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Chacon-Cruz E, Martinez-Longoria CA, Llausas-Magana E, Luevanos-Velazquez A, Vazquez-Narvaez JA, Beltran S, Limon-Rojas AE, Urtiz-Jeronimo F, Castaneda-Narvaez JL, Otero-Mendoza F, Aguilar-Del Real F, Rodriguez-Chagoyan J, Rivas-Landeros RM, Volker-Soberanes ML, Hinojosa-Robles RM, Arzate-Barbosa P, Aviles-Benitez LK, Elenes-Zamora FI, Becka CM, Ruttimann R. Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae as leading causes of pediatric bacterial meningitis in nine Mexican hospitals following 3 years of active surveillance. Ther Adv Vaccines 2016; 4:15-9. [PMID: 27551428 DOI: 10.1177/2051013616650158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meningococcal meningitis is reported as a rare condition in Mexico. There are no internationally published studies on bacterial causes of meningitis in the country based on active surveillance. This study focuses on finding the etiology of bacterial meningitis in children from nine Mexican Hospitals. METHODS From January 2010 to February 2013, we conducted a three years of active surveillance for meningitis in nine hospitals throughout Mexico. Active surveillance started at the emergency department for every suspected case, and microbiological studies confirmed/ruled out all potentially bacterial pathogens. We diagnosed based on routine cultures from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (not polymerase chain reaction or other molecular diagnostic tests), and both pneumococcal serotyping and meningococcal serogrouping by using standard methods. RESULTS Neisseria meningitidis was the leading cause, although 75% of cases occurred in the northwest of the country in Tijuana on the US border. Serogroup C was predominant. Streptococcus pneumoniae followed Neisseria meningitides, but was uniformly distributed throughout the country. Serotype 19A was the most incident but before universal implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Other bacteria were much less common, including Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus agalactiae (these two affecting mostly young infants). CONCLUSIONS Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in Tijuana, Mexico, and vaccination should be seriously considered in that region. Continuous universal vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should be nationally performed, and polymerase chain reaction should be included for bacterial detection in all cultures - negative but presumably bacterial meningitis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Chacon-Cruz
- Hospital General de Tijuana, Paseo Centario S/N, Zona del Rio, Tijuana, 22010, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Llausas-Magana
- Hospital Pediatrico de Sinaloa 'Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico,' Culiacan, Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sandra Beltran
- Hospital General 'Dr. Rafael Pascacio Gamboa,' Tuxtla Gutierrez Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chandra M Becka
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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