Bioequivalence of two lansoprazole delayed release capsules 30 mg in healthy male volunteers under fasting, fed and fasting-applesauce conditions: a partial replicate crossover study design to estimate the pharmacokinetics of highly variable drugs

An open-label, 2-treatment, 3-sequence, 3-period, single-dose, partial replicate crossover studies under fasting (n=48), fed (n=60) and fasting-applesauce (n=48) (sprinkled on one table spoonful of applesauce) modalities were conducted in healthy adult male volunteers to evaluate bioequivalence between 2 formulations of lansoprazole delayed release capsules 30 mg. In all the 3 studies, as per randomization, either test or reference formulations were administered in a crossover manner with a required washout period of at least 7 days. Blood samples were collected adequately (0-24 h) to determine lansoprazole plasma concentrations using a validated LC-MS/MS analytical method. To characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Tmax, Kel and T1/2) of lansoprazole, non-compartmental analysis and ANOVA was applied on ln-transformed values. The bioequivalence was tested based on within-subject variability of the reference formulation. In fasting and fed studies (within-subject variability>30%) bioequivalence was evaluated with scaled average bioequivalence, hence for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞, the 95% upper confidence bound for (μT-μR)2-θσ2 WR was ≤0, and the point estimates (test-to-reference ratio) were within the regulatory acceptance limit 80.00-125.00%. In fasting-applesauce study (within-subject variability<30%) bioequivalence was evaluated with average bioequivalence, the 90% CI of ln-transformed data of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were within the regulatory acceptance limit 80.00-125.00%. Based on these aforesaid statistical inferences, it was concluded that the test formulation is bioequivalent to reference formulation.

Bioequivalence study of two subcutaneous formulations of dalteparin: randomized, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period, cross-over study in healthy volunteers

Objective

This study assessed relative bioavailability of a new subcutaneous formulation, test (T) (dalteparin sodium 95000 IU/3.8 mL) with the branded product (R) in healthy subjects to meet the regulatory requirements of bioequivalence in the US.

Methods

This was an open label, randomized, single dose, two-sequence, two-period cross-over study under fasting conditions. A total of 88 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to either of the treatment arms (T or R) separated by a washout period of 7 days. Pharmacodynamic surrogates, namely anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity, heparin clotting assay (heptest), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were used as a tool to establish bioequivalence between these two formulations. Blood samples were collected up to 36 h post-dose to characterize the primary pharmacokinetic parameters A_max, AUC_0–t, and AUC_0–∞ for anti-Xa and anti-IIa and heptest; parameters (Δt )_max and AU(Δt ) for aPTT.

Results

For anti-Xa activity, the means (SD) of A_max (IU/mL) were 1.34 (0.25) [range = 0.59–2.03] and 1.39 (0.35) [range = 0.65–2.69]; AUC_0–t (IU•h/mL) values were 11.4 (2.76) [range = 2.89–19.5] and 12.1 (2.87) [range = 2.52–21.30]; AUC_0–∞ (IU•h/mL) values were 13.1 (3.59) [range = 3.15–28.2] and 14.5 (4.97) [range = 2.79–36.1] for test and branded formulations, respectively. For anti-IIa activity, the means (SD) of A_max (IU/mL) were 0.34 (0.12) [range = 0.14–0.72] and 0.34 (0.13) [range = 0.11–0.84]; AUC_0–t (IU•h/mL) values were 2.05 (0.72) [range = 0.61–4.69] and 2.11 (0.76) [range = 0.84–4.80]; AUC_0–∞ (IU•h/mL) values were 2.47 (0.80) [range = 0.76–6.29] and 2.61 (0.86) [range = 1.31–5.36], for test and branded formulations, respectively. The 90% CI for all the primary pharmacokinetic parameters of all the pharmacodynamic surrogates tested met the regulatory bioequivalence criterion of 80.00–125.00%.

Conclusion

The test product met the US regulatory criteria of bioequivalence relative to the branded product in this single dose bioequivalence study. Study limitations include open-label single dose design.