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Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. Am J Chin Med 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Goh CBS, Goh CHP, Wong LW, Cheng WT, Yule CM, Ong KS, Lee SM, Pasbakhsh P, Tan JBL. A three-dimensional (3D) printing approach to fabricate an isolation chip for high throughput in situ cultivation of environmental microbes. Lab Chip 2022; 22:387-402. [PMID: 34935836 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00723h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The full plethora of environmental bacteria is often poorly represented in vitro as the majority remain difficult, if not impossible, to culture under standard laboratory settings. These bacteria often require native conditions for the formation of cell masses that collectively have higher chances of survival. With that, a 3D-printed version of the isolation chip (iChip) was used to cultivate bacteria from a tropical peat swamp in situ prior to growth and maintenance in vitro. Briefly, plates made from either acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), or epoxy resin were tested in terms of their usability and durability under acidic conditions similar to those of peat matter. The epoxy resin plates were then found to be most optimal for the sampling conditions. Peat soil samples were collected from the base of a Koompassia malaccensis tree and reconstituted in molten 10% (wt/vol) tryptone soy agar (TSA) prior to inoculation. The iChips were subsequently assembled and buried in the site of origin. As a comparison, bacteria from the same soil sample were cultivated directly on TSA and incubated at 28 °C for two weeks. Thereafter, agar plugs from the iChip were transferred to TSA plates to allow microcolonies within each plug to grow. Each pure isolate from both cultivation approaches that grew was then pooled and extracted for total DNA prior to 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing via Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomic abundance comparison revealed that the bacterial taxa at the level of order were significantly different between the two approaches, particularly in the orders, Burkholderiales, Xanthomonodales, Enterobacteriales, and Actinomycetales (differences of 12.0, 7.1, 8.0, and 4.2%, respectively). This indicated that the 3D-printed iChips present a possible low-cost tool for the isolation of bacterial genera that may not be able to grow on media directly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia
| | - Clariss Hui Peng Goh
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia
| | - Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
| | - Wai Teng Cheng
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
| | - Catherine Mary Yule
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Kuan Shion Ong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia
| | - Pooria Pasbakhsh
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia.
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Malaysia
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Huët MAL, Muzahid NH, Lee CZ, Goh CBS, Dwiyanto J, Rahman S, Tan JBL. Molecular typing of multi-drug resistant Candida albicans isolated from the Segamat community, Malaysia. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2351-2356. [PMID: 34235705 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, researchers have focused on the emergence of drug resistance in fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, also considered as pathobionts that occur harmlessly in the human body but could potentially be triggered to cause diseases. The increasing rate of antifungal resistance in commensal gut fungi is alarming and should be further investigated. Here, we report seven novel MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing) genotypes of multi-drug resistant C. albicans isolates obtained from participants of a community study in Segamat, a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia. A total of eight C. albicans were isolated from four individuals, which were found to express high resistance against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and 5-fluorocytosine antifungals. MLST was performed to assess the clonal relatedness of these drug resistant isolates among themselves and against other strains isolated from other geographical regions. The novel MLST C. albicans sequence types suggest significant genetic changes compared to previous genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazmul Hasan Muzahid
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuen Zhang Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jacky Dwiyanto
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Huët MAL, Wong LW, Goh CBS, Hussain MH, Muzahid NH, Dwiyanto J, Lee SWH, Ayub Q, Reidpath D, Lee SM, Rahman S, Tan JBL. Investigation of culturable human gut mycobiota from the segamat community in Johor, Malaysia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:113. [PMID: 34101035 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have already been carried out in investigating the general profile of the gut mycobiome across several countries, there has yet to be an officially established baseline of a healthy human gut mycobiome, to the best of our knowledge. Microbial composition within the gastrointestinal tract differ across individuals worldwide, and most human gut fungi studies concentrate specifically on individuals from developed countries or diseased cohorts. The present study is the first culture-dependent community study assessing the prevalence and diversity of gut fungi among different ethnic groups from South East Asia. Samples were obtained from a multi-ethnic semi-rural community from Segamat in southern Malaysia. Faecal samples were screened for culturable fungi and questionnaire data analysis was performed. Culturable fungi were present in 45% of the participants' stool samples. Ethnicity had an impact on fungal prevalence and density in stool samples. The prevalence of resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and 5-fluorocytosine, from the Segamat community, were 14%, 14%, 11% and 7% respectively. It was found that Jakun individuals had lower levels of antifungal resistance irrespective of the drug tested, and male participants had more fluconazole resistant yeast in their stool samples. Two novel point mutations were identified in the ERG11 gene from one azole resistant Candida glabrata, suggesting a possible cause of the occurrence of antifungal resistant isolates in the participant's faecal sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Md Hamed Hussain
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Jacky Dwiyanto
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Qasim Ayub
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Genomics Facility, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Reidpath
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,The South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. .,Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Goh CBS, Wong LW, Parimannan S, Rajandas H, Loke S, Croft L, Yule CM, Pasbakhsh P, Lee SM, Tan JBL. Chitinophaga extrema sp. nov., isolated from subsurface soil and leaf litter in a tropical peat swamp forest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:6355-6363. [PMID: 33146596 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, filamentous aerobic bacterium designated as strain Mgbs1T was isolated on 12 April 2017 from the subsurface soil and leaf litter substrate at the base of a Koompassia malaccensis tree in a tropical peat swamp forest in the northern regions of the state of Selangor, Malaysia (3° 39' 04.7' N 101° 17' 43.7'' E). Phylogenetic analyses based on the full 16S rRNA sequence revealed that strain Mgbs1T belongs to the genus Chitinophaga with the greatest sequence similarity to Chitinophaga terrae KP01T (97.65 %), Chitinophaga jiangningensis DSM27406T (97.58 %), and Chitinophaga dinghuensis DHOC24T (97.17 %). The major fatty acids of strain Mgbs1T (>10 %) are iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH while the predominant respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7. Strain Mgbs1T has a complete genome size of 8.03 Mb, with a G+C content of 48.5 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) score between strain Mgbs1T and C. jiangningensis DSM27406T was 15.9 %, while in silico DDH values of strain Mgbs1T against C. dinghuensis DHOC24T and C. terrae KP01T were 20.0 and 19.10% respectively. Concurrently, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) scores between strain Mgbs1T against all three reference strains are 73.2 %. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic consensus, strain Mgbs1T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga extrema sp. nov. is proposed (=DSM 108835T=JCM 33276T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivachandran Parimannan
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Heera Rajandas
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Stella Loke
- Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Lawrence Croft
- Deakin Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Catherine Mary Yule
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Pooria Pasbakhsh
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wong LW, Ong KS, Khoo JR, Goh CBS, Hor JW, Lee SM. Human intestinal parasitic infection: a narrative review on global prevalence and epidemiological insights on preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for future perspectives. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1093-1105. [PMID: 32755242 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1806711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) is a global health concern among socioeconomically deprived communities in many developing countries. Many preventative strategies have been deployed to control IPI, however, there is a lack in standards on the techniques used to diagnose and monitor the prevalence of IPI. AREAS COVERED The present article will review the diseases associated with IPI and discuss the current IPI control strategies such as the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approach, and regular anthelminthic treatments. For the first time, this review will also evaluate all currently practised diagnostic techniques for the detection of intestinal parasites and provide insights on future IPI control strategies. EXPERT OPINION Advanced and improved diagnostic methods such as qPCR coupled with a high-resolution melting curve, aptamers, biosensors, and detection of extracellular vesicles can be used for detection of IPI. Vaccination against intestinal parasites can be made available to increase antibodies to interfere with the blood-feeding process by the parasites, which subsequently reduces the reproductive rates of the parasites. These methods collectively can serve as future management strategies for intestinal parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shion Ong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jun Rong Khoo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jia Wei Hor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia , Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Makaremi M, Yousefi H, Cavallaro G, Lazzara G, Goh CBS, Lee SM, Solouk A, Pasbakhsh P. Safely Dissolvable and Healable Active Packaging Films Based on Alginate and Pectin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101594. [PMID: 31569482 PMCID: PMC6836245 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive usage of long-lasting petroleum based plastics for short-lived application such as packaging has raised concerns regarding their role in environmental pollution. In this research, we have developed active, healable, and safely dissolvable alginate-pectin based biocomposites that have potential applications in food packaging. The morphological study revealed the rough surface of these biocomposite films. Tensile properties indicated that the fabricated samples have mechanical properties in the range of commercially available packaging films while possessing excellent healing efficiency. Biocomposite films exhibited higher hydrophobicity properties compared to neat alginate films. Thermal analysis indicated that crosslinked biocomposite samples possess higher thermal stability in temperatures below 120 °C, while antibacterial analysis against E. coli and S. aureus revealed the antibacterial properties of the prepared samples against different bacteria. The fabricated biodegradable multi-functional biocomposite films possess various imperative properties, making them ideal for utilization as packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziyar Makaremi
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Hosnieh Yousefi
- Biomedical Engineering faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Pooria Pasbakhsh
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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