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Kumar K, Modenato C, Moreau C, Ching CRK, Harvey A, Martin-Brevet S, Huguet G, Jean-Louis M, Douard E, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Richetin S, Kushan L, Isaev D, Alpert K, Ragothaman A, Turner JA, Wang L, Ho TC, Schmaal L, Silva AI, van den Bree MB, Linden DE, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Dumas G, Draganski B, Gutman BA, Sønderby IE, Andreassen OA, Schultz L, Almasy L, Glahn DC, Bearden CE, Thompson PM, Jacquemont S. Subcortical Brain Alterations in Carriers of Genomic Copy Number Variants. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:685-698. [PMID: 37434504 PMCID: PMC10885337 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Copy number variants (CNVs) are well-known genetic pleiotropic risk factors for multiple neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs), including autism (ASD) and schizophrenia. Little is known about how different CNVs conferring risk for the same condition may affect subcortical brain structures and how these alterations relate to the level of disease risk conferred by CNVs. To fill this gap, the authors investigated gross volume, vertex-level thickness, and surface maps of subcortical structures in 11 CNVs and six NPDs. METHODS Subcortical structures were characterized using harmonized ENIGMA protocols in 675 CNV carriers (CNVs at 1q21.1, TAR, 13q12.12, 15q11.2, 16p11.2, 16p13.11, and 22q11.2; age range, 6-80 years; 340 males) and 782 control subjects (age range, 6-80 years; 387 males) as well as ENIGMA summary statistics for ASD, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depression. RESULTS All CNVs showed alterations in at least one subcortical measure. Each structure was affected by at least two CNVs, and the hippocampus and amygdala were affected by five. Shape analyses detected subregional alterations that were averaged out in volume analyses. A common latent dimension was identified, characterized by opposing effects on the hippocampus/amygdala and putamen/pallidum, across CNVs and across NPDs. Effect sizes of CNVs on subcortical volume, thickness, and local surface area were correlated with their previously reported effect sizes on cognition and risk for ASD and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that subcortical alterations associated with CNVs show varying levels of similarities with those associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, as well distinct effects, with some CNVs clustering with adult-onset conditions and others with ASD. These findings provide insight into the long-standing questions of why CNVs at different genomic loci increase the risk for the same NPD and why a single CNV increases the risk for a diverse set of NPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Moreau
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3571, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Annabelle Harvey
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne M. Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dmitry Isaev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anjani Ragothaman
- Department of biomedical engineering, Oregon Health and Science university, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana I. Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B.M. van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David E.J. Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lippé
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Schultz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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Kopal J, Kumar K, Saltoun K, Modenato C, Moreau CA, Martin-Brevet S, Huguet G, Jean-Louis M, Martin CO, Saci Z, Younis N, Tamer P, Douard E, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Richetin S, Kushan L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Andreassen OA, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Jacquemont S, Bzdok D. Rare CNVs and phenome-wide profiling highlight brain structural divergence and phenotypical convergence. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1001-1017. [PMID: 36864136 PMCID: PMC7615290 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are rare genomic deletions and duplications that can affect brain and behaviour. Previous reports of CNV pleiotropy imply that they converge on shared mechanisms at some level of pathway cascades, from genes to large-scale neural circuits to the phenome. However, existing studies have primarily examined single CNV loci in small clinical cohorts. It remains unknown, for example, how distinct CNVs escalate vulnerability for the same developmental and psychiatric disorders. Here we quantitatively dissect the associations between brain organization and behavioural differentiation across 8 key CNVs. In 534 CNV carriers, we explored CNV-specific brain morphology patterns. CNVs were characteristic of disparate morphological changes involving multiple large-scale networks. We extensively annotated these CNV-associated patterns with ~1,000 lifestyle indicators through the UK Biobank resource. The resulting phenotypic profiles largely overlap and have body-wide implications, including the cardiovascular, endocrine, skeletal and nervous systems. Our population-level investigation established brain structural divergences and phenotypical convergences of CNVs, with direct relevance to major brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karin Saltoun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles-Olivier Martin
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zohra Saci
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurèlie Pain
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana I Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- TheNeuro - Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kumar K, Modenato C, Moreau C, Ching CRK, Harvey A, Martin-Brevet S, Huguet G, Jean-Louis M, Douard E, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Richetin S, Kushan L, Isaev D, Alpert K, Ragothaman A, Turner JA, Wang L, Ho TC, Schmaal L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Dumas G, Draganski B, Gutman BA, Sønderby IE, Andreassen OA, Schultz L, Almasy L, Glahn DC, Bearden CE, Thompson PM, Jacquemont S. Subcortical brain alterations in carriers of genomic copy number variants. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.14.23285913. [PMID: 36865328 PMCID: PMC9980268 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.23285913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Copy number variants (CNVs) are well-known genetic pleiotropic risk factors for multiple neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) including autism (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Overall, little is known about how different CNVs conferring risk for the same condition may affect subcortical brain structures and how these alterations relate to the level of disease risk conferred by CNVs. To fill this gap, we investigated gross volume, and vertex level thickness and surface maps of subcortical structures in 11 different CNVs and 6 different NPDs. Methods Subcortical structures were characterized using harmonized ENIGMA protocols in 675 CNV carriers (at the following loci: 1q21.1, TAR, 13q12.12, 15q11.2, 16p11.2, 16p13.11, and 22q11.2) and 782 controls (Male/Female: 727/730; age-range: 6-80 years) as well as ENIGMA summary-statistics for ASD, SZ, ADHD, Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder, Bipolar-Disorder, and Major-Depression. Results Nine of the 11 CNVs affected volume of at least one subcortical structure. The hippocampus and amygdala were affected by five CNVs. Effect sizes of CNVs on subcortical volume, thickness and local surface area were correlated with their previously reported effect sizes on cognition and risk for ASD and SZ. Shape analyses were able to identify subregional alterations that were averaged out in volume analyses. We identified a common latent dimension - characterized by opposing effects on basal ganglia and limbic structures - across CNVs and across NPDs. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that subcortical alterations associated with CNVs show varying levels of similarities with those associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. We also observed distinct effects with some CNVs clustering with adult conditions while others clustered with ASD. This large cross-CNV and NPDs analysis provide insight into the long-standing questions of why CNVs at different genomic loci increase the risk for the same NPD, as well as why a single CNV increases the risk for a diverse set of NPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Moreau
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3571, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Annabelle Harvey
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dmitry Isaev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anjani Ragothaman
- Department of biomedical engineering, Oregon Health and Science university, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana I Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of clinical neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Schultz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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Modenato C, Martin-Brevet S, Moreau CA, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Kumar K, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Jacquemont S. Lessons Learned From Neuroimaging Studies of Copy Number Variants: A Systematic Review. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:596-610. [PMID: 34509290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and aneuploidies alter gene dosage and are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Brain mechanisms mediating genetic risk for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown, but there is a rapid increase in morphometry studies of CNVs using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Studies have been conducted one mutation at a time, leaving the field with a complex catalog of brain alterations linked to different genomic loci. Our aim was to provide a systematic review of neuroimaging phenotypes across CNVs associated with developmental psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. We included 76 structural magnetic resonance imaging studies on 20 CNVs at the 15q11.2, 22q11.2, 1q21.1 distal, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, 7q11.23, 15q11-q13, and 22q13.33 (SHANK3) genomic loci as well as aneuploidies of chromosomes X, Y, and 21. Moderate to large effect sizes on global and regional brain morphometry are observed across all genomic loci, which is in line with levels of symptom severity reported for these variants. This is in stark contrast with the much milder neuroimaging effects observed in idiopathic psychiatric disorders. Data also suggest that CNVs have independent effects on global versus regional measures as well as on cortical surface versus thickness. Findings highlight a broad diversity of regional morphometry patterns across genomic loci. This heterogeneity of brain patterns provides insight into the weak effects reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of cognitive dimension and psychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging studies across many more variants will be required to understand links between gene function and brain morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3571, Department of Neuroscience, Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et Apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Modenato C, Kumar K, Moreau C, Martin-Brevet S, Huguet G, Schramm C, Jean-Louis M, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Douard E, Thébault-Dagher F, Côté V, Charlebois AR, Deguire F, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Richetin S, Melie-Garcia L, Kushan L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Chakravarty M, Bzdok D, Bearden CE, Draganski B, Jacquemont S. Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:399. [PMID: 34285187 PMCID: PMC8292542 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen's d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Clara Moreau
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Côté
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Florence Deguire
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurèlie Pain
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Applied Signal Processing Group (ASPG), Swiss Federal Institute Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ana I Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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6
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Sønderby IE, Gústafsson Ó, Doan NT, Hibar DP, Martin-Brevet S, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn N, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Bralten J, Brattbak HR, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Calhoun V, Caspers S, Cavalleri G, Chen CH, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Franke B, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe H, Groenewold NA, Haavik J, Håberg A, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Heinz A, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jernigan T, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jonsdottir GA, Jönsson EG, Kahn R, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kolskår KK, Kwok JB, Hellard SL, Leu C, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, Martin NG, Mather K, Mathias SR, McCormack M, McMahon KL, McRae A, Milaneschi Y, Moreau C, Morris D, Mothersill D, Mühleisen TW, Murray R, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff R, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx B, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Pudas S, Quinlan E, Quintana DS, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Reymond A, Richard G, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rokicki J, Rucker J, Sachdev P, Sanders AM, Sando SB, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sisodiya S, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Steinberg S, Strike L, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Turner J, Ueland T, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Haren NEM, Vaskinn A, Vassos E, Walters GB, Wang Y, Wen W, Whelan CD, Wittfeld K, Wright M, Yamamori H, Zayats T, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Jacquemont S, Djurovic S, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson P, Andreassen OA. Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:584-602. [PMID: 30283035 PMCID: PMC7042770 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of large recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The 16p11.2 distal CNV predisposes carriers to e.g., autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We compared subcortical brain volumes of 12 16p11.2 distal deletion and 12 duplication carriers to 6882 non-carriers from the large-scale brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging collaboration, ENIGMA-CNV. After stringent CNV calling procedures, and standardized FreeSurfer image analysis, we found negative dose-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (β = -0.71 to -1.37; P < 0.0005). In an independent sample, consistent results were obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (β = -0.95, P = 0.0042). The two data sets combined showed significant negative dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 × 10-6, 1.7 × 10-9, 3.5 × 10-12 and 1.0 × 10-4, respectively). Full scale IQ was lower in both deletion and duplication carriers compared to non-carriers. This is the first brain MRI study of the impact of the 16p11.2 distal CNV, and we demonstrate a specific effect on subcortical brain structures, suggesting a neuropathological pattern underlying the neurodevelopmental syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbak
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, Mexico
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Psychosis Studies, Insitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespingy Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University medical center, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6E, 6511, New Haven, Vaud, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 300 George Street, 6106, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charite, Humboldt University, Chariteplatz 1, 10017, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Child and adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus medical center-Sophia's Childerens hospitaal, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 8, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Terry Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:00, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd., 87106, Albuquerque, CT, USA
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan McRae
- Program in Complex Trait Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - David Mothersill
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Murray
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E Nordvik
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Center for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Linnéus väg 9, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatry Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Jarek Rokicki
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Rucker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Edvard Griegs gate 8, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, New Mexico, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Lachlan Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbu Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, TBH Francie van Zijl Avenue, 7500, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, 1 South Prospect Street, 5401, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margie Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Cárdenas-de-la-Parra A, Martin-Brevet S, Moreau C, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Fonov VS, Maillard AM, Zürcher NR, Hadjikhani N, Beckmann JS, Reymond A, Draganski B, Jacquemont S, Collins DL, Addor MC, Andrieux J, Arveiler B, Baujatm G, Sloan-Bénan F, Belfiore M, Bonneau D, Bouquillon S, Boute O, Brusco A, Busa T, Caberg JH, Campion D, Colombert V, Cordier MP, David A, Debray FG, Delrue MA, Doco-Fenzy M, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Edery P, Fagerberg C, Faivre L, Forzano F, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Giachino D, Guichet A, Guillin O, Héron D, Isidor B, Jacquette A, Jaillard S, Journel H, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lebon S, Le Caignec C, Lemaître MP, Lespinasse J, Mathieu-Dramart M, Mercier S, Mignot C, Missirian C, Petit F, Pilekær Sørensen K, Pinson L, Plessis G, Prieur F, Rooryck-Thambo C, Rossi M, Sanlaville D, Schlott Kristiansen B, Schluth-Bolard C, Till M, Van Haelst M, Van Maldergem L. Developmental trajectories of neuroanatomical alterations associated with the 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations. Neuroimage 2019; 203:116155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Marquis R, Muller S, Lorio S, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Melie-Garcia L, Kherif F, Lutti A, Draganski B. Spatial Resolution and Imaging Encoding fMRI Settings for Optimal Cortical and Subcortical Motor Somatotopy in the Human Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:571. [PMID: 31244595 PMCID: PMC6579882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much controversy about the optimal trade-off between blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) sensitivity and spatial precision in experiments on brain’s topology properties using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The sparse empirical evidence and regional specificity of these interactions pose a practical burden for the choice of imaging protocol parameters. Here, we test in a motor somatotopy experiment the impact of fMRI spatial resolution on differentiation between body part representations in cortex and subcortical structures. Motor somatotopy patterns were obtained in a block-design paradigm and visually cued movements of face, upper and lower limbs at 1.5, 2, and 3 mm spatial resolution. The degree of segregation of the body parts’ spatial representations was estimated using a pattern component model. In cortical areas, we observed the same level of segregation between somatotopy maps across all three resolutions. In subcortical areas the degree of effective similarity between spatial representations was significantly impacted by the image resolution. The 1.5 mm 3D EPI and 3 mm 2D EPI protocols led to higher segregation between motor representations compared to the 2 mm 3D EPI protocol. This finding could not be attributed to differential BOLD sensitivity or delineation of functional areas alone and suggests a crucial role of the image encoding scheme – i.e., 2D vs. 3D EPI. Our study contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence about the impact of acquisition protocols for the delineation of somatotopic areas in cortical and sub-cortical brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Marquis
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lage Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, MGH, Boston, MA, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sara Lorio
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Sensory-Motor Laboratory (SeMoLa), Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Hippolyte L, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Martin-Brevet S, Ferrari C, Conus P, Macé A, Hadjikhani N, Metspalu A, Reigo A, Kolk A, Männik K, Barker M, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, Mignot C, Schneider L, Mottron L, Keren B, David A, Doco-Fenzy M, Gérard M, Bernier R, Goin-Kochel RP, Hanson E, Green Snyder L, Ramus F, Beckmann JS, Draganski B, Reymond A, Jacquemont S. The Number of Genomic Copies at the 16p11.2 Locus Modulates Language, Verbal Memory, and Inhibition. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:129-139. [PMID: 26742926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions and duplications of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus are prevalent copy number variations (CNVs), highly associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Beyond language and global cognition, neuropsychological assessments of these two CNVs have not yet been reported. METHODS This study investigates the relationship between the number of genomic copies at the 16p11.2 locus and cognitive domains assessed in 62 deletion carriers, 44 duplication carriers, and 71 intrafamilial control subjects. RESULTS IQ is decreased in deletion and duplication carriers, but we demonstrate contrasting cognitive profiles in these reciprocal CNVs. Deletion carriers present with severe impairments of phonology and of inhibition skills beyond what is expected for their IQ level. In contrast, for verbal memory and phonology, the data may suggest that duplication carriers outperform intrafamilial control subjects with the same IQ level. This finding is reminiscent of special isolated skills as well as contrasting language performance observed in autism spectrum disorder. Some domains, such as visuospatial and working memory, are unaffected by the 16p11.2 locus beyond the effect of decreased IQ. Neuroimaging analyses reveal that measures of inhibition covary with neuroanatomic structures previously identified as sensitive to 16p11.2 CNVs. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous study of reciprocal CNVs suggests that the 16p11.2 genomic locus modulates specific cognitive skills according to the number of genomic copies. Further research is warranted to replicate these findings and elucidate the molecular mechanisms modulating these cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyse Hippolyte
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carina Ferrari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Macé
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Reigo
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Kolk
- United Laboratories, and Children's Clinic, Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Männik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne;Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mandy Barker
- CERY Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU-Nantes, Nantes; Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence "Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares" and Groupe de Recherche Clinique "Déficience intellectuelle et autisme", UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Schneider
- SUPEA, and Service of Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mottron
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal and Hôpital Rivière des Prairies, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU-Nantes, Nantes
| | | | - Marion Gérard
- Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris VII-Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robin P Goin-Kochel
- Department of Pediatrics, Psychology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ellen Hanson
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service de Génétique Médicale, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (BD), Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne;Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Maillard AM, Hippolyte L, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Chawner SJRA, Dremmel D, Agüera Z, Fagundo AB, Pain A, Martin-Brevet S, Hilbert A, Kurz S, Etienne R, Draganski B, Jimenez-Murcia S, Männik K, Metspalu A, Reigo A, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, David A, Mignot C, Keren B, van den Bree MBM, Munsch S, Fernandez-Aranda F, Beckmann JS, Reymond A, Jacquemont S. 16p11.2 Locus modulates response to satiety before the onset of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:870-6. [PMID: 26620891 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 600 kb BP4-BP5 copy number variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental conditions including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The number of genomic copies in this region is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI): the deletion is associated with a highly penetrant form of obesity (present in 50% of carriers by the age of 7 years and in 70% of adults), and the duplication with being underweight. Mechanisms underlying this energy imbalance remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate eating behavior, cognitive traits and their relationships with BMI in carriers of 16p11.2 CNVs. METHODS We assessed individuals carrying a 16p11.2 deletion or duplication and their intrafamilial controls using food-related behavior questionnaires and cognitive measures. We also compared these carriers with cohorts of individuals presenting with obesity, binge eating disorder or bulimia. RESULTS Response to satiety is gene dosage-dependent in pediatric CNV carriers. Altered satiety response is present in young deletion carriers before the onset of obesity. It remains altered in adolescent carriers and correlates with obesity. Adult deletion carriers exhibit eating behavior similar to that seen in a cohort of obesity without eating disorders such as bulimia or binge eating. None of the cognitive measures are associated with eating behavior or BMI. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abnormal satiety response is a strong contributor to the energy imbalance in 16p11.2 CNV carriers, and, akin to other genetic forms of obesity, altered satiety responsiveness in children precedes the increase in BMI observed later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Maillard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Hippolyte
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S J R A Chawner
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Dremmel
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Z Agüera
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A B Fagundo
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Pain
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Martin-Brevet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical SocCiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Kurz
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - R Etienne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Draganski
- LREN-Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Jimenez-Murcia
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Männik
- Estonian Genome Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Reigo
- Estonian Genome Center, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU-Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU-Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - A David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU-Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Mignot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris, France.,Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - B Keren
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Paris, France
| | | | - M B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Munsch
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - F Fernandez-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J S Beckmann
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Jacquemont
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Padrão G, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pérez Zapata L, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Exogenous capture of medial-frontal oscillatory mechanisms by unattended conflicting information. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:458-68. [PMID: 26151855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing debate in psychology and cognitive neuroscience concerns the way in which unattended information is processed and influences goal-directed behavior. Although selective attention allows us to filter out task-irrelevant information, there is a substantial number of unattended, yet relevant, events that must be evaluated in a flexible manner so that appropriate behaviors can succeed. Here we inspected the extent to which unattended conflicting visual information, which cannot be consciously identified, influences behavior and activates medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mechanisms of action-monitoring and regulation, traditionally associated with conscious control processes. To that end, we performed two experiments using a novel variant of the Eriksen flanker task in which spatial attention was manipulated, preventing the conscious identification of unattended visual events. The first behavioral experiment was conducted to validate the efficacy of the novel paradigm. In the second experiment, we evaluated electrophysiological correlates of mPFC activity (a frontocentral negative ERP component and medial-frontal theta oscillations) in response to attended and unattended conflicting events. The results of both experiments demonstrated that attended and unattended conflicting stimuli altered subjects' behavior in a similar fashion, i.e. slowing down their reaction times and increasing their error rates. Importantly, the results of the EEG experiment showed that unattended conflicting stimuli, similarly to attended conflicting stimuli, led to an increase in theta-related frontocentral ERP activity and medial-frontal theta power, irrespective of the degree of conscious representation of the sources of conflict. This study provides evidence that medial-frontal theta oscillations represent a neural mechanism through which the mPFC may suppress and regulate potentially inappropriate actions that are automatically triggered by conflicting environmental stimuli to which we are oblivious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Padrão
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-] IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08097, Spain
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Vision & Control of Action (VISCA) Group, Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Mundet, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez Zapata
- Vision & Control of Action (VISCA) Group, Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Mundet, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-] IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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12
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Gurtubay-Antolin A, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Rodríguez-Fornells A. The speed of object recognition from a haptic glance: event-related potential evidence. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3069-75. [PMID: 25744887 PMCID: PMC4455565 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00836.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of an object usually involves a wide range of sensory inputs. Accumulating evidence shows that first brain responses associated with the visual discrimination of objects emerge around 150 ms, but fewer studies have been devoted to measure the first neural signature of haptic recognition. To investigate the speed of haptic processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during a shape discrimination task without visual information. After a restricted exploratory procedure, participants (n = 27) were instructed to judge whether the touched object corresponded to an expected object whose name had been previously presented in a screen. We encountered that any incongruence between the presented word and the shape of the object evoked a frontocentral negativity starting at ∼175 ms. With the use of source analysis and L2 minimum-norm estimation, the neural sources of this differential activity were located in higher level somatosensory areas and prefrontal regions involved in error monitoring and cognitive control. Our findings reveal that the somatosensory system is able to complete an amount of haptic processing substantial enough to trigger conflict-related responses in medial and prefrontal cortices in <200 ms. The present results show that our haptic system is a fast recognition device closely interlinked with error- and conflict-monitoring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Gurtubay-Antolin
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Rodriguez-Herreros B, de Grave D, Lopez-Moliner J, Brenner E, Smeets J. Shifted visual feedback of the hand affects perceived reachability of moving objects. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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