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Di Martino DD, Soldavini CM, Rossi G, Lonardoni MC, Tinè G, Caneschi A, D’Ambrosi F, Ferrazzi E. The sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio in Patients Affected by Gestational Diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010054. [PMID: 36676978 PMCID: PMC9866868 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low values of the ratio of plasmatic soluble blocking factor FMS-like tyrosine Kinase 1 and placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) are required for an adequate placental angiogenesis and function. It has been shown that patients affected by gestational diabetes (GD) and patients with pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2 are characterized by an increased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sFlt-1-PlGF ratio in pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 and GD. We compared the plasmatic sFlt-1/PlGF ratio among the following groups of pregnant women: COVID-19, GD patients; COVID-19, non-GD patients; non-COVID-19, GD patients; and non-COVID-19, non-GD controls. We enrolled 62 women in the present study, who were divided as follows: 14 COVID-19, GD patients; 12 COVID-19, non-GD patients; 11 non-COVID-19, GD patients; and 25 non-COVID-19, non-GD controls. The COVID-19, GD patients presented a higher pre-pregnancy BMI, a higher prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as a co-morbidity, and an increased need for medication for their diabetes. Neonatal data were similar between the groups. The controls showed a significantly lower sFlt-1/PlGF ratio compared to pregnancies complicated by GD and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher in patients affected by both GD and SARS-CoV-2 infection; these subjects were characterized by a greater incidence of obesity and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Denis Di Martino
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Maria Soldavini
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lonardoni
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tinè
- Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Agnese Caneschi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Ambrosi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Soldavini CM, Di Martino D, Sabattini E, Ornaghi S, Sterpi V, Erra R, Invernizzi F, Tine' G, Giardini V, Vergani P, Ossola MW, Ferrazzi E. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients affected by COVID-19. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 27:103-109. [PMID: 34998223 PMCID: PMC8653398 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To analyze soluble Fms-like tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) ratio concentrations in COVID-19 pregnant patients with and without Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), compared with non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and a control group. Study design We recruited and obtained a complete follow-up of 19 COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and of 24 COVID-19 normotensive pregnant patients. Demographic, clinical and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio findings were compared with a group of 185 non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and 41 non COVID normotensive patients. Findings were based on univariate analysis and on a multivariate adjusted model, and a case by case analysis of COVID-19 pregnant patients with an abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 38 at recruitment. Main outcome measures sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Results We confirmed a significant higher prevalence of HDP in women affected by COVID-19 compared to control population. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was found high in HDP patients, with and without of Sars-Cov2 infection. COVID-19 patients with worse evolution of the disease showed greater rates of obesity and other comorbidities. sFlt/PlGF ratio proved not to be helpful in the differential diagnosis of the severity of this infection. Conclusions COVID-19 pregnant patients showed a higher prevalence of HDP compared to non COVID-19 controls, as well as higher comorbidity rates. In spite of the possible common endothelial target and damage, between Sars-Cov-2 infection and HDP, the sFlt1/PlGF ratio did not correlate with the severity of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Soldavini
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Martino
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sabattini
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ornaghi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Sterpi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Erra
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Invernizzi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tine'
- Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Giardini
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vergani
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Manuela Wally Ossola
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman Child and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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D'Ambrosi F, Rossi G, Soldavini CM, Maggi V, Cetera GE, Carbone IF, Di Martino D, Di Maso M, Ferrazzi E. Management of gestational diabetes in women with a concurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, experience of a single center in Northern Italy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 152:335-338. [PMID: 33099770 PMCID: PMC9087777 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this study we describe the management of women with gestational diabetes (GD) and an ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can further complicate pregnancies, and if the protocol we usually use for GD pregnancies is also applicable to patients who have contracted a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods This is a retrospective study analyzing all pregnant women with GD and concomitant COVID‐19 admitted to our institution for antenatal care between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Results Among pregnant women with GD and a concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the mean age was 32.9 (SD 5.6) years. Two patients (33%) were of white racial origin and four (67%) were of non‐white racial origin. All patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the third trimester of pregnancy. Two women were asymptomatic and four were symptomatic. Only two (33.3%) women received treatment with insulin. None of the patients required intensive care or mechanical ventilation. No complications were found among the neonates. Conclusion COVID‐19 was not found to worsen the prognosis of patients with GD or of their offspring. Glycemic monitoring, diet therapy, and insulin, when needed, are sufficient for good metabolic control and favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosi
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Soldavini
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Maggi
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Emily Cetera
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilma Floriana Carbone
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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D'Ambrosi F, Ronzoni L, Villa R, De Marinis S, Cetera GE, Soldavini CM, Ferrazzi E. Ultrasound 2-D and 3-D diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in a 21-week-old fetus. J Ultrasound 2020; 25:301-304. [PMID: 32557407 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a rare genetic multisystem disorder with an estimated prevalence between 1 per 100,000-125,000 live births. Diagnosis is usually clinical and subsequent to birth. In fact, the rarity of the syndrome and the presence of aspecific morphologic anomalies make prenatal diagnosis challenging. The aim of our work is to analyze ultrasonographic findings, detectable with a combination of 2D and 3D techniques, which may increase the sensitivity of in utero diagnosis of this condition. We report a case of a sonographic prenatal diagnosis of broad and angulated thumbs and halluces and of an abnormal ductus venosus at 21 weeks of gestational age. These findings allowed us to suspect Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. An accurate ultrasonographic examination may allow a prenatal diagnosis of those syndromes which are usually diagnosed after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Department of Medical Genetic Unit "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Villa
- Department of Medical Genetic Unit "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano De Marinis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Emily Cetera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Soldavini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "L. Mangiagalli", Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda"- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, EU, Italy
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