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Francis ME, Jansen EB, Yourkowski A, Selim A, Swan CL, MacPhee BK, Thivierge B, Buchanan R, Lavender KJ, Darbellay J, Rogers MB, Lew J, Gerdts V, Falzarano D, Skowronski DM, Sjaarda C, Kelvin AA. Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5990. [PMID: 37752151 PMCID: PMC10522707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants and seasonal coronaviruses continue to cause disease and coronaviruses in the animal reservoir pose a constant spillover threat. Importantly, understanding of how previous infection may influence future exposures, especially in the context of seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants, is still limited. Here we adopted a step-wise experimental approach to examine the primary immune response and subsequent immune recall toward antigenically distinct coronaviruses using male Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were initially inoculated with seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, or HCoV-OC43), or SARS-CoV-2 pango B lineage virus, then challenged with SARS-CoV-2 pango B lineage virus, or SARS-CoV-2 variants Beta or Omicron. Although infection with seasonal coronaviruses offered little protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, HCoV-NL63-infected animals had an increase of the previously elicited HCoV-NL63-specific neutralizing antibodies during challenge with SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, primary infection with HCoV-OC43 induced distinct T cell gene signatures. Gene expression profiling indicated interferon responses and germinal center reactions to be induced during more similar primary infection-challenge combinations while signatures of increased inflammation as well as suppression of the antiviral response were observed following antigenically distant viral challenges. This work characterizes and analyzes seasonal coronaviruses effect on SARS-CoV-2 secondary infection and the findings are important for pan-coronavirus vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magen E Francis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ethan B Jansen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anthony Yourkowski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alaa Selim
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cynthia L Swan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brian K MacPhee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brittany Thivierge
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rachelle Buchanan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kerry J Lavender
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joseph Darbellay
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Matthew B Rogers
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Lew
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Immunization Programs and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Service, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin Sjaarda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (Q-GLO), Ongwanada Resource Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alyson A Kelvin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization VIDO, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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