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Haldrup J, Strand SH, Cieza-Borrella C, Jakobsson ME, Riedel M, Norgaard M, Hedensted S, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Ulhoi BP, Eeles R, Borre M, Olsen JV, Thomsen M, Kote-Jarai Z, Sorensen KD. FRMD6 has tumor suppressor functions in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 40:763-776. [PMID: 33249427 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Available tools for prostate cancer (PC) prognosis are suboptimal but may be improved by better knowledge about genes driving tumor aggressiveness. Here, we identified FRMD6 (FERM domain-containing protein 6) as an aberrantly hypermethylated and significantly downregulated gene in PC. Low FRMD6 expression was associated with postoperative biochemical recurrence in two large PC patient cohorts. In overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments in PC cell lines, FRMD6 inhibited viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, colony formation, 3D spheroid growth, and tumor xenograft growth in mice. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and phospho-proteomic profiling revealed enrichment of Hippo/YAP and c-MYC signaling upon FRMD6 knockout. Connectivity Map analysis and drug repurposing experiments identified pyroxamide as a new potential therapy for FRMD6 deficient PC cells. Finally, we established orthotropic Frmd6 and Pten, or Pten only (control) knockout in the ROSA26 mouse prostate. After 12 weeks, Frmd6/Pten double knockouts presented high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and hyperproliferation, while Pten single-knockouts developed only regular PIN lesions and displayed lower proliferation. In conclusion, FRMD6 was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene and prognostic biomarker candidate in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Haldrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Siri H Strand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Magnus E Jakobsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Riedel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maibritt Norgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Hedensted
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Borre
- Dept. of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Karina D Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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