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Formisano E, Proietti E, Borgarelli C, Sukkar SG, Albertelli M, Boschetti M, Pisciotta L. The impact of overweight on lipid phenotype in different forms of dyslipidemia: a retrospective cohort study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02368-5. [PMID: 38605186 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in increasing cardiovascular risk. In clinical practice the misleading association between altered lipid profile and obesity is common, therefore genetically inherited dyslipidemias may not completely be addressed among patients with overweight. Thus, we aim to investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on the lipid phenotype in a cohort of patients with different forms of dyslipidemia. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with dyslipidemia from 2015 to 2022. Patients were stratified in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), non-familial hyperlipidemia or polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH). Clinical characteristics and lipid profile were evaluated. RESULTS Of the total of 798 patients, 361 were affected by non-familial hyperlipidemia (45.2%), while FCHL, FH and PH was described in 19.9%, 14.0% and 20.9% of patients, respectively. Overweight prevalence was higher in FCHL and non-familial hyperlipidemia patients than FH and PH patients. Subjects with overweight and obesity were independently associated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to patients with normal weight (52.4 and 46.0 vs 58.1, respectively; p < 0.0001); levels of triglycerides (TG) and non-HDL-C were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than patients with normal weight (257.3 and 290.9 vs 194.8, and 221.5 and 219.6 vs 210.1, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between patients with overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION While dyslipidemias can be influenced by various factors, an important determinant may lie in genetics, frequently acting as an underlying cause of altered lipid profiles, even in cases of overweight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Formisano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Proietti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Borgarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S G Sukkar
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Boschetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Kordnezhadian R, Zogu A, Borgarelli C, Van Lommel R, Demaerel J, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. De-risking S-F bond formation:A gas cylinder-free strategy to access S(IV) and S(VI) fluorinated compounds. Chemistry 2023:e202300361. [PMID: 36917696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-fluorine partnership occupies a privileged position in fluorine chemistry given the functional versatility that it imparts to organic structures. Despite this, available methodologies to forge S-F bonds are limited compared to C-F bond formation. Here, we describe a synthetic protocol that selectively enables the oxidative halogenation of aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic thiols to their corresponding SF4Cl, SO2F and SF3 derivatives. Selective oxidation of thiols to either S(IV)-F or S(VI)-F compounds is achieved by employing bench-stable calcium hypochlorite as chlorine surrogate (CLOgen), in the presence of KF as fluoride source. DFT calculations provided insight into the mechanistic aspects of the transformation and rationalized the observed isomeric preference towards the SF4Cl derivatives. Ultimately, this glovebox-free method selectively dispatches three classes of compounds upon reaction condition fine-tuning. Furthermore, first-in-class transformations are reported, including the preparation of aliphatic SF4Cl intermediates, their transformation into aliphatic sulfur pentafluoride analogs, and post-transformations that allow accessing highly complex SF4-bridged scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kordnezhadian
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, celestijnenlaan200F, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Armir Zogu
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, celestijnenlaan200F, box 2404, room 01.133, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Carlotta Borgarelli
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, celestijnenlaan200F, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, celestijnenlaan200F, 3001, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, Box2404, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- CIC biomaGUNE, Molecular and Functional Biomarkers, Paseo Miramon 182, 200F, 20014, San Sebastian, SPAIN
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Borgarelli C, Klingl YE, Escamilla‐Ayala A, Munck S, Van Den Bosch L, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. Frontispiece: Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202183461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Borgarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F – box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yvonne E. Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla‐Ayala
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 – box 602 Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F – box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F – box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Borgarelli C, Klingl YE, Escamilla-Ayala A, Munck S, Van Den Bosch L, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins. Chemistry 2021; 27:8605-8641. [PMID: 33733502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins' life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Borgarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla-Ayala
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Sukkar SG, Gallo F, Borrini C, Vaccaro A, Marchello C, Boicelli R, Borgarelli C, Solari P, Ratto CE, Ravera G. Effects of a new mixture of essential amino acids (Aminotrofic(®)) in malnourished haemodialysis patients. Med J Nutrition Metab 2012; 5:259-266. [PMID: 23227299 PMCID: PMC3514698 DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the clinical efficacy of a diet associated with already commercially available oral amino acid functional cluster (AFC) compared to the administration of a diet associated with a nitrogen protein-based supplement (casein) in antagonizing malnutrition in patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing haemodialysis. The secondary aim was to assess the changes in protein levels during the acute phase such as the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Twenty patients in haemodialysis aged between 18 and 85 of both genders (13 m, 7f) were recruited, randomized and divided into two groups and treated for 4 months respectively with: (1) oral AFC supplement (*)8 g/die: group A, and (2) oral supplementation of a protein nitrogenous mixture compared to AFC with a casein protein source) of 6.6 g: group P. During the initial assessment and thereafter on a monthly basis all patients underwent the following: Dietary recall 24 h; Anthropometric: Weight, height, BMI, expected dry weight, actual weight; Biochemical: Albumin, transferrin, Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, long-interval creatinine (Aminotrofic(®): Errekappa Euroterapici, Milano) pre-albumin, α1 acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein (CRP), protein nitrogen appearance (PNA); Instrumental: Handgrip strength evaluation, Calorimetry by means of Armband, Bio-impedance analysis (BIA), Spitzer Index (quality of life), Subjective Global Assessment Generated by the patient (PG SGA). Considering the nutritional parameters, no significant differences concerning dry weight emerged between the beginning (T0) and the end (T4) (weight A to T0: kg 64.41 ± 6.34; weight A to T4: kg 64.51 ± 7.05: P = NS; weight P to T0: kg 60.17 ± 11.94; weight P to T4: kg 59.86 ± 11.43: P = NS); biochemical parameters, significant differences were observed only for two parameters: pre-albumin (Pre-albumin A to T0 30.12 ± 7.23; Pre-albumin A to T4: 28.91 ± 5.8; Pre-albumin P to T0 22.51 ± 6.04; Pre-albumin P to T4: 26.10 ± 9.82), and Transferrin (Transferrin A to T0 171.77 ± 28.87 mg/dL, Transferrin A to T4: 181.44 ± 38.83 mg/dL: P < 0.005; Transferrin P to T0 160.29 ± 27.46 mg/dL, Transferrin P to T4: 146.57 ± 24.96 mg/dL: P < 0.005), but not in other parameters. From a nutritional perspective, after 4 months of treatment an increase in protein synthesis was noted in group A compared to group P which was proved by the significant increase of transferrin. This pilot study suggests the AFC oral supplementation may represent a valid alternative to intradialytic parenteral treatment and may also allow for an improvement in blood chemical values and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Sukkar
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - F. Gallo
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borrini
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Vaccaro
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Marchello
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Boicelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borgarelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Solari
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. E. Ratto
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Ravera
- Istituto di Statistica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Genoa, Italy
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Sukkar S, Gallo F, Borrini C, Vaccaro A, Marchello C, Boicelli R, Borgarelli C, Solari P, Ratto CE, Ravera G. Effects of a new mixture of essential amino acids (Aminotrofic®) in malnourished haemodialysis patients. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012. [DOI: 10.3233/s12349-012-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.G. Sukkar
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - F. Gallo
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borrini
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - A. Vaccaro
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, IRCSS Az, Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino IST di Genova, Genoa, Italy. e-mail:
| | - C. Marchello
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Boicelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Borgarelli
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Solari
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - C. E. Ratto
- U.O. di Nefrologia, ASL4 Sestri Levante, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Ravera
- Istituto di Statistica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Genoa, Italy
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