging: design, implementation, and ex-vivo validation. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:066001. [PMID: 34778491 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is a widely used real-time and non-invasive imaging technique for fetal and maternal care. It can provide structural and functional measurements about the fetal brain, such as blood vessel diameter and blood flow. However, it lacks certain biochemical estimations, such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation ( SO 2 ), which limits its ability to indicate a fetus at risk of birth asphyxia. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been steadily growing in recognition as a complement to ultrasound (US). Studies have shown PA imaging is capable of providing such biochemical estimations as SO 2 at relatively high penetration depth (up to 30 mm). Approach: In this study, we have designed and developed a multi-modal (US, PA, and Doppler) endocavity imaging system (ECUSPA) around a commercialized TVUS probe (Philips ATL C9-5). Results: The integrated system was evaluated through a set of in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo studies. Imaging of excised sheep brain tissue demonstrated the system's utility and penetration depth in transfontanelle imaging conditions. The accuracy of using the spectroscopic PA imaging (sPA) method to estimate SO 2 was validated by comparing sPA oximetry results with the gold standard measurements indicated by a blood gas analyzer. The ability of US and Doppler to measure moving blood volume was evaluated in-vivo. Spectral unmixing capabilities were tested using fluorophores within sheep brains. Conclusion: The developed system is a high resolution (about 200 μ m at 30 mm depth), real-time (at 30 Hz), and quantitative ( SO 2 estimation error < 10 % ) imaging tool with a total diameter less than 30 mm, making it suitable for intrapartum applications such as fetal and maternal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Edgar Hernandez-Andrade
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,University of Texas, McGovern Medical School, Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Maryam Basij
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Suhail S Alshahrani
- King Saud University, Department of Biomedical Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirisha Kondle
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Barrington O Brown
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juri Gelovani
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Sonia Hassan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Office of Women's Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Wayne State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Bognár R, Zsupán K, Makleit S, Brown BO, Lockley WJ, Toube TP, Weedon BC. Flavofungin: a mixture of 13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27-octahydroxy-31-isopropyl-14-methyl- and 13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27-octahydroxy-14-methyl-31-s-butyl-hentriaconta-2,4,6,8,10,28-hexaen-31-olide. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1972; 14:1848-56. [PMID: 4672443 DOI: 10.1039/p19720001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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