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Spiekermann G, Sahle CJ, Niskanen J, Gilmore K, Petitgirard S, Sternemann C, Tse JS, Murakami M. Sensitivity of the Kβ″ X-ray Emission Line to Coordination Changes in GeO 2 and TiO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1848-1853. [PMID: 36779679 PMCID: PMC9940287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hard X-ray Kβ″ emission line shows sensitivity with respect to a wide range of cation-ligand coordination, which we investigate in the cases of GeO2 and TiO2 on the basis of ab initio spectral calculations on amorphous and crystalline structures. In compressed amorphous GeO2, the sampling of a large number of instantaneous coordination polyhedra from an ab initio molecular dynamics trajectory reveals that the functional relation between the Kβ″ shift and coordination is close to linear between 4-fold and 7-fold coordination. A similar sensitivity of the Kβ″ emission line exists in the coordination range between six and nine of crystalline high-pressure TiO2 polymorphs. Our results demonstrate the potential of the Kβ″ emission line in research on the structure of amorphous oxide material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ch. J. Sahle
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Turku, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - K. Gilmore
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt
Universität zu Berlin, Zum grossen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - C. Sternemann
- Technische
Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Strasse 2, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. S. Tse
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - M. Murakami
- ETH
Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Großerüschkamp F, Schörner S, Kraeft AL, Schuhmacher D, Sternemann C, Jütte H, Feder I, Wisser S, Lugnier C, Overheu O, Arnold D, Teschendorf C, Mueller L, Uhl W, Timmesfeld N, Mosig A, Reinacher-Schick A, Gerwert K, Tannapfel A. 385O Automated detection of microsatellite status in early colon cancer (CC) using artificial intelligence (AI) integrated infrared (IR) imaging on unstained samples from the AIO ColoPredictPlus 2.0 (CPP) registry study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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3
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Wieland F, Bocharova V, Münzner P, Hiller W, Sakrowski R, Sternemann C, Böhmer R, Sokolov AP, Gainaru C. Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034903. [PMID: 31325936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Büning T, Lueg J, Bolle J, Sternemann C, Gainaru C, Tolan M, Böhmer R. Connecting structurally and dynamically detected signatures of supramolecular Debye liquids. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:234501. [PMID: 29272922 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The monohydroxy alcohol 2-ethyl-1-hexanol mixed with the halogen-substituted alkyl halides 2-ethyl-1-hexyl chloride and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl bromide was studied using synchrotron-based x-ray scattering. In the diffraction patterns, an oxygen-related prepeak appears. The concentration dependence of its intensity, shape, and position indicates that the formation of the hydrogen-bonded associates of monohydroxy alcohols is largely hindered by the halogen alkane admixture. Using dielectric spectroscopy and high-resolution rheology on the same liquid mixtures, it is shown that these structural features are correlated with the relaxation mechanisms giving rise to supramolecular low-frequency dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Büning
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Lueg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Bolle
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Tiemeyer S, Bombeck M, Göhring H, Paulus M, Sternemann C, Nase J, Wirkert FJ, Möller J, Büning T, Seeck OH, Reuter D, Wieck AD, Bayer M, Tolan M. Polaron-induced lattice distortion of (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots by optically excited carriers. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:425702. [PMID: 27622774 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on a high resolution x-ray diffraction study unveiling the effect of carriers optically injected into (In,Ga)As quantum dots on the surrounding GaAs crystal matrix. We find a tetragonal lattice expansion with enhanced elongation along the [001] crystal axis that is superimposed on an isotropic lattice extension. The isotropic contribution arises from excitation induced lattice heating as confirmed by temperature dependent reference studies. The tetragonal expansion on the femtometer scale is tentatively attributed to polaron formation by carriers trapped in the quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiemeyer
- Fakultät Physik / DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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6
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Tillmann W, Hagen L, Hoffmann F, Dildrop M, Wibbeke A, Schöppner V, Resonnek V, Pohl M, Krumm C, Tiller JC, Paulus M, Sternemann C. The detachment behavior of polycarbonate on thin films above the glass transition temperature. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Tillmann
- Institute of Materials Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - L. Hagen
- Institute of Materials Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - F. Hoffmann
- Institute of Materials Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - M. Dildrop
- Institute of Materials Engineering; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - A. Wibbeke
- Polymer Engineering Paderborn-Polymer Engineering; University of Paderborn; Paderborn Germany
| | - V. Schöppner
- Polymer Engineering Paderborn-Polymer Engineering; University of Paderborn; Paderborn Germany
| | - V. Resonnek
- Polymer Engineering Paderborn-Polymer Engineering; University of Paderborn; Paderborn Germany
| | - M. Pohl
- Polymer Engineering Paderborn-Polymer Engineering; University of Paderborn; Paderborn Germany
| | - C. Krumm
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - J. C. Tiller
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - M. Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
| | - C. Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA; TU Dortmund University; Dortmund Germany
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7
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Bierwirth SP, Büning T, Gainaru C, Sternemann C, Tolan M, Böhmer R. Supramolecular x-ray signature of susceptibility amplification in hydrogen-bonded liquids. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:052807. [PMID: 25493834 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.052807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mixing two nonconducting hydrogen-bonded liquids, each exhibiting a low dielectric relaxation strength, can result in a highly electrically absorbing fluid. This susceptibility amplification effect is demonstrated for mixtures of monohydroxy alcohols. Whereas in the pure liquids a tendency to form ringlike low-dipole moment clusters prevails, in the mixtures such supramolecular structures are disfavored leading to an up to tenfold enhancement of the dielectric loss. The compositional evolution of density and mean cluster-cluster separation is traced using x-ray scattering and indicates deviations from ideal mixing with decreased C-C but simultaneously increased O-O correlation lengths. Thus, the variation in the supramolecular absorption strength could be tracked using a static scattering technique. These observations are in harmony with volume exclusion and ring open effects that predict an optimized susceptibility amplification for mixtures in which the two components occupy equal volume fractions as experimentally observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Bierwirth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Büning
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Nyrow A, Sternemann C, Sahle CJ, Hohl A, Zschintzsch-Dias M, Schwamberger A, Mende K, Brinkmann I, Moretti Sala M, Wagner R, Meier A, Völklein F, Tolan M. Structural changes in amorphous Ge(x)SiO(y) on the way to nanocrystal formation. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:165701. [PMID: 23535465 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/16/165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Temperature induced changes of the local chemical structure of bulk amorphous GexSiOy are studied by Ge K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and Si L2/3-edge x-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy. Different processes are revealed which lead to formation of Ge regions embedded in a Si oxide matrix due to different initial structures of as-prepared samples, depending on their Ge/Si/O ratio and temperature treatment, eventually resulting in the occurrence of nanocrystals. Here, disproportionation of GeOx and SiOx regions and/or reduction of Ge oxides by pure Si or by a surrounding Si sub-oxide matrix can be employed to tune the size of Ge nanocrystals along with the chemical composition of the embedding matrix. This is important for the optimization of the electronic and luminescent properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyrow
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany.
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9
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Sternemann C, Sahle CJ, Mende K, Schmidt C, Nyrow A, Simonelli L, Sala MM, Tolan M, Wilke M. X-ray Raman scattering: An exciting tool for the study of matter at conditions of the Earth's interior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/20/202011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Mishra D, Benitez MJ, Petracic O, Badini Confalonieri GA, Szary P, Brüssing F, Theis-Bröhl K, Devishvili A, Vorobiev A, Konovalov O, Paulus M, Sternemann C, Toperverg BP, Zabel H. Self-assembled iron oxide nanoparticle multilayer: x-ray and polarized neutron reflectivity. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:055707. [PMID: 22236964 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the structure and magnetism of self-assembled, 20 nm diameter iron oxide nanoparticles covered by an oleic acid shell for scrutinizing their structural and magnetic correlations. The nanoparticles were spin-coated on an Si substrate as a single monolayer and as a stack of 5 ML forming a multilayer. X-ray scattering (reflectivity and grazing incidence small-angle scattering) confirms high in-plane hexagonal correlation and a good layering property of the nanoparticles. Using polarized neutron reflectivity we have also determined the long range magnetic correlations parallel and perpendicular to the layers in addition to the structural ones. In a field of 5 kOe we determine a magnetization value of about 80% of the saturation value. At remanence the global magnetization is close to zero. However, polarized neutron reflectivity reveals the existence of regions in which magnetic moments of nanoparticles are well aligned, while losing order over longer distances. These findings confirm that in the nanoparticle assembly the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is rather strong, dominating the collective magnetic properties at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mishra
- Institute for Experimental Condensed Matter Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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11
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Sternemann C. X-ray Raman scattering: a probe of soft X-ray absorption edges using hard X-rays. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308094944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Sternemann H, Sternemann C, Seidler GT, Fister TT, Sakko A, Tolan M. An extraction algorithm for core-level excitations in non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra. J Synchrotron Radiat 2008; 15:162-169. [PMID: 18296783 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049508001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of core electrons is a prominent tool for studying site-selective, i.e. momentum-transfer-dependent, shallow absorption edges of liquids and samples under extreme conditions. A bottleneck of the analysis of such spectra is the appropriate subtraction of the underlying background owing to valence and core electron excitations. This background exhibits a strong momentum-transfer dependence ranging from plasmon and particle-hole pair excitations to Compton scattering of core and valence electrons. In this work an algorithm to extract the absorption edges of interest from the superimposed background for a wide range of momentum transfers is presented and discussed for two examples, silicon and the compound silicondioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Maria-Göppert-Mayer-Strasse 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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14
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Sternemann C, Huotari S, Vankó G, Volmer M, Monaco G, Gusarov A, Lustfeld H, Sturm K, Schülke W. Correlation-induced double-plasmon excitation in simple metals studied by inelastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:157401. [PMID: 16241758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new type of peaklike structure observed in the tail of the dynamic structure factor of simple metals, measured by inelastic x-ray scattering. Based on the momentum-transfer dependence of the energy position and the intensity of this structure, it has been unambiguously attributed to intrinsic plasmon-plasmon excitations, an electronic correlation effect that was theoretically predicted by many-body perturbation theory of the homogeneous-electron-gas model beyond the random-phase approximation. This signature appears to be largely unaffected by electron-ion interaction effects. Thus a structure that is primarily caused by correlation effects in the electron gas has been found experimentally in the dynamic structure factor of simple metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sternemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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