Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Prenatal Ultrasound in Jimma Town Public Health Institutions, Ethiopia

Background:

Ultrasonographic (U/S) evaluation of the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid is an integral part of antenatal care (ANC). U/S results confirm fetal viability and gestational age, and multiple gestations. U/S can also provide evidence to rule out fetal abnormalities related to anatomy or blood flow. However, a woman’s knowledge about prenatal U/S is not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess pregnant women’s knowledge of this prenatal U/S assessment technique.

Methods:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 pregnant women attending ANC in Jimma Town, Ethiopia, from July to August 2021. Women were interviewed in Jimma town public health care facilities.

The sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula, and samples were taken after proportional allocation was performed for the hospital and health centers using the proportion allocation formula.

Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1.1 and exported into the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 21.0 for cleaning and further analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the explanatory and response variables.

The strength of the association of the dependent and independent variables was presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios at a 95% confidence interval. For the multivariable logistic regression, the level of significance was ap-value of less than 0.05.

Results:

In this study, 190 (62.7%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of obstetric ultrasound. Residency, primary school (grades 1–8), an education greater than secondary school, and a history of at least one abortion were significantly associated with participants’ knowledge about prenatal ultrasound.

Conclusions:

Approximately two-thirds of pregnant women had a good knowledge related to prenatal U/S. However, the proportion with good knowledge in the current study was lower than the World Health Organization recommendation.

The Practice of Infant Sleep Position among Mothers in Jimma Town Public Health Institutions, Jimma, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, 2022

Background

One of the important interventions in the infantile period is the selection of appropriate infant sleeping position. Unsafe infant sleep position is associated with sudden unexpected death in infancy. Yet, little is known about the practice of infant sleep position in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the practice of infant sleep position among mothers attending mother and child health service in Jimma town public health institutions, South West Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods

An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 409 women attending Maternal and child health service in Jimma town public health facilities. The data were collected using a pre-tested and semi- structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the practice infant sleeping positions and explanatory variables. The strength of association was evaluated using an odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval and a P-value ≤ .05 was considered to declare significant associations.

Results

Four hundred nine women participated in the study, with a response rate of 97%. The practice of recommended infant sleeping position (supine position) in this study was 33.5% [95% CI (28.9% - 38.6%)]. Being married Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% CI (1.04-6.48)), residence (AOR 1.88; 95% CI (1.1-3.31)) multi gravidity (AOR 1.6; 95% CI (1.02-2.59)) and having good knowledge of sleeping position (AOR 1.55; 95% CI (1.01-2.38)) were significantly associated with the practice of infant sleep position

Conclusion

The practice of medically recommended infant sleep position in this study was low. Being married, residence, multi gravidity and having good knowledge of sleeping position were significantly associated with the practice of infant sleep position. Therefore, considering these associated factors during health care provision and disseminating information on safe sleep practices for mothers is needed. Also, different stakeholders, including the federal ministry of health, health professionals, and health institutions at different levels, need to give attention to such problems in addition to the service to reduce infant mortality

Knowledge and attitude about human papillomavirus vaccine among female high school students at Jimma town, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination against human papillomavirus is more effective against cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward the human papillomavirus vaccines among female high-school students.

METHODOLOGY

This cross-sectional study was conducted among female high-school students in Jimma town, Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Self-administered interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.5, exported and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The Chi-squared (χ2) test was performed to determine the statistical significance between the outcome variable and independent variables.

RESULTS

A total of 366 students participated in this study with a response rate of 94.8%. Only half (52.7%) and nearly one-third (31.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination, respectively. The predictors that included parents' educational status (χ2 = 1.479, P = .003), students participating in school mini-media (χ2 = 1.519, P = .036), students who had a smartphone (χ2 = 2.118, P = .008), availability of radio or television (TV) at home (χ2 = 2.163, P = .049), and students who received information from social-media (χ2 = 2.15, P = .025) were significantly associated with knowledge of the HPV vaccine.

CONCLUSION

Overall knowledge and attitude toward HPV vaccination were low. All concerned bodies should work jointly to enhance the knowledge and attitudes of female students toward Human Papilloma Virus vaccination.

Willingness to accept human papillomavirus vaccination in Jimma town, Ethiopia

Vaccination against HPV is effective against cervical cancer, and the success of HPV vaccination is determined by the willingness to accept the vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess willingness to be vaccinated among female high school students, in Jimma town, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with female high school students in Jimma town, Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a self-administered method. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.5, exported, and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Pearson's chi-square test was used for data analysis. Finally, the results were narrated using text, tables, and graphs. A total, of 366 study participants were interviewed and yielded a response rate of 94.8%. The majority of responders (267 or 72.9%) belonged to the age class 16-20 years. Two-thirds 68.9% of respondents were willing to take HPV vaccines. Respondents' mother education (P = .041), respondents who had an older sister (P = .014), who had a smartphone (P = .043), knowledge (P = .001), and attitude (P = .006) variables were significantly associated with willingness to accept HPV vaccine. Only two-thirds of the study participants were willing to vaccinate. Responders' mother education status, responders who had an older sister, smartphone, good knowledge, and a favorable attitude toward HPV vaccine were significantly associated with HPV vaccine acceptance. All concerned bodies have to enhance the willingness of the target population to take HPV vaccination.

Mechanisms, Pattern and Outcome of Pediatrics Trauma At Agaro General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021

Introduction

Over 80% of trauma related deaths in children occur in low income and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Trauma affects several aspects of child life and is still a major concern. Despite the Ethiopian federal ministry of health (FMoH) conducting away different trials, there was an increased burden and high projection of pediatric trauma. In Ethiopia, There is insufficient evidence about the mechanisms, patterns and outcomes of pediatric trauma including this study area, Therefore this study aimed to assess the mechanisms, patterns, and outcomes of pediatric trauma in Agaro General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods and Materials

This cross-sectional study was study conducted on randomly selected 405pediatric patients who visited the Agaro General Hospital between 1/1/2018 and 30/8/2021. Data were extracted from each medical chart using a structured checklist. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1for cleaning and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Tables, charts, and text are used to report the results.

Results

A total of 405 patients were included in the study. This study revealed that majority 271 (66.9%) of injured children were males. Most 188 (46.4%) of the traumas were occurred on the street. Fall down injury were the most common 151(37.3%) cause of trauma, followed by road traffic accidents 98 (24.2%). Trauma caused by falls accounted for 43.7% and 34.4% % of all traumas in the 5–12 year and the <5 year age groups respectively. Most 126 (31.1%) of the subjects were exposed to head and face trauma. Majority 256 (63.2%) of children were discharged with improvement, while12 (3.0%) of them have died.

Conclusions

Pediatric trauma remains a major public health concern. Most of trauma occurred among boys and falldown injury was the most frequent trauma, and the majority of the subjects were exposed to head and face trauma. Therefore, children should receive safety precautions, more supervision, and identification of specific risk factors for these injuries, and should be prohibited from risky practices by concerned bodies including families and traffic officers.

Mode of decision making's approach in surgical procedures at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Perform sound decisions making while operating is crucial to the success of surgical procedures. The bewildering to choose the preferred mode of decision-making during a surgical procedure is regularly observed. This study was aimed to assess the mode of decision-making approach in surgical procedures among women who have undergone obstetrics and gynaecologic surgeries, Jimma, Ethiopia 2020.

METHODS

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. A total of 372 surgical patients were selected using a systematic sampling method. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analysed using SPSS version 25. Multinomial logistic regression was carried out to determine the association between the outcome variable and independent variables.

RESULTS

Three hundred seventy-two respondents were interviewed and give a 92% response rate. The majority of 220 (59.1%) respondents reported that they decided on the surgical procedures through themselves without external coercion, followed by a shared 94 (25.3%) and paternalism 58 (15.6%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis in model-1 shows that patient-healthcare provider's relationship and practice of informed consent predictors were statistically significant with shared decision making. Moreover in model-2 patient healthcare providers' relationship, marital status, and time spent on decision variables were statistically significant with the outcome variable.

CONCLUSION

In the study, the shared decision-making was inadequate and not in line with recent recommendation guidelines. The paternalism mode of decision-making was still practice. Build patient-health care providers' relationship is vital for promoting and advance the patients' autonomy on the decision-making approach. The healthcare providers should be motive for collaborative decision-making with the patient.

Prenatal Ultrasound Utilization and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Jimma Town Public Health Institutions, Ethiopia

Background

Ultrasound scanning is an integral part of antenatal care worldwide. However, little is known about the utilization of obstetric ultrasound in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess prenatal ultrasound utilization and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma town public health care facilities.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) from July to August 2021 in Jimma town public health care facilities. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants who attended the ANC service during the data collection period. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the explanatory and response variables. The strength of association of dependent and independent variables was presented as crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was declared at a P-value of less than .05 in multivariable logistic regression. Narratives, figures, and tables were used to obtain the results.

Findings

The proportion of prenatal ultrasound utilization in this study was 60.7% [(95% CI); (55.4%-66%)]. Residency AOR = 6.09 (95%CI: 2.35-15.78), household monthly income less than 1000 AOR = 0.159(0.035-0.73), mother's history of at least one abortion AOR = 5.78 (95% CI: 1.89– 17.64), and knowledge towards prenatal ultrasound AOR = 15.77 (95% CI: 6.39-38.92) were found statistically significant association with prenatal ultrasound utilization.

Conclusions

In the current study, the proportion of prenatal ultrasound utilization during pregnancy was lower than the world health organization (WHO) recommendation. Therefore, the author recommended that educating mothers on the purposes of obstetric ultrasound and/ or including a prenatal ultrasound screening as part of antenatal care is needed.

Patient-health care provider relationship during preoperative care in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia: patient's perspective

Background

The relationship between the health care provider and the patient is an indispensable element of medical care. The existence of a proper therapeutic relationship between the health care provider and the patient can increase patients’ trust and willingness to communicate, improve adherence to medical recommendations, enhance continuing care, and promote patient satisfaction. However, little is known in developing countries including Ethiopia what the patient health care provider relationship looks like. This study aimed to assess the health care provider-patient relationship during preoperative care in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. A total of 372 surgical patients were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Bivariate and multivariable regression was carried out to determine the association between the outcome variable and the independent variable. The strength of association of dependent and independent variables was presented by crude and adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a p value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The proportion of good patient to health care provider relationship in this study was 179 (48%) and it had a significant association with patient marital status AOR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.147–0.580), consent form available AOR = 0.162 (95% CI 0.035–0.750), the profession of healthcare providers who request the consent AOR = 0.305 (95% CI 0.117–.794), mode of decision-making AOR = 0.165 (95% CI 0.039–.709), and patient’s satisfaction AOR = 5.34(95% CI 3.1–9.16).

Conclusions

The proportion of patient-to healthcare providers’ relationship was low. More than half of the respondents did not have good patient–health care provider relationship. Hence, health care providers should be concerned about their relationship with their patients to increase the quality of medical care. The health care providers should bear in mind that patients may refuse to seek care from a provider whose relationship is not strong, even if the provider is skilled in preventing and managing complications.

Utilisation of immediate postpartum family planning among postpartum women at public hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of immediate postpartum family planning utilisation and the associated factors among postpartum women at public hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 1-30 May 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, p<0.05 and adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI were used to declare statistically significant factors.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

The study was conducted at public hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 394 postpartum women within 48 hours after giving birth before discharge from the selected hospitals were enrolled in the study.

OUTCOME

Immediate postpartum family planning utilisation (used or not used).

RESULTS

Of the total 394 participants, 84 (21.3%) used immediate postpartum family planning. The factors associated with immediate postpartum family planning utilisation were women's age (30-34 years) (AOR: 0.118; 95% CI 0.023 to 0.616), planning status of pregnancy (AOR: 3.175; 95% CI 1.063 to 9.484), reproductive intention (AOR: 5.046; 95% CI 1.545 to 16.479), partner support (AOR: 4.293; 95% CI 1.181 to 15.61), attitude towards family planning (AOR: 2.908; 95% CI 1.081 to 7.824) and maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care (AOR: 6.243; 95% CI 2.166 to 17.994).

CONCLUSION

In the study area, only less than a quarter of postpartum women used immediate postpartum family planning. Therefore, enhancing immediate postpartum family planning utilisation, strengthening community awareness to develop a favourable attitude towards family planning, promoting partner involvement in family planning and ensuring maternal satisfaction during intrapartum care are essential.

Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures and Associated Factors Among Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Health Facilities of Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and cause for the death of many people worldwide. Due to physiological immunosuppressive state and mechanical alteration, pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe illness and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes from COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. Compliance with the preventive measures is essential to control COVID-19 related consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public facilities of Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2021 among 402 pregnant mothers. Data were collected via a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Then, entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with p < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant and the strength of statistical association was measured by adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

Of the total 396 participants, 222 (56.1%) of women had a good compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Maternal age (25-34 years) [AOR: 1.926; 95% CI (1.084, 3.421)] and (≥35 years) [AOR: 3.018; 95% CI (1.53, 5.952)], husband educational status [AOR: 3.68; 95% CI (1.55, 8.737)], had current chronic disease [AOR: 2.516; 95% CI (1.297, 4.883)], and knowledge [AOR: 5.484; 95% CI (3.057, 9.838)] were significant predictors to have good compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures.

CONCLUSION

Although COVID-19 is a global and national agenda, compliance towards its preventive measures was not sufficient enough. Therefore, scale-up the community awareness via media campaign is crucial which will eventually improve compliance. Furthermore, those women who had no pre-existing chronic diseases and those in the young age group should be given special consideration.

Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Preterm Neonates Admitted to Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to assess survival status and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates admitted to Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 568 randomly selected neonates. All preterm neonates admitted in NICU from May 9, 2016 to December 30, 2019 were the source population. Data were extracted from medical chart and entered to EpiData version 4.4.2.1 and analyzed by STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable analyses were done in a Cox regression model. Variables with P-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant in predicting the preterm mortality.

RESULTS

Out of 568 preterm neonates, 199 (35%) died with an incidence rate of 62.15 (54.09-71.41) deaths per 1000 person-day-observations with median survival time of 15 days. Vaginal mode of delivery (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.05-3.08), non-cephalic presentation (AHR:1.8, 95%CI: 1.04-3.06), born from mothers with no ANC follow-up (AHR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.29-3.01), fifth minute APGAR score <7 (AHR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.31-2.68), RDS (AHR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.28-2.36), did not receive KMC (AHR: 1.45, (95%CI: 1.06-1.98), did not cry immediately after birth (AHR: 2.81, 95%CI: 2.03-3.93)), VLBW (AHR: 2.67, 95%CI: 1.29-5.53), low birth weight (AHR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.15-4.39), and hypothermia (AHR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1-1.84) were significantly associated with preterm mortality.

CONCLUSION

Preterm neonatal mortality was high and the predictors were almost all preventable and treatable. Therefore, emphasis should be given toward prevention and early anticipation, and management of these predictors.

Functional Health Literacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia

OBJECTIVE

This study assessed functional health literacy and associated factors among adult patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 respondents from May 1 to July 1, 2020, using a functional health literacy questionnaire consisting of 14 items that covers three conceptually distinct functional health literacy domains: having sufficient information to manage my health, ability to find good health information and understand health information well enough to know what to do. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. Data were collected by exit face-to-face interview using an interviewer administered and pre-tested questionnaire. Statistical significance of associated variables had been declared based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% CI and p-value <0.05.

RESULTS

Adequate functional health literacy was determined in 55.4% of CVD patients understanding health information whereas inadequate functional health literacy was determined in 53.9% participants for finding health information and in 50.5% of them having sufficient information to manage my health. Educational status was found to have a statistically significant association across the three domains.

CONCLUSION

The functional health literacy level of CVD patients varied by domain. Educational status of the participant is significantly associated with the three domains of functional health literacy whereas household monthly income and number of information sources are significantly associated with having sufficient information and the ability to find good health information. The findings indicate the need to streamline medical communication that improves the functional health literacy of CVD patients.

Prevalence and Trends of Congenital Anomalies Among Neonates at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia: A Three-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction

Congenital anomalies are a major public health problem which is defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life which can be detected prenatally, at birth, or sometimes may only be detected later in infancy. The impact of congenital anomalies is severe in middle- and low-income countries than in other developed and developing countries.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and trends of congenital anomalies among neonates admitted at Jimma Medical Center from 2017 to 2019.

Methods

A facility-based retrospective, descriptive crossectional study was conducted among neonates admitted at Jimma Medical Center from 2017–2019. Descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage) was calculated for the variables. The result was present in the table, text, and figure.

Results

From a total of 3346 admitted neonates, 199 (5.95%) neonates were diagnosed with congenital anomalies; of which 120 (60.3%), 146 (73.4%), 144 (72.4%) and 30 (15.1%) of neonates were males, urban dwellers, delivered with normal birth weight and had multiple congenital anomalies, respectively. Central nervous system was the most commonly affected body system 56 (28.1%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract 41 (20.1%) and musculoskeletal system 32 (16.1%). The proportion of congenital anomalies was significantly increasing over time.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of congenital anomalies was high and increased from year to year. The proportions observed in the study indicated that a significant number of neonates were affected and suffered from the impacts of congenital anomalies which need immediate preventive actions such as iron folate supplementation during preconception and early pregnancy. Therefore, design strategies to create community awareness and prevention mechanism of congenital anomalies, and strengthening the care and rehabilitation services for affected patients are crucial.