1
|
Gutsche R, Lowis C, Ziemons K, Kocher M, Ceccon G, Régio Brambilla C, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Galldiks N, Isensee F, Lohmann P. Automated Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation for Treatment Response Assessment Using Amino Acid PET. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1594-1602. [PMID: 37562802 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) changes using amino acid PET has become an important tool for response assessment in brain tumor patients. MTV is usually determined by manual or semiautomatic delineation, which is laborious and may be prone to intra- and interobserver variability. The goal of our study was to develop a method for automated MTV segmentation and to evaluate its performance for response assessment in patients with gliomas. Methods: In total, 699 amino acid PET scans using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) from 555 brain tumor patients at initial diagnosis or during follow-up were retrospectively evaluated (mainly glioma patients, 76%). 18F-FET PET MTVs were segmented semiautomatically by experienced readers. An artificial neural network (no new U-Net) was configured on 476 scans from 399 patients, and the network performance was evaluated on a test dataset including 223 scans from 156 patients. Surface and volumetric Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) were used to evaluate segmentation quality. Finally, the network was applied to a recently published 18F-FET PET study on response assessment in glioblastoma patients treated with adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy for a fully automated response assessment in comparison to an experienced physician. Results: In the test dataset, 92% of lesions with increased uptake (n = 189) and 85% of lesions with iso- or hypometabolic uptake (n = 33) were correctly identified (F1 score, 92%). Single lesions with a contiguous uptake had the highest DSC, followed by lesions with heterogeneous, noncontiguous uptake and multifocal lesions (surface DSC: 0.96, 0.93, and 0.81 respectively; volume DSC: 0.83, 0.77, and 0.67, respectively). Change in MTV, as detected by the automated segmentation, was a significant determinant of disease-free and overall survival, in agreement with the physician's assessment. Conclusion: Our deep learning-based 18F-FET PET segmentation allows reliable, robust, and fully automated evaluation of MTV in brain tumor patients and demonstrates clinical value for automated response assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gutsche
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Lowis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
| | - Karl Ziemons
- Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Juelich, Germany
| | - Martin Kocher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Garry Ceccon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cláudia Régio Brambilla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Isensee
- Applied Computer Vision Lab, Helmholtz Imaging, Heidelberg, Germany; and
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molinnus D, Beging S, Lowis C, Schöning MJ. Towards a Multi-Enzyme Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor by Comparative Study of Drop-Coating and Nano-Spotting Technique. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20174924. [PMID: 32878210 PMCID: PMC7506612 DOI: 10.3390/s20174924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme immobilization onto a capacitive field-effect biosensor by nano-spotting technique is presented. The nano-spotting technique allows to immobilize different enzymes simultaneously on the sensor surface with high spatial resolution without additional photolithographical patterning. The amount of applied enzymatic cocktail on the sensor surface can be tailored. Capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors with Ta2O5 as pH-sensitive transducer layer have been chosen to immobilize the three different (pL droplets) enzymes penicillinase, urease, and glucose oxidase. Nano-spotting immobilization is compared to conventional drop-coating method by defining different geometrical layouts on the sensor surface (fully, half-, and quarter-spotted). The drop diameter is varying between 84 µm and 102 µm, depending on the number of applied drops (1 to 4) per spot. For multi-analyte detection, penicillinase and urease are simultaneously nano-spotted on the EIS sensor. Sensor characterization was performed by C/V (capacitance/voltage) and ConCap (constant capacitance) measurements. Average penicillin, glucose, and urea sensitivities for the spotted enzymes were 81.7 mV/dec, 40.5 mV/dec, and 68.9 mV/dec, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Stefan Beging
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Carsten Lowis
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (D.M.); (S.B.); (C.L.)
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain an insight into children's views about food and nutrition. DESIGN Data were collected in focus group discussions; two focus group sessions were undertaken with each school group. SETTING A total of 11 postprimary schools in Northern Ireland and England. SUBJECTS In all, 106 children aged 11-12-y-old (n = 52 boys, n = 54 girls). RESULTS Focus group transcripts were analysed using qualitative research methodology. Major barriers to healthy eating were taste, appearance of food, filling power, time/effort, cost, choice/availability, risk, rebellion, and body image/weight concerns. The main difference between sexes was in terms of motivating factors for eating well; girls tended to focus primarily on their appearance whereas boys appeared to be more influenced by sport. There was some mention of balance and variety within the focus group discussions, however, in practice, the children had a tendency to categorise foods as either 'good' or 'bad', 'healthy' or 'unhealthy'. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed a number of barriers to, and motivations for, healthy eating, which should be taken into account when planning nutrition intervention strategies aimed at children moving into adolescence. While it may be possible to immediately attempt to address some of the barriers identified in this study, for example, in nutrition education initiatives, other barriers (such as the lack of available, attractive and affordable healthy foods in the school canteen) will prove more difficult to tackle without changes at the policy level. Overall, it appears that health promotion specialists have a major challenge ahead in order to encourage this age group to view healthy eating as an attractive and achievable behaviour. SPONSORSHIP Food Standards Agency, London, UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C McKinley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Flatulence can cause discomfort and distress but there are few published data of normal patterns and volumes. Twenty four hour collections were made using a rectal catheter in 10 normal volunteers taking their normal diet plus 200 g baked beans. Total daily volume ranged from 476 to 1491 ml (median 705 ml). Women and men (both n = 5) expelled equivalent amounts. The median daily flatus hydrogen volume was 361 ml/24 h (range 42-1060) and the carbon dioxide volume 68 ml/24 h (range 25-116), three volunteers produced methane (3, 26, and 120 ml/24 h), and the remaining unidentified gas (presumably nitrogen) or gases contributed a median 213 ml/24 h (range 61-476). Larger volumes of flatus were produced after meals than at other times. Flatus produced at a faster rate tended to contain more fermentation gases. Flatus was produced during the sleeping period, but the rate was significantly lower than the daytime rate (median 16 and 34 ml/h respectively). Ingestion of a 'fibre free' diet (Fortisip) for 48 hours significantly reduced the total volume collected in 24 hours (median 214 ml/24 h), reduced the carbon dioxide volume (median 6 ml/24 h), and practically eradicated hydrogen production. The volume of unidentified gas was not significantly affected (median 207 ml/24 h). Thus fermentation gases make the highest contribution to normal flatus volume. A 'fibre free' diet eliminates these without changing residual gas release of around 200 ml/24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tomlin
- Sub-department of Human Gastrointestinal Physiology and Nutrition, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
| | | | | |
Collapse
|