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Ibanez L, Bahena JA, Yang C, Dube U, Farias FHG, Budde JP, Bergmann K, Brenner-Webster C, Morris JC, Perrin RJ, Cairns NJ, O'Donnell J, Álvarez I, Diez-Fairen M, Aguilar M, Miller R, Davis AA, Pastor P, Kotzbauer P, Campbell MC, Perlmutter JS, Rhinn H, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Functional genomic analyses uncover APOE-mediated regulation of brain and cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid levels in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:196. [PMID: 33213513 PMCID: PMC7678051 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. However, genetic modifiers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein levels remain unknown. The use of CSF levels of amyloid beta1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 as quantitative traits in genetic studies have provided novel insights into Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. A systematic study of the genomic architecture of CSF biomarkers in Parkinson's disease has not yet been conducted. Here, genome-wide association studies of CSF biomarker levels in a cohort of individuals with Parkinson's disease and controls (N = 1960) were performed. PD cases exhibited significantly lower CSF biomarker levels compared to controls. A SNP, proxy for APOE ε4, was associated with CSF amyloid beta1-42 levels (effect = - 0.5, p = 9.2 × 10-19). No genome-wide loci associated with CSF alpha-synuclein, total tau, or phosphorylated tau181 levels were identified in PD cohorts. Polygenic risk score constructed using the latest Parkinson's disease risk meta-analysis were associated with Parkinson's disease status (p = 0.035) and the genomic architecture of CSF amyloid beta1-42 (R2 = 2.29%; p = 2.5 × 10-11). Individuals with higher polygenic risk scores for PD risk presented with lower CSF amyloid beta1-42 levels (p = 7.3 × 10-04). Two-sample Mendelian Randomization revealed that CSF amyloid beta1-42 plays a role in Parkinson's disease (p = 1.4 × 10-05) and age at onset (p = 7.6 × 10-06), an effect mainly mediated by variants in the APOE locus. In a subset of PD samples, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with significantly lower levels of CSF amyloid beta1-42 (p = 3.8 × 10-06), higher mean cortical binding potentials (p = 5.8 × 10-08), and higher Braak amyloid beta score (p = 4.4 × 10-04). Together these results from high-throughput and hypothesis-free approaches converge on a genetic link between Parkinson's disease, CSF amyloid beta1-42, and APOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jorge A Bahena
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chengran Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carol Brenner-Webster
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - John O'Donnell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Kotzbauer
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, Programs in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, Programs in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Herve Rhinn
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alector, INC, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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