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Lin Z, Zhao X, Wang C, Dong Q, Qian J, Zhang G, Brozena AH, Wang X, He S, Ping W, Chen G, Pei Y, Zheng C, Clifford BC, Hong M, Wu Y, Yang B, Luo J, Albertus P, Hu L. Rapid Pressureless Sintering of Glasses. Small 2022; 18:e2107951. [PMID: 35355404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silica glasses have wide applications in industrial fields due to their extraordinary properties, such as high transparency, low thermal expansion coefficient, and high hardness. However, current methods of fabricating silica glass generally require long thermal treatment time (up to hours) and complex setups, leading to high cost and slow manufacturing speed. Herein, to obtain high-quality glasses using a facile and rapid method, an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) technique is reported that requires no additional pressure. Using UHS, silica precursors can be densified in seconds due to the large heating rate (up to 102 K s-1 ) of closely placed carbon heaters. The typical sintering time is as short as ≈10 s, ≈1-3 orders of magnitude faster than other methods. The sintered glasses exhibit relative densities of > 98% and high visible transmittances of ≈90%. The powder-based sintering process also allows rapid doping of metal ions to fabricate colored glasses. The UHS is further extended to sinter other functional glasses such as indium tin oxide (ITO)-doped silica glass, and other transparent ceramics such as Gd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet. This study demonstrates an UHS proof-of-concept for the rapid fabrication of high-quality glass and opens an avenue toward rapid discovery of transparent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xinpeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ji Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Guangran Zhang
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, New York, 14802, USA
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xizheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shuaiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Weiwei Ping
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chaolun Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bryson Callie Clifford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yiquan Wu
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, New York, 14802, USA
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of NanoEngineering, Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Paul Albertus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Kong W, Chen C, Chen G, Wang C, Liu D, Das S, Chen G, Li T, Li J, Liu Y, Li Z, Clifford BC, Hu L. Wood Ionic Cable. Small 2021; 17:e2008200. [PMID: 34496143 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of good stability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength is attractive for bio-related material applications, but it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve these properties in a single, ionically conductive material. Here a "wood" ionic cable, made of aligned wood nanofibrils, demonstrating a combination of biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, and excellent stability is reported. The wood ionic cable possesses excellent flexibility and exhibits high tensile strength up to 260 MPa (in the dry state) and ≈80 MPa (in the wet state). The nanochannels within the highly aligned cellulose nanofibrils and the presence of negative charges on the surfaces of these nanochannels, originating from the cellulose hydroxyl groups, provide new opportunities for ion regulation at low salt concentrations. Ion regulation in turn enables the wood ionic cable to have unique nanofluidic ionic behaviors. The Na+ ion conductivity of the wood ionic cable can reach up to ≈1.5 × 10-4 S cm-1 at low Na+ ion concentration (1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 ), which is an order of magnitude higher than that of bulk NaCl solution at the same concentration. The scalable, biocompatible wood ionic cable enables novel ionic device designs for potential ion-regulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gegu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhihan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bryson Callie Clifford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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