1
|
Almutary AM, Althunayyan S, Bagalb AS, Mady AF, Alenazi L, Mumtaz SA, Al-Hammad Z, Abdulrahman B, Al-Odat MA, Mhawish H, Aletreby WT, Altartouri M, Memish ZA. Deferoxamine in the management of COVID-19 adult patients admitted to ICU: a prospective observational cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:1468-1474. [PMID: 37229096 PMCID: PMC10205239 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with high mortality, and despite extensive studying the scientific society is still working to find a definitive treatment. Some experts postulated a beneficial role of Deferoxamine. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 adult patients admitted to the ICU who received deferoxamine to those who received standard of care. Methods Prospective observational cohort study, in the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital in Saudi Arabia to compare all-cause hospital mortality between COVID-19 patients who received deferoxamine and standard of care. Results A total of 205 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 50.1±14.3, 150 patients received standard of care only, and 55 patients received deferoxamine additionally. Hospital mortality was lower in deferoxamine group (25.5 vs. 40.7%, 95% CI=1.3-29.2%; P=0.045). Clinical status score upon discharge was lower in deferoxamine group (3.6±4.3 vs. 6.2±4, 95% CI: 1.4-3.9; P<0.001), as was the difference between discharge score and admission score (indicating clinical improvement). More patients admitted with mechanical ventilation were successfully extubated in the deferoxamine group (61.5 vs. 14.3%, 95% CI: 15-73%; P=0.001), with a higher median ventilator-free days. There were no differences between groups in adverse events. Deferoxamine group was associated with hospital mortality [odds ratio=0.46 (95% CI: 0.22-0.95); P=0.04]. Conclusions Deferoxamine may have mortality and clinical improvement benefits in COVID-19 adults admitted to ICU. Further powered and controlled studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saqer Althunayyan
- Department of Accident and Trauma, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University
| | - Amal S. Bagalb
- Pharmaceutical Service Administration and Medication Safety Unit, King Saud Medical City
| | - Ahmed F. Mady
- Critical Care
- Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Zahrah Al-Hammad
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
| | - Basheer Abdulrahman
- Critical Care
- Pharmaceutical Service Administration and Medication Safety Unit, King Saud Medical City
| | | | | | | | - Maymouna Altartouri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Research & Innovation Centre
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdulrahman B, Mady A, Odat MA, Tayar AA, Rana MA, Alharthy A, Alhazmi A, Abdelmoaty AS, Hafeez MM, Kuhail A, Noor AM, Haddad M, Mady A, Ali N, Mhawish H, Aletreby W. Favipiravir Efficacy And Safety For The Treatment Of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Study. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2022; 34:397-402. [PMID: 36377144 DOI: 10.55519/jamc-03-10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona virus disease is caused by the enveloped, single stranded RNA virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) becoming the deadliest disease of the century. Its global outbreak has led researchers to develop drugs or vaccines to prevent the spread of the disease. Favipiravir is an approved orally administered antiviral drug that selectively inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, used off-label to treat COVID-19. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of this drug for severe COVID-19 infection. METHODS This was an observational retrospective study, carried out at the ICU of King Saud Medical City (KSMC) from June 2020 to August 2020. Including a total of one thousand six hundred and ninety-nine patients (n=1699). Categorized into a treatment group (193 patients) who received Favipiravir along with standard care, and non-treatment group (1506 patients) who received standard care only. RESULTS ICU all-cause mortality was similar in both groups i.e., (Treated group 38.3% Vs Untreated group 39.4%, 95% CI of difference: -6.6% to +8.4%; p = 0.8). The subgroup analysis of survivors as compared to deceased in the treatment group showed that survivors had significantly lower age, international normalising ratio (INR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. The mean ICU length of stay (LOS) was shorter for survivors compared to deceased (11.2± 8.03 Vs 16.7±9.8 days respectively), while hospital LOS was almost similar between the two groups. Advanced age (OR 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01-1.06]; p=0.004), higher INR and BUN were significantly associated with increased odds of mortality. Comparison of lab investigations at day 1 and day 10 in the treatment group (regardless of outcome) showed that there was a significant increase in Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK), and Bilirubin, while an insignificant trend of increase in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine was recorded. CONCLUSIONS In this study, Favipiravir showed better therapeutic responses in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, in terms of average duration of stay in the intensive care unit and was well tolerated in the younger age, but showed no mortality benefit. However, elevated levels of inflammatory markers, including increased ALT, AST, BUN, bilirubin, and creatinine, needs to be carefully examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Mady
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Al Odat
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Alyaa Alhazmi
- Department of Critical Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Kuhail
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfateh M Noor
- Critical Care Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, London
| | - Mohammed Haddad
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Mady
- College of Medicine, AL Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Ali
- Paediatric Department, Al-Basheer hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Huda Mhawish
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aletreby
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mady AF, Abdulrahman B, Mumtaz SA, Al-Odat MA, Kuhail A, Altoraifi R, Alshae R, Alharthy AM, Aletreby WT. "Ventilator-free days" composite outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with tocilizumab: A retrospective competing risk analysis. Heart Lung 2022; 56:118-124. [PMID: 35839546 PMCID: PMC9242887 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrates a wide range of severity, with more severe cases presenting with a cytokine storm with elevated serum interleukin-6; hence, the interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab was used for the management of severe cases. Objective To explore the effect of tocilizumab on ventilator-free day composite outcomes among critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This retrospective propensity score-matching study compared mechanically ventilated patients who received tocilizumab to a control group. Results Twenty-nine patients in the intervention group were compared to 29 controls. The matched groups were similar. The ventilator-free days composite outcome was higher in the intervention group (sub-distribution hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–6.3; p = 0.02), the mortality rate in the intensive care unit was not different (37.9% vs 62%, p = 0.1), and actual ventilator-free days were significantly longer in the tocilizumab group (mean difference 4.7 days; p = 0.02). Sensitivity analysis showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for death in the tocilizumab group (HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.97; p = 0.04). Positive cultures were not significantly different among the groups (55.2% vs 34.5% in the tocilizumab and control groups, respectively; p = 0.1). Conclusions Tocilizumab may improve the composite outcome of ventilator-free days at day 28 among mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is associated with significantly longer actual ventilator-free days, insignificantly lower mortality, and higher superinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Mady
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Shahzad A Mumtaz
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Kuhail
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Altoraifi
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Alshae
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mhawish H, Mady A, Alaklobi F, Aletreby W, Asad T, Alodat M, Alharthy A, Abdulrahman B, Almahwi S, Memish ZA. Comparison of severity of immunized versus non-immunized COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU: A prospective observational study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:102951. [PMID: 34667593 PMCID: PMC8518130 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines against COVID-19 show high efficacy, yet, infection is still being detected among immunized patients, although with blunted severity. The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of COVID-19 infection among immunized versus non-immunized COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. Method A prospective observational cohort study, including all COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit between January 1st, 2021 and June 30th, 2021 were eligible for inclusion. A comparison of severity upon hospitalization of immunized versus non-immunized patients on a 7-level ordinal scale was conducted, using ordinal logistic regression. Results 592 patients were enrolled, 524 (88.5%) non-immunized, 63 (10.6%) partially immunized, and 5 (0.9%) fully immunized, partially and fully immunized patients were grouped together. Majority of immunized patients (86.7%) were symptomatic before 21 days of immunization. Non-immunized group had fewer patients in the lower severity categories, while more patients in the higher severity categories compared to immunized group. At least one dose of immunization was associated with reduction of odds of moving up severity scale (OR = 0.2 [95% CI: 0.15–0.4]; p < 0.001) in a well fitted ordinal logistic regression model. At least one dose of immunization was associated with lower adjusted odds of 30 day all-cause mortality (OR = 0.45 [95% CI: 0.23–0.89]; p = 0.02). Non-immunized group had higher mortality rate (43.9% versus 29.4% [95% CI: 1.5 to 25.8]; p = 0.02). Conclusion Most COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU were non-immunized, most of the partially immunized patients got infected before immunity could develop, and fully immunized patients were likely non-responders. At least one dose of immunization significantly decreases severity of the disease across all ordinal severity categories, and is significantly associated with lower 30 day all-cause mortality. Accordingly, immunization status may have to be considered when deciding on disposition of COVID-19 patients at the point of triage. Vaccines against COVID-19 show high efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death. In our report most COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU were non-immunized. At least one dose of immunization significantly decreases severity of the disease. Partially immunized patients get infected before immunity could develop. Fully immunized patients were likely non-responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Mhawish
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mady
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Faisal Alaklobi
- Pediatrics Hospital, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aletreby
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasmiya Asad
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alodat
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saleh Almahwi
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research & Innovation Centre King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mady A, Aletreby W, Abdulrahman B, Lhmdi M, Noor AM, Alqahtani SA, Soliman I, Alharthy A, Karakitsos D, Memish ZA. Tocilizumab in the treatment of rapidly evolving COVID-19 pneumonia and multifaceted critical illness: A retrospective case series. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:417-424. [PMID: 33169088 PMCID: PMC7642808 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 associated critical illness characterized by rapidly evolving acute respiratory failure (ARF) can develop, especially on the grounds of hyperinflammation. AIM AND METHODS A case-series of 61 patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between August 12 and September 12, 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and rapidly evolving ARF requiring oxygen support therapy and/or mechanical ventilation was retrospectively analyzed. We examined whether intravenous administration of tocilizumab, a monoclonal interleukin-6 receptor antibody, was associated with improved outcome. All patients received empiric antivirals, dexamethasone 6 mg/day for 7 days, antibiotics, and prophylactic anticoagulation. Tocilizumab was administered at a dosage of 8 mg/kg [two consecutive intravenous infusions 12 h apart]. Outcome measures such as mortality on day-14, ICU length of stay, and rate of nosocomial acquired bacterial infections were also analyzed. Results: Patients were males (88.2%) aged 51 [interquartile range (IQR): 42.5-58.75)], with admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) 4 score of 53 (IQR: 37.75-72.5), and had more than one comorbidity (62.3%). On admission, twenty nine patients (47.5%) were mechanically ventilated, and thirty two patients (52.5%) were receiving oxygen therapy. No serious adverse effects due to tocilizumab therapy were recorded. However, twelve patients (19.6%) developed nosocomial acquired infections. ICU length of stay was 13 (IQR: 9-17) days, and mortality on day-14 was 24.6%. Six patients were shifted to other hospitals but were followed-up. The overall mortality on day-30 was 31.1%. Non-mechanically ventilated patients had higher survival rates compared to mechanically ventilated patients although results were not significant [hazards ratio = 2.6 (95% confidence intervals: 0.9-7.7), p = 0.08]. Tocilizumab did not affect the mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Tocilizumab could be an adjunct safe therapy in rapidly evolving COVID-19 pneumonia and associated critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mady
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Waleed Aletreby
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Lhmdi
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfateh M. Noor
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Soliman
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dimitrios Karakitsos
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, South Carolina University School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Critical Care Department, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Research & Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Ahmadu BU, Shemiya Y, Anita G, Ubong S, Abdulrahman B, Amina B, Iranyang Y, Rabi Z, Chekwube MA, Fatima MU, Gidado A. Association of Birth Weight with Gestational Age and Maternal Measles Antibodies. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i1.10461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal measles antibody (MMA) offers protection against measles in early childhood, however, certain determinants of this antibody lives much to be desired. The aim of the study were to determine the association between birthweight (BW) and gestational age (GA), to assess the relationship between BW and MMA, to correlate GA with MMA and to examine the combined effects of BW and GA on MMA.Material and Methods: The work was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Babies were enrolled using systematic random sampling method. The babies BW was measured using the bassinet scale; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine MMA. GA of babies was determined using the mothers' last menstrual period (LMP) or by Dubowitz score or by Obstetric ultrasound scan. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical software version 16, Illinois, Chicago USA and a computer program for epidemiologist PEPI version 3.01. Spearman’s correlation (rho), Kendall’s rank correlation (tau b) and Jonckheere-Terpstra test of association of ordinal variables were determined. Univariate analysis was used to investigate the combine effects of BW and GA on MMA. Likely-hood ratio Chisquare (?2) was used for categorical data. Goodman-Kruskal index rank order of predictive association (tau) of ordinal data was also calculated.Results: 200 babies were enrolled, 101 (50.5%) were males and 99 (49.5%) females. 169 babies (84.5%) had normal BW, 117 (58.5%) were delivered at term. The mean BW was 3.04 (0.58) at 95% CI (2.96 – 3.12) kg. Association between BW and GA was significant (p=0.003), the predictive value for the association was also significant (p=0.039). Significant correlation was also observed between GA and MMA (p<0.001).Conclusions: There was a significant association between BW and GA and MMA correlated well with GA.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):6-12
Collapse
|