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Axten JM, Medina JR, Blackledge CW, Duquenne C, Grant SW, Bobko MA, Peng T, Miller WH, Pinckney T, Gallagher TF, Kulkarni S, Lewandowski T, Van Aller GS, Zonis R, Ward P, Campobasso N. Acylprolinamides: a new class of peptide deformylase inhibitors with in vivo antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4028-32. [PMID: 22579486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of PDF inhibitor with potent, broad spectrum antibacterial activity is described. Optimization of blood stability and potency provided compounds with improved pharmacokinetics that were suitable for in vivo experiments. Compound 5c, which has robust antibacterial activity, demonstrated efficacy in two respiratory tract infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Axten
- Infectious Diseases Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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Medina JR, Becker CJ, Blackledge CW, Duquenne C, Feng Y, Grant SW, Heerding D, Li WH, Miller WH, Romeril SP, Scherzer D, Shu A, Bobko MA, Chadderton AR, Dumble M, Gardiner CM, Gilbert S, Liu Q, Rabindran SK, Sudakin V, Xiang H, Brady PG, Campobasso N, Ward P, Axten JM. Structure-based design of potent and selective 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1871-95. [PMID: 21341675 DOI: 10.1021/jm101527u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1(PDK1) is a master regulator of the AGC family of kinases and an integral component of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. As this pathway is among the most commonly deregulated across all cancers, a selective inhibitor of PDK1 might have utility as an anticancer agent. Herein we describe our lead optimization of compound 1 toward highly potent and selective PDK1 inhibitors via a structure-based design strategy. The most potent and selective inhibitors demonstrated submicromolar activity as measured by inhibition of phosphorylation of PDK1 substrates as well as antiproliferative activity against a subset of AML cell lines. In addition, reduction of phosphorylation of PDK1 substrates was demonstrated in vivo in mice bearing OCl-AML2 xenografts. These observations demonstrate the utility of these molecules as tools to further delineate the biology of PDK1 and the potential pharmacological uses of a PDK1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R Medina
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States.
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Medina JR, Blackledge CW, Heerding DA, Campobasso N, Ward P, Briand J, Wright L, Axten JM. Aminoindazole PDK1 Inhibitors: A Case Study in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:439-42. [PMID: 24900229 DOI: 10.1021/ml100136n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment screening of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) in a biochemical kinase assay afforded hits that were characterized and prioritized based on ligand efficiency and binding interactions with PDK1 as determined by NMR. Subsequent crystallography and follow-up screening led to the discovery of aminoindazole 19, a potent leadlike PDK1 inhibitor with high ligand efficiency. Well-defined structure-activity relationships and protein crystallography provide a basis for further elaboration and optimization of 19 as a PDK1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R. Medina
- Oncology Research, Signal Transduction DPU Medicinal Chemistry
| | | | | | - Nino Campobasso
- Molecular Discovery Research, Computational and Structural Chemistry
| | - Paris Ward
- Molecular Discovery Research, Computational and Structural Chemistry
| | | | - Lois Wright
- Molecular Discovery Research, Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Abstract
Cyanide, a well-known toxic substance that could be used as a weapon of mass destruction, is likely responsible for a substantial percentage of smoke inhalation deaths. The vitamin B(12) precursor cobinamide binds cyanide with high affinity, changing color and, correspondingly, its spectrophotometric spectrum in the ultraviolet/visible light range. Based on these spectral changes, we developed a new facile method to measure cyanide in blood using cobinamide. The limit of detection was 0.25 nmol, while the limit of quantitation was approximately 0.5 nmol. The method was reliable, requires minimal equipment, and correlated well with a previously established method. Moreover, we adapted it for rapid qualitative assessment of cyanide concentration, which could be used in the field to identify cyanide-poisoned subjects for immediate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Blackledge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 93093-0652
| | | | - Alexa Griesel
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0230
| | - Sari B. Mahon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 93093-0652
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 93093-0652
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LaPorte MG, Draper TL, Miller LE, Blackledge CW, Leister LK, Amparo E, Hussey AR, Young DC, Chunduru SK, Benetatos CA, Rhodes G, Gopalsamy A, Herbertz T, Burns CJ, Condon SM. The discovery and structure–activity relationships of pyrano[3,4-b]indole based inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2968-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ralph JM, Faitg TH, Silva DJ, Feng Y, Blackledge CW, Adams JL. Two convenient regioselective syntheses of 1-N-alkyl-3-aryl-4-[pyrimidin-4-yl]-pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Medina JR, Blackledge CW, Erhard KF, Axten JM, Miller WH. Benzyl 2-Cyano-3,3-Dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, a Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of 3,3-Dimethylproline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3946-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7027163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus R. Medina
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Charles W. Blackledge
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Karl F. Erhard
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jeffrey M. Axten
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - William H. Miller
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
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Blackledge CW, Szarko JM, Dupont A, Chan GH, Read EL, Leone SR. Zinc oxide nanorod growth on gold islands prepared by microsphere lithography on silicon and quartz. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007; 7:3336-3339. [PMID: 18019171 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold islands, vapor deposited on silicon and quartz by microsphere lithography patterning, are used to nucleate arrays of ZnO nanorods. ZnO is grown on approximately 0.32 microm2 Au islands by carbothermal reduction in a tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive atomic X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirm that the gold effectively controls the sites of nucleation of ZnO. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that approximately 30 nm diameter nanorods grow horizontally, along the surface. Alloy droplets that are characteristic of the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism are observed at the tips of the nanorods. The spatial growth direction of VLS catalyzed ZnO nanorods is along the substrate when they nucleate from gold islands on silicon and quartz. The energy of adhesion of the VLS droplet to the surface can account for the horizontal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Blackledge
- Department of Chemistry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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