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Peixoto CC, Cabral CS, Fonseca MEN, Boiteux LS, Reis A. Species diversity, novel interactions and absence of well-supported host-guided phylogenetic groupings of Neotropical Alternaria isolates causing foliar lesions in Solanaceae. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2466-2487. [PMID: 33891782 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the characterization of 120 Alternaria isolates inducing early blight-like foliar lesions in nine species of five Solanaceae genera collected across all macrogeographical Brazilian regions. MATERIAL AND RESULTS Phylogenetic relationships were assessed via analyses of the Alternaria alternata allergenic protein-coding, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the calmodulin gene sequences. Most of the tomato isolates were placed into the Alternaria linariae cluster, whereas most of the potato isolates were grouped with Alternaria grandis. Novel host-pathogen interactions were also reported. Seventeen isolates were selected for morphometrical characterization, and a subsample of 13 isolates was employed in pathogenicity assays on tomato, potato, eggplant, scarlet eggplant, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Physalis angulata and Nicotiana tabacum. Eleven isolates were able to induce foliar lesions in tomatoes but none in C. annuum. Potato was susceptible to a subgroup of isolates but displayed a subset of isolate-specific interactions. Morphological traits were in overall agreement with molecular and host range data. CONCLUSION Alternaria linariae and A. grandis were confirmed as the major causal agents of tomato and potato early blight, respectively. However other Alternaria species are also involved with early blight in solanaceous hosts in Brazil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The diversity and host-specific patterns of the Alternaria isolates from Solanaceae may have practical implications in establishing effective early blight genetic resistance and cultural management strategies especially for tomato and potato crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Peixoto
- Área de Fitossanidade, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - C S Cabral
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - M E N Fonseca
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - L S Boiteux
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Área de Fitossanidade, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.,National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Gonçalves AM, Cabral CS, Reis A, Fonseca MEN, Costa H, Ribeiro FHS, Boiteux LS. A three-decade survey of Brazilian Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races assessed by pathogenicity tests on differential tomato accessions and by molecular markers. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:873-884. [PMID: 33306250 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Physiological race determination of 143 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) isolates collected along 30 years in major tomato-producing regions of Brazil. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Physiological races were determined via root-dipping inoculation of differential tomato accessions and by the PCR-based marker system of Hirano and Arie (2006). According to pathogenicity/virulence assays, five race 1, 23 race 2 and 115 race 3 isolates were identified. FOL race 1 and 2 isolates prevailed up to early 2000s. Afterwards, the large majority of the isolates was classified as the invasive race 3. Novel reports of race 3 were done in five states, thus expanding its geographical distribution. Using this PCR-based marker system, a precise discrimination was observed for all race 3 isolates. However, all race 1 and 2 isolates displayed only the cosmopolitan race 1-specific amplicon pattern. CONCLUSION The development and/or validation of novel race-specific marker systems are necessary to allow a precise discrimination of the potentially endemic Brazilian FOL race 2. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present characterization of isolates indicates that distinct evolutionary mechanisms are acting to select new FOL races and/or genetic variants across agroecosystems around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - C S Cabral
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M E N Fonseca
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - H Costa
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), Venda Nova do Imigrante-ES, Brazil
| | - F H S Ribeiro
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - L S Boiteux
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília-DF, Brazil.,National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Bastos WR, Dórea JG, Lacerda LD, Almeida R, Costa-Junior WA, Baía CC, Sousa-Filho IF, Sousa EA, Oliveira IAS, Cabral CS, Manzatto AG, Carvalho DP, Ribeiro KAN, Malm O. Dynamics of Hg and MeHg in the Madeira River basin (Western Amazon) before and after impoundment of a run-of-river hydroelectric dam. Environ Res 2020; 189:109896. [PMID: 32979999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a hydroelectric run-of-river (RoR) dam construction on the dynamics of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) is of interest to the environment and health of human and wild life. We monitored (May 2010 to October 2018) THg and MeHg in the waters and in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Madeira River and its tributaries (before and after dam construction) to evaluate changes upstream and downstream from the Santo Antonio Hydroelectric Dam (SAHD). We collected 2826 samples of water and SPM at sampling stations upstream (UPMD-01, UPMD-02 and UPMD-03) and downstream the Madeira River (DWMD-04, DWMD-05 and DWMD-06), and Tributaries upstream (Branco River, Jaci-Parana River, Jatuarana-I Igarapé, Contra River, Caripunas Igarapé, Ceara Igarapé, and Teotonio Igarapé) and downstream (Jatuarana-II Igarapé and Belmont Igarapé) from the SAHD and monitored water and the total load of SPM. SPM was significantly higher in the Madeira River (median: 178.63 mg.L-1) than in upstream and downstream tributaries (median: 15.30 mg.L-1); however, the THg and MeHg concentrations were significantly higher in the tributaries (median: 161.14 ng g-1 and 9.03 ng g-1, respectively) than in the mainstream Madeira River (median = 57.06 ng g-1 and 1.63 ng g-1, respectively). THg concentration in the water was significantly higher in the mainstream Madeira River (median = 6.51 ng.L-1) than in the tributaries (median = 2.57 ng.L-1). However, the percentage of methylation in the tributaries (median = 4.9%) was 4-times higher than in the Madeira River (median: 1.3%). The significantly higher MeHg percentages in the tributaries may indicate natural (hydro-bio-geochemical factors) still predominant in this changing landscape of the Western Amazon. So far, the data suggest that this RoR has not yet impacted the THg and MeHg concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderley R Bastos
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - José G Dórea
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz D Lacerda
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Almeida
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Ambientais, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Célia C Baía
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Izidro F Sousa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Sousa
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | - Cássio S Cabral
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Angelo G Manzatto
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental WCP, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Dario P Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Santo Antônio Energia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Olaf Malm
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cabral CS, Sanson AL, Afonso RJCF, Chernicharo CAL, Araújo JC. Impact of microaeration bioreactor on dissolved sulfide and methane removal from real UASB effluent for sewage treatment. Water Sci Technol 2020; 81:1951-1960. [PMID: 32666948 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two bioreactors were investigated as an alternative for the post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, aiming at dissolved sulfide and methane removal. The bioreactors (R-control and R-air) were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 6 and 3 h) with or without aeration. Large sulfide and methane removal efficiencies were achieved by the microaerated reactor at HRT of 6 h. At this HRT, sulfide removal efficiencies were equal to 61% and 79%, and methane removal efficiencies were 31% and 55% for R-control and R-air, respectively. At an HRT of 3 h, sulfide removal efficiencies were 22% (R-control) and 33% (R-air) and methane removal did not occur. The complete oxidation of sulfide, with sulfate formation, prevailed in both phases and bioreactors. However, elemental sulfur formation was more predominant at an HRT of 6 h than at an HRT of 3 h. Taken together, the results show that post-treatment improved the anaerobic effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand and solids removal. However, ammoniacal nitrogen was not removed due to either the low concentration of air provided or the absence of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cabral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6.627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil E-mail:
| | - A L Sanson
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - R J C F Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - C A L Chernicharo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6.627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J C Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6.627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil E-mail:
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Barboza EA, Cabral CS, Gonçalves AM, Reis A, Fonseca MEN, Boiteux LS. Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 Infecting Tomatoes in Northeast Brazil. Plant Dis 2013; 97:422. [PMID: 30722370 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-12-0779-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The three races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) are important tomato pathogens throughout the world, causing severe economic losses (1). In Brazil, races 1 and 2 are widespread, but the current geographic distribution of race 3 is restricted to the mild climate areas of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States in the southeast region (2,3). Here we report the spread of FOL race 3 to the warm northeast region of Brazil. Plants in commercial fields of the hybrid 'Alambra' (resistant to FOL races 1 and 2) were found displaying chlorosis, vascular browning, and wilt symptoms in Jaguaquara County, Bahia State, Brazil. Disease incidence ranged from 10 to 50%. The virulence profile of six isolates obtained from three distinct tomato-producing fields was investigated by root-dipping inoculation (106 conidia/ml) of 21-day-old seedlings from a set of FOL race differential accessions: 'Ponderosa' (susceptible to all races), 'IPA-5' (FOL race 1 resistance; I-1 locus); 'Alambra' and 'Floradade' (FOL races 1 and 2 resistance; I-2 gene), and Solanum pennellii 'LA 716' (resistant to all three races; I-3 locus). All six isolates were able to induce severe wilt symptoms in 100% of the plants from all lines but S. pennellii 'LA 716'. FOL race 3 identity was confirmed via PCR assays employing a specific set of primers that are able to discriminate all the three FOL races as well as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici isolates (1). Total DNA was extracted from pure fungal colonies growing in agar medium. The typical FOL race 3 amplicon profiles (i.e. positive for the primers uni, sp13, and sp23 and negative for the primer sprl) were observed only in the six FOL 3 isolates from Bahia as well as in five reference isolates of race 3 (previously obtained from tomato in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro States), thus confirming their race identities. This recent, fast, and wide geographic expansion of the FOL race 3 in Brazil suggests that the pathogen has been introduced into new tomato producing areas via either contaminated seeds or seedlings. Because of the complexity of establishing effective chemical and cultural control strategies, these epidemics caused by FOL race 3 in distinct areas of Brazil might cause the replacement of the currently grown susceptible hybrids by resistant ones. References: (1) Y. Hirano and T. Arie. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 72:273, 2006; (2) A. Reis et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 30:426, 2005; (3) A. Reis and L. S. Boiteux. Hort. Bras. 25:451, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Barboza
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Dept. Fitopatologia,70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - C S Cabral
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Dept. Fitopatologia,70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - A M Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Dept. Fitopatologia,70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Embrapa Hortaliças (CNPH), CP 218, 70359-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M E N Fonseca
- Embrapa Hortaliças (CNPH), CP 218, 70359-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - L S Boiteux
- Embrapa Hortaliças (CNPH), CP 218, 70359-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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