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Yamaguchi A, van Hoorebeke C, Tourdot BE, Perry S, Lee G, Rhoads N, Rickenberg A, Green A, Sorrentino J, Yeung J, Freedman JC, Holman TR, Holinstat M. Fatty acids negatively regulate platelet function through formation of noncanonical 15-lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01056. [PMID: 36708179 PMCID: PMC9883682 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiplatelet effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids is primarily attributed to its metabolism to bioactive metabolites by oxygenases, such as lipoxygenases (LOX). Platelets have demonstrated the ability to generate 15-LOX-derived metabolites (15-oxylipins); however, whether 15-LOX is in the platelet or is required for the formation of 15-oxylipins remains unclear. This study seeks to elucidate whether 15-LOX is required for the formation of 15-oxylipins in the platelet and determine their mechanistic effects on platelet reactivity. In this study, 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, and 15-HEPE attenuated collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and 15-HETrE inhibited platelet aggregation induced by different agonists. The observed anti-aggregatory effect was due to the inhibition of intracellular signaling including αIIbβ3 and protein kinase C activities, calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. While 15-HETrE inhibited platelets partially through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ), 15-HETE also inhibited platelets partially through activation of PPARα. 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, or 15-HEPE inhibited 12-LOX in vitro, with arachidonic acid as the substrate. Additionally, a 15-oxylipin-dependent attenuation of 12-HETE level was observed in platelets following ex vivo treatment with 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, or 15-HEPE. Platelets treated with DGLA formed 15-HETrE and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was attenuated only in the presence of ML355 or aspirin, but not in the presence of 15-LOX-1 or 15-LOX-2 inhibitors. Expression of 15-LOX-1, but not 15-LOX-2, was decreased in leukocyte-depleted platelets compared to non-depleted platelets. Taken together, these findings suggest that 15-oxylipins regulate platelet reactivity; however, platelet expression of 15-LOX-1 is low, suggesting that 15-oxylipins may be formed in the platelet through a 15-LOX-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Steven C. Perry
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nicole Rhoads
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andrew Rickenberg
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Abigail R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - James Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - J. Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Tamang HK, Stringham EN, Tourdot BE. Platelet Functional Testing Via High-Throughput Microtiter Plate-Based Assays. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e668. [PMID: 36786557 PMCID: PMC9983762 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis; therefore, in vitro assays that measure platelet reactivity are fundamental tools to gain insight into these physiologic processes, to diagnose platelet disorders, and to develop antithrombotic therapies. However, conventional platelet assays such as aggregometry, the clinical gold standard for assessing platelet function, are low throughput and require specialized equipment. Since platelets have a finite life span ex vivo, processes to miniaturize and multiplex assays allow a much broader overview of platelet function in significantly less time than conventional assays. Several groups have developed simplified, high-throughput approaches to quantify platelet activation with standard laboratory equipment to lower the barrier of entry to study platelet biology. This article describes a panel of optimized and validated high-throughput microplate assays to comprehensively assess platelet functionality, independently or in combination, to increase throughput and reduce costs. Specifically, following stimulation of platelets, a plate reader can be used to measure light transmission aggregation via absorbance; dense-granule secretion based on ATP-dependent luminescence generation; and cytosolic calcium levels with a cell-permeant, fluorescent Ca2+ -sensitive dye. Additionally, platelets are an easily accessible component of the blood that share signaling pathways with other cells, making them ideal for high-throughput drug screens. The highly adaptable and complementary assays presented in this article can be used to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying platelet activation or to identify novel inhibitors. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Microtiter plate-based light transmission aggregometry Basic Protocol 2: Measuring dense-granule secretion in high-throughput microplate assays Basic Protocol 3: Microtiter plate-based calcium mobilization Support Protocol: Platelet isolation and enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Kumar Tamang
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily N. Stringham
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Tourdot
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Lynch DR, Stringham EN, Zhang B, Balbin-Cuesta G, Curtis BR, Palumbo JS, Greineder CF, Tourdot BE. Anchoring IgG-degrading enzymes to the surface of platelets selectively neutralizes antiplatelet antibodies. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4645-4656. [PMID: 35737875 PMCID: PMC9636316 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated platelet destruction. Current therapies primarily focus on reducing antiplatelet antibodies using immunosuppression or increasing platelet production with thrombopoietin mimetics. However, there are no universally safe and effective treatments for patients presenting with severe life-threatening bleeding. The IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), a protease with strict specificity for IgG, prevents IgG-driven immune disorders in murine models, including ITP. In clinical trials, IdeS prevented IgG-mediated kidney transplant rejection; however, the concentration of IdeS used to remove pathogenic antibodies causes profound hypogammaglobulinemia, and IdeS is immunogenic, which limits its use. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether targeting IdeS to FcγRIIA, a low-affinity IgG receptor on the surface of platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes, would be a viable strategy to decrease the pathogenesis of antiplatelet IgG and reduce treatment-related complications of nontargeted IdeS. We generated a recombinant protein conjugate by site-specifically linking the C-terminus of a single-chain variable fragment from an FcγRIIA antibody, clone IV.3, to the N-terminus of IdeS (scIV.3-IdeS). Platelets treated with scIV.3-IdeS had reduced binding of antiplatelet IgG from patients with ITP and decreased platelet phagocytosis in vitro, with no decrease in normal IgG. Treatment of mice expressing human FcγRIIA with scIV.3-IdeS reduced thrombocytopenia in a model of ITP and significantly improved the half-life of transfused platelets expressing human FcγRIIA. Together, these data suggest that scIV.3-IdeS can selectively remove pathogenic antiplatelet IgG and may be a potential treatment for patients with ITP and severe bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Lynch
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emily N. Stringham
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- BioInterfaces Institute
| | - Ginette Balbin-Cuesta
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian R. Curtis
- Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Colin F. Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- BioInterfaces Institute
| | - Benjamin E. Tourdot
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Yamaguchi A, Tourdot BE, Yeung J, Holman T, Holinstat MA. Abstract P119: The 15-lipoxygenase-derived Oxylipins 15-HETrE And 15-HETE Inhibit Platelet Activation In Part Through Activation Of PPARs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.p119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the US annually. The underlying cause of mortality in cardiovascular disease is the formation of platelet-rich clots that occlude blood vessels due to aberrant platelet activation. While antiplatelet therapeutic intervention has significantly reduced the risk of an occlusive thrombotic event, many patients remain at risk for a myocardial infarction or stroke. The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are primarily attributed to its metabolism to bioactive metabolites by oxygenases such as lipoxygenases (LOX). LOXs are a group of lipid-peroxidizing enzymes named according to the specific position where they add an oxygen to arachidonic acid: 5-LOX, 12-LOX, and 15-LOX. Previous studies from our group have demonstrated that dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid regulate platelet function through their respective 12-LOX-derived oxylipins, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatrienoic (12-HETrE) and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). While the expression of 15-LOX in platelets is controversial, platelets have demonstrated the ability to generate the 15-LOX-derived bioactive metabolites. In this study we sought to elucidate the mechanistic effects of 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (15-HETE) on platelet reactivity. Washed human platelets were treated with 15-HETrE or 15-HETE and platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, calcium mobilization, and granule secretion were quantified. Both 15-HETrE and 15-HETE were shown to inhibit platelet aggregation mediated by collagen. In comparison to vehicle-treated platelets, treatment with 15-HETrE or 15-HETE inhibited agonist-induced intracellular signalling events, including PKC activation, calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. Surprisingly, while 15-HETrE was shown to inhibit platelets through a signalling cascade involving the activation of PPARβ, 15-HETE’s inhibitory effect was shown to involve the activation of PPARα and the inhibition of 12-HETE production. A better understanding of the effects of 15-LOX oxylipins in platelets could lead to the identification of novel antiplatelet therapies.
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Abstract
The association between inflammation, infection, and venous thrombosis has long been recognized; yet, only in the last decades have we begun to understand the mechanisms through which the immune and coagulation systems interact and reciprocally regulate one another. These interconnected networks mount an effective response to injury and pathogen invasion, but if unregulated can result in pathological thrombosis and organ damage. Neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets interact with each other and the endothelium in host defense and also play critical roles in the formation of venous thromboembolism. This knowledge has advanced our understanding of both human physiology and pathophysiology, as well as identified mechanisms of anticoagulant resistance and novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the contributions of inflammation and infection to venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E. Colling
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin E. Tourdot
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Perry SC, Horn T, Tourdot BE, Yamaguchi A, Kalyanaraman C, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Role of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2 in the Biosynthesis of the Lipoxin Intermediate, 5S,15S-diHpETE, Implicated with the Altered Positional Specificity of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4118-4130. [PMID: 33048542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxylipins, 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,12S-diHETE) and 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,15S-diHETE), have been identified in cell exudates and have chemotactic activity toward eosinophils and neutrophils. Their biosynthesis has been proposed to occur by sequential oxidations of arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenase enzymes, specifically through oxidation of AA by h5-LOX followed by h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, or h15-LOX-2. In this work, h15-LOX-1 demonstrates altered positional specificity when reacting with 5S-HETE, producing 90% 5S,12S-diHETE, instead of 5S,15S-diHETE, with kinetics 5-fold greater than that of h12-LOX. This is consistent with previous work in which h15-LOX-1 reacts with 7S-HDHA, producing the noncanonical, DHA-derived, specialized pro-resolving mediator, 7S,14S-diHDHA. It is also determined that oxygenation of 5S-HETE by h15-LOX-2 produces 5S,15S-diHETE and its biosynthetic kcat/KM flux is 2-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1, suggesting that h15-LOX-2 may have a greater role in lipoxin biosynthesis than previously thought. In addition, it is shown that oxygenation of 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE by h5-LOX is kinetically slow, suggesting that the first step in the in vitro biosynthesis of both 5S,12S-diHETE and 5S,15S-diHETE is the production of 5S-HETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Perry SC, Kalyanaraman C, Tourdot BE, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Freedman JC, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 biosynthesis of 7S,14S-diHDHA implicates 15-lipoxygenase-2 in biosynthesis of resolvin D5. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1087-1103. [PMID: 32404334 PMCID: PMC7328043 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two oxylipins 7S,14S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (diHDHA) and 7S,17S-diHDHA [resolvin D5 (RvD5)] have been found in macrophages and infectious inflammatory exudates and are believed to function as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Their biosynthesis is thought to proceed through sequential oxidations of DHA by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, specifically, by human 5-LOX (h5-LOX) first to 7(S)-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S-HDHA), followed by human platelet 12-LOX (h12-LOX) to form 7(S),14(S)-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S,14S-diHDHA) or human reticulocyte 15-LOX-1 (h15-LOX-1) to form RvD5. In this work, we determined that oxidation of 7(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA to 7S,14S-diHDHA is performed with similar kinetics by either h12-LOX or h15-LOX-1. The oxidation at C14 of DHA by h12-LOX was expected, but the noncanonical reaction of h15-LOX-1 to make over 80% 7S,14S-diHDHA was larger than expected. Results of computer modeling suggested that the alcohol on C7 of 7S-HDHA hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl of Ile399, forcing the hydrogen abstraction from C12 to oxygenate on C14 but not C17. This result raised questions regarding the synthesis of RvD5. Strikingly, we found that h15-LOX-2 oxygenates 7S-HDHA almost exclusively at C17, forming RvD5 with faster kinetics than does h15-LOX-1. The presence of h15-LOX-2 in neutrophils and macrophages suggests that it may have a greater role in biosynthesizing SPMs than previously thought. We also determined that the reactions of h5-LOX with 14(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA and 17(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DHA are kinetically slow compared with DHA, suggesting that these reactions may be minor biosynthetic routes in vivo. Additionally, we show that 7S,14S-diHDHA and RvD5 have anti-aggregation properties with platelets at low micromolar potencies, which could directly regulate clot resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - John Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. mailto:
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Freedman C, Tran A, Tourdot BE, Kalyanaraman C, Perry S, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Biosynthesis of the Maresin Intermediate, 13S,14S-Epoxy-DHA, by Human 15-Lipoxygenase and 12-Lipoxygenase and Its Regulation through Negative Allosteric Modulators. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1832-1844. [PMID: 32324389 PMCID: PMC7729281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1 or ALOX15) and platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX or ALOX12) catalysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the maresin precursor, 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-HpDHA), were investigated to determine their product profiles and relative rates in the biosynthesis of the key maresin intermediate, 13S,14S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (13S,14S-epoxy-DHA). Both enzymes converted DHA to 14S-HpDHA, with h12-LOX having a 39-fold greater kcat/KM value (14.0 ± 0.8 s-1 μM-1) than that of h15-LOX-1 (0.36 ± 0.08 s-1 μM-1) and a 1.8-fold greater 14S-HpDHA product selectivity, 81 and 46%, respectively. However, h12-LOX was markedly less effective at producing 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA from 14S-HpDHA than h15-LOX-1, with a 4.6-fold smaller kcat/KM value, 0.0024 ± 0.0002 and 0.11 ± 0.006 s-1 μM-1, respectively. This is the first evidence of h15-LOX-1 to catalyze this reaction and reveals a novel in vitro pathway for maresin biosynthesis. In addition, epoxidation of 14S-HpDHA is negatively regulated through allosteric oxylipin binding to h15-LOX-1 and h12-LOX. For h15-LOX-1, 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 6.0 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 3.5 μM), and 14S-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (14S-HDPAω-3) (Kd = 4.0 μM) were shown to decrease 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA production. h12-LOX was also shown to be allosterically regulated by 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 3.5 μM) and 14S-HDPAω-3 (Kd = 4.0 μM); however, 12S-HETE showed no effect, indicating for the first time an allosteric response by h12-LOX. Finally, 14S-HpDHA inhibited platelet aggregation at a submicrololar concentration, which may have implications in the benefits of diets rich in DHA. These in vitro biosynthetic pathways may help guide in vivo maresin biosynthetic investigations and possibly direct therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adrianne Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Steve Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Yadav V, Chi L, Zhao R, Tourdot BE, Yalavarthi S, Jacobs BN, Banka A, Liao H, Koonse S, Anyanwu AC, Visovatti SH, Holinstat MA, Kahlenberg JM, Knight JS, Pinsky DJ, Kanthi Y. Ectonucleotidase tri(di)phosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD-1) disrupts inflammasome/interleukin 1β-driven venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2872-2877. [PMID: 30990798 DOI: 10.1172/jci124804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), caused by alterations in venous homeostasis is the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality; however, key molecular determinants in venous thrombosis have not been fully elucidated. Several lines of evidence indicate that DVT occurs at the intersection of dysregulated inflammation and coagulation. The enzyme ectonucleoside tri(di)phosphohydrolase (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) is a vascular ecto-apyrase on the surface of leukocytes and the endothelium that inhibits intravascular inflammation and thrombosis by hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds from nucleotides released by activated cells. Here, we evaluated the contribution of CD39 to venous thrombosis in a restricted-flow model of murine inferior vena cava stenosis. CD39-deficiency conferred a >2-fold increase in venous thrombogenesis, characterized by increased leukocyte engagement, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, fibrin, and local activation of tissue factor in the thrombotic milieu. This was orchestrated by increased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NFκB, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release in CD39-deficient mice. Substantiating these findings, an IL-1β-neutralizing antibody attenuated the thrombosis risk in CD39-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that IL-1β is a key accelerant of venous thrombo-inflammation, which can be suppressed by CD39. CD39 inhibits in vivo crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation pathways, and is a critical vascular checkpoint in venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Liguo Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Raymond Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | | | | | - Benjamin N Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison Banka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Liao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Sharon Koonse
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center
| | - Anuli C Anyanwu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center.,Section of Cardiology, Ann Arbor Veterans Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Green AR, Freedman C, Tena J, Tourdot BE, Liu B, Holinstat M, Holman TR. 5 S,15 S-Dihydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (5,15-diHpETE) as a Lipoxin Intermediate: Reactivity and Kinetics with Human Leukocyte 5-Lipoxygenase, Platelet 12-Lipoxygenase, and Reticulocyte 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6726-6734. [PMID: 30407793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 5 S,15 S-dihydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-diHpETE) with human 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), human platelet 12-LOX, and human reticulocyte 15-LOX-1 was investigated to determine the reactivity and relative rates of producing lipoxins (LXs). 5-LOX does not react with 5,15-diHpETE, although it can produce LXA4 when 15-HpETE is the substrate. In contrast, both 12-LOX and 15-LOX-1 react with 5,15-diHpETE, forming specifically LXB4. For 12-LOX and 5,15-diHpETE, the kinetic parameters are kcat = 0.17 s-1 and kcat/ KM = 0.011 μM-1 s-1 [106- and 1600-fold lower than those for 12-LOX oxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA), respectively]. On the other hand, for 15-LOX-1 the equivalent parameters are kcat = 4.6 s-1 and kcat/ KM = 0.21 μM-1 s-1 (3-fold higher and similar to those for 12-HpETE formation by 15-LOX-1 from AA, respectively). This contrasts with the complete lack of reaction of 15-LOX-2 with 5,15-diHpETE [Green, A. R., et al. (2016) Biochemistry 55, 2832-2840]. Our data indicate that 12-LOX is markedly inferior to 15-LOX-1 in catalyzing the production of LXB4 from 5,15-diHpETE. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by the addition of 5,15-diHpETE, with an IC50 of 1.3 μM; however, LXB4 did not significantly inhibit collagen-mediated platelet activation up to 10 μM. In summary, LXB4 is the primary product of 12-LOX and 15-LOX-1 catalysis, if 5,15-diHpETE is the substrate, with 15-LOX-1 being 20-fold more efficient than 12-LOX. LXA4 is the primary product with 5-LOX but only if 15-HpETE is the substrate. Approximately equal proportions of LXA4 and LXB4 are produced by 12-LOX but only if LTA4 is the substrate, as described previously [Sheppard, K. A., et al. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1133, 223-234].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , 500 South State Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Benjamin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , 500 South State Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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11
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Tourdot BE, Stoveken H, Trumbo D, Yeung J, Kanthi Y, Edelstein LC, Bray PF, Tall GG, Holinstat M. Genetic Variant in Human PAR (Protease-Activated Receptor) 4 Enhances Thrombus Formation Resulting in Resistance to Antiplatelet Therapeutics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1632-1643. [PMID: 29748334 PMCID: PMC6023764 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet activation after stimulation of PAR (protease-activated receptor) 4 is heightened in platelets from blacks compared with those from whites. The difference in PAR4 signaling by race is partially explained by a single-nucleotide variant in PAR4 encoding for either an alanine or threonine at amino acid 120 in the second transmembrane domain. The current study sought to determine whether the difference in PAR4 signaling by this PAR4 variant is because of biased Gq signaling and whether the difference in PAR4 activity results in resistance to traditional antiplatelet intervention. APPROACH AND RESULTS Membranes expressing human PAR4-120 variants were reconstituted with either Gq or G13 to determine the kinetics of G protein activation. The kinetics of Gq and G13 activation were both increased in membranes expressing PAR4-Thr120 compared with those expressing PAR4-Ala120. Further, inhibiting PAR4-mediated platelet activation by targeting COX (cyclooxygenase) and P2Y12 receptor was less effective in platelets from subjects expressing PAR4-Thr120 compared with PAR4-Ala120. Additionally, ex vivo thrombus formation in whole blood was evaluated at high shear to determine the relationship between PAR4 variant expression and response to antiplatelet drugs. Ex vivo thrombus formation was enhanced in blood from subjects expressing PAR4-Thr120 in the presence or absence of antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support that the signaling difference by the PAR4-120 variant results in the enhancement of both Gq and G13 activation and an increase in thrombus formation resulting in a potential resistance to traditional antiplatelet therapies targeting COX-1 and the P2Y12 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.)
| | - Hannah Stoveken
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.)
| | - Derek Trumbo
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.)
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.)
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K., M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, MI (Y.K.)
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.C.E.)
| | - Paul F Bray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (P.F.B.)
| | - Gregory G Tall
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.E.T., H.S., D.T., J.Y., G.G.T., M.H.) .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K., M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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12
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Adili R, Tourdot BE, Mast K, Yeung J, Freedman JC, Green A, Luci DK, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Maloney DJ, Holman TR, Holinstat M. First Selective 12-LOX Inhibitor, ML355, Impairs Thrombus Formation and Vessel Occlusion In Vivo With Minimal Effects on Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1828-1839. [PMID: 28775075 PMCID: PMC5620123 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adequate platelet reactivity is required for maintaining hemostasis. However, excessive platelet reactivity can also lead to the formation of occlusive thrombi. Platelet 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), an oxygenase highly expressed in the platelet, has been demonstrated to regulate platelet function and thrombosis ex vivo, supporting a key role for 12-LOX in the regulation of in vivo thrombosis. However, the ability to pharmacologically target 12-LOX in vivo has not been established to date. Here, we studied the effect of the first highly selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, on in vivo thrombosis and hemostasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS ML355 dose-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation and 12-LOX oxylipin production, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the antiplatelet effects of ML355 were reversed after exposure to high concentrations of thrombin in vitro. Ex vivo flow chamber assays confirmed that human platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at arterial shear over collagen were attenuated in whole blood treated with ML355 comparable to aspirin. Oral administration of ML355 in mice showed reasonable plasma drug levels by pharmacokinetic assessment. ML355 treatment impaired thrombus growth and vessel occlusion in FeCl3-induced mesenteric and laser-induced cremaster arteriole thrombosis models in mice. Importantly, hemostatic plug formation and bleeding after treatment with ML355 was minimal in mice in response to laser ablation on the saphenous vein or in a cremaster microvasculature laser-induced rupture model. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly support 12-LOX as a key determinant of platelet reactivity in vivo, and inhibition of platelet 12-LOX with ML355 may represent a new class of antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Katherine Mast
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - John C Freedman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Abigail Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Diane K Luci
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Anton Simeonov
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - David J Maloney
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Theodore R Holman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.).
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13
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Tourdot BE, Holinstat M. Targeting 12-Lipoxygenase as a Potential Novel Antiplatelet Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:1006-1015. [PMID: 28863985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are key contributors to the formation of occlusive thrombi; the major underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Antiplatelet therapy has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with thrombotic events; however, the utility of current antiplatelet therapies is limited by the concomitant risk of an adverse bleeding event. Novel antiplatelet therapies that are more efficacious at inhibiting thrombosis while minimally affecting hemostasis are required. Platelet-type 12-(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), an oxygenase shown to potentiate platelet activation, represents a novel antiplatelet target. Recently, a selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, was shown to decrease thrombosis without prolonging hemostasis. While published data suggests targeting 12-LOX is a viable approach, further work is required to determine the safety and effectiveness of 12-LOX inhibitors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Yeung J, Tourdot BE, Adili R, Green AR, Freedman CJ, Fernandez-Perez P, Yu J, Holman TR, Holinstat M. 12(S)-HETrE, a 12-Lipoxygenase Oxylipin of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Thrombosis via Gαs Signaling in Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2068-77. [PMID: 27470510 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been widely used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk; however, the cardioprotective benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids remain controversial because of lack of mechanistic and in vivo evidence. We present direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), exhibits in vivo cardioprotection through 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) oxidation of DGLA to its reduced oxidized lipid form, 12(S)-hydroxy-8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid (12(S)-HETrE), inhibiting platelet activation and thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS DGLA inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation and Rap1 activation in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking 12-LOX expression (12-LOX(-/-)). Similarly, wild-type mice treated with DGLA were able to reduce thrombus growth (platelet and fibrin accumulation) after laser-induced injury of the arteriole of the cremaster muscle, but not 12-LOX(-/-) mice, supporting a 12-LOX requirement for mediating the inhibitory effects of DGLA on platelet-mediated thrombus formation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation were also suppressed when directly treated with 12(S)-HETrE. Importantly, 2 hemostatic models, tail bleeding and arteriole rupture of the cremaster muscle, showed no alteration in hemostasis after 12(S)-HETrE treatment. Finally, the mechanism for 12(S)-HETrE protection was shown to be mediated via a Gαs-linked G-protein-coupled receptor pathway in human platelets. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, DGLA, inhibits injury-induced thrombosis through its 12-LOX oxylipin, 12(S)-HETrE, which strongly supports the potential cardioprotective benefits of DGLA supplementation through its regulation of platelet function. Furthermore, this is the first evidence of a 12-LOX oxylipin regulating platelet function in a Gs α subunit-linked G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Reheman Adili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Abigail R Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Cody J Freedman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Pilar Fernandez-Perez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Johnny Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Theodore R Holman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.).
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holinstat
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.H., B.E.T.) and Internal Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (M.H., B.E.T.) and Internal Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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16
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Edelstein LC, Simon LM, Lindsay CR, Kong X, Teruel-Montoya R, Tourdot BE, Chen ES, Ma L, Coughlin S, Nieman M, Holinstat M, Shaw CA, Bray PF. Common variants in the human platelet PAR4 thrombin receptor alter platelet function and differ by race. Blood 2014; 124:3450-8. [PMID: 25293779 PMCID: PMC4246040 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-572479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human platelets express 2 thrombin receptors: protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR4. Recently, we reported 3.7-fold increased PAR4-mediated aggregation kinetics in platelets from black subjects compared with white subjects. We now show that platelets from blacks (n = 70) express 14% more PAR4 protein than those from whites (n = 84), but this difference is not associated with platelet PAR4 function. Quantitative trait locus analysis identified 3 common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PAR4 gene (F2RL3) associated with PAR4-induced platelet aggregation. Among these single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs773902 determines whether residue 120 in transmembrane domain 2 is an alanine (Ala) or threonine (Thr). Compared with the Ala120 variant, Thr120 was more common in black subjects than in white subjects (63% vs 19%), was associated with higher PAR4-induced human platelet aggregation and Ca2+ flux, and generated greater inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate in transfected cells. A second, less frequent F2RL3 variant, Phe296Val, was only observed in blacks and abolished the enhanced PAR4-induced platelet aggregation and 1,4,5-triphosphate generation associated with PAR4-Thr120. PAR4 genotype did not affect vorapaxar inhibition of platelet PAR1 function, but a strong pharmacogenetic effect was observed with the PAR4-specific antagonist YD-3 [1-benzyl-3(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-indazole]. These findings may have an important pharmacogenetic effect on the development of new PAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard C Edelstein
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cory R Lindsay
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xianguo Kong
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Raúl Teruel-Montoya
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward S Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lin Ma
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shaun Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marvin Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Paul F Bray
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Tourdot BE, Conaway S, Niisuke K, Edelstein LC, Bray PF, Holinstat M. Mechanism of race-dependent platelet activation through the protease-activated receptor-4 and Gq signaling axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2644-50. [PMID: 25278289 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black individuals are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, 2 vascular diseases with strong thrombotic components. Platelet activation is a key step in platelet clot formation leading to myocardial infarction and stroke, and recent work supports a racial difference in platelet aggregation through the thrombin protease-activated receptors (PARs). The underlying mechanism for this racial difference, however, has not been established. Determining where in the signaling cascade these racial differences emerge will aid in understanding why individuals of differing racial ancestry may possess an inherent difference in their responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies. APPROACH AND RESULTS Washed human platelets from black volunteers were hyperaggregable in response to PAR4-mediated platelet stimulation compared with whites. Interestingly, the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation persisted in platelets treated ex vivo with aspirin and 2MeSAMP (2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt hydrate), suggesting that the racial difference is independent of secondary feedback. Furthermore, stimulation of platelets from black donors with PAR4-activating peptide showed a potentiated level of activation through the Gq pathway compared with platelets from white donors. Differences in signaling included increased Ca(2+) mobilization, Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) activation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation with no observed difference in platelet protein expression between the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate that the Gq pathway is differentially regulated by race after PAR4 stimulation in human platelets. Furthermore, the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation persisted in the presence of cyclooxygenase and P2Y12 receptor dual inhibition, suggesting that current antiplatelet therapy may provide less protection to blacks than whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stanley Conaway
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katrin Niisuke
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul F Bray
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predicted to increase due to the shift in age of the general population and increase in CVD risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. New therapies are required to decrease the prevalence of CVD risk factors (obesity and diabetes) as well as reduce atherothrombosis, the major cause of CVD related mortality. Oxylipins, bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a role in the progression of CVD risk factors and thrombosis. Aspirin, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, decreases atherothrombotic associated mortality by 25%. These potent effects of aspirin have shown the utility of modulating oxylipin signaling pathways to decrease CVD mortality. The role of many oxylipins in the progression of CVD, however, is still uncertain or controversial. An increased understanding of the role oxylipins play in CVD risk factors and thrombosis could lead to new therapies to decrease the prevalence of CVD and its associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Intekhab Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
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Tourdot BE, Brenner MK, Keough KC, Holyst T, Newman PJ, Newman DK. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-mediated inhibitory signaling is regulated by sequential phosphorylation mediated by distinct nonreceptor tyrosine kinases: a case study involving PECAM-1. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2597-608. [PMID: 23418871 DOI: 10.1021/bi301461t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The activation state of many blood and vascular cells is tightly controlled by a delicate balance between receptors that contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) and those that contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). Precisely how the timing of cellular activation by ITAM-coupled receptors is regulated by ITIM-containing receptors is, however, poorly understood. Using platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) as a prototypical ITIM-bearing receptor, we demonstrate that initiation of inhibitory signaling occurs via a novel, sequential process in which Src family kinases phosphorylate the C-terminal ITIM, thereby enabling phosphorylation of the N-terminal ITIM of PECAM-1 by other Src homology 2 domain-containing nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). NRTKs capable of mediating the second phosphorylation event include C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk and Csk function downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation during ITAM-dependent platelet activation. In ITAM-activated platelets that were treated with a PI3K inhibitor, PECAM-1 was phosphorylated but did not bind the tandem SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, indicating that it was not phosphorylated on its N-terminal ITIM. Csk bound to and phosphorylated PECAM-1 more efficiently than did Btk and required its SH2 domain to perform these functions. Additionally, the phosphorylation of the N-terminal ITIM of Siglec-9 by Csk is enhanced by the prior phosphorylation of its C-terminal ITIM, providing evidence that the ITIMs of other dual ITIM-containing receptors are also sequentially phosphorylated. On the basis of these findings, we propose that sequential ITIM phosphorylation provides a general mechanism for precise temporal control over the recruitment and activation of tandem SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases that dampen ITAM-dependent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Privratsky JR, Tourdot BE, Newman DK, Newman PJ. The anti-inflammatory actions of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 do not involve regulation of endothelial cell NF-kappa B. J Immunol 2010; 184:3157-63. [PMID: 20173029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PECAM-1 is a cell adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on many hematopoietic cells and at endothelial cell-cell junctions. Accumulating evidence from a number of in vitro and in vivo model systems suggests that PECAM-1 suppresses cytokine production and vascular permeability induced by a wide range of inflammatory stimuli. In several of these models of inflammatory disease, endothelial, and not leukocyte or platelet, PECAM-1 conferred protection against inflammatory insult. However, the mechanism by which endothelial PECAM-1 functions as an anti-inflammatory protein is poorly understood. It was recently suggested that PECAM-1 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-kappaB, a proinflammatory transcription factor. To confirm and extend these observations, we examined the effect of engaging, cross-linking, or expressing PECAM-1 on NF-kappaB activation in a variety of human cells. PECAM-1 had no effect on the phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein, IkappaBalpha; on the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB; on the suppression of cytokine-induced transcriptional activation of an NF-kappaB luciferase reporter plasmid; or on the cytokine-stimulated upregulation of ICAM-1, an NF-kappaB target gene, in endothelial cells. Taken together, these studies strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of PECAM-1 in endothelial cells are not likely to involve its regulation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Privratsky
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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