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Marttila P, Bonagas N, Chalkiadaki C, Stigsdotter H, Schelzig K, Shen J, Farhat CM, Hondema A, Albers J, Wiita E, Rasti A, Warpman Berglund U, Slipicevic A, Mortusewicz O, Helleday T. The one-carbon metabolic enzyme MTHFD2 promotes resection and homologous recombination after ionizing radiation. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38533616 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The one-carbon metabolism enzyme bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is among the most overexpressed proteins across tumors and is widely recognized as a promising anticancer target. While MTHFD2 is mainly described as a mitochondrial protein, a new nuclear function is emerging. Here, we observe that nuclear MTHFD2 protein levels and association with chromatin increase following ionizing radiation (IR) in an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)- and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-dependent manner. Furthermore, repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is delayed upon MTHFD2 knockdown, suggesting a role for MTHFD2 in DSB repair. In support of this, we observe impaired recruitment of replication protein A (RPA), reduced resection, decreased IR-induced DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) levels and impaired homologous recombination (HR) activity in MTHFD2-depleted cells following IR. In conclusion, we identify a key role for MTHFD2 in HR repair and describe an interdependency between MTHFD2 and HR proficiency that could potentially be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marttila
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadilly Bonagas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hannah Stigsdotter
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Korbinian Schelzig
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jianyu Shen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Crystal M Farhat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amber Hondema
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Julian Albers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- One-carbon Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
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Karzi V, Ozcagli E, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kalliantasi A, Chalkiadaki C, Alegakis A, Stivaktakis P, Karzi A, Makrigiannakis A, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. DNA Damage Estimation after Chronic and Combined Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: An In Vivo Real-Life Risk Simulation Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9989. [PMID: 37373136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances has always been a matter of concern for the scientific community. During the last few years, researchers have been focusing on studying the effects resulting from combined exposure to different substances. In this study, we aimed to determine the DNA damage caused after chronic and combined exposure to substances characterized as endocrine disruptors using comet and micronuclei assays, specifically glyphosate (pure and commercial form), bisphenol A, parabens (methyl-, propyl- and butylparaben), triclosan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The highest mean tail intensity was observed in the group exposed to a high-dose (10 × ADI) mixture of substances (Group 3), with a mean value of 11.97 (11.26-13.90), while statistically significant differences were noticed between the groups exposed to low-dose (1 × ADI) (Group 2) and high-dose (10 × ADI) (Group 3) mixtures of substances (p = 0.003), and between Group 3 and both groups exposed to high doses (10 × ADI) of the pure and commercial forms of glyphosate (Groups 4 (p = 0.014) and 5 (p = 0.007)). The micronuclei assay results were moderately correlated with the exposure period. Group 5 was the most impacted exposure group at all sampling times, with mean MN counts ranging between 28.75 ± 1.71 and 60.75 ± 1.71, followed by Group 3 (18.25 ± 1.50-45.75 ± 1.71), showing that commercial forms of glyphosate additives as well as mixtures of endocrine disruptors can enhance MN formation. All exposure groups showed statistically significant differences in micronuclei counts with an increasing time trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Okamoto K, Song C, Wang H, Sakaguchi M, Chalkiadaki C, Miyazaki N, Nabeshima T, Morita K, Inoue S, Murata K. Structure and its transformation of elliptical nege-like virus Tanay virus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37309998 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Negeviruses that infect insects are recently identified virus species that are phylogenetically related to several plant viruses. They exhibit a unique virion structure, an elliptical core with a short projection. Negeviruses encode two structural proteins, a glycoprotein that forms a short projection, and an envelope protein that forms an elliptical core. The glycoprotein has been reported only in the negeviruses' genes, and not in phylogenetically related plant viruses' genes. In this report, we first describe the three-dimensional electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Tanay virus (TANAV), one of the nege-like viruses. TANAV particle demonstrates a periodical envelope structure consisting of three layers surrounding the centred viral RNA. The elliptical core dynamically changes its shape under acidic and even low detergent conditions to form bullet-like or tubular shapes. The further cryo-EM studies on these transformed TANAV particles reveal their overall structural rearrangement. These findings suggest putative geometries of TANAV and its transformation in the life cycle, and the potential importance of the short projection for enabling cell entry to the insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Okamoto
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS), Aichi, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living System (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Tokyo, Japan
- Present address: Core Research Facility, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Wang
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miako Sakaguchi
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS), Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabeshima
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS), Aichi, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living System (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Tokyo, Japan
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Green AC, Marttila P, Kiweler N, Chalkiadaki C, Wiita E, Cookson V, Lesur A, Eiden K, Bernardin F, Vallin KSA, Borhade S, Long M, Ghahe EK, Jiménez-Alonso JJ, Jemth AS, Loseva O, Mortusewicz O, Meyers M, Viry E, Johansson AI, Hodek O, Homan E, Bonagas N, Ramos L, Sandberg L, Frödin M, Moussay E, Slipicevic A, Letellier E, Paggetti J, Sørensen CS, Helleday T, Henriksson M, Meiser J. Formate overflow drives toxic folate trapping in MTHFD1 inhibited cancer cells. Nat Metab 2023; 5:642-659. [PMID: 37012496 PMCID: PMC10132981 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells fuel their increased need for nucleotide supply by upregulating one-carbon (1C) metabolism, including the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase 1 and 2 (MTHFD1 and MTHFD2). TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2, and selectively kills cancer cells. Here, we reveal that, in cells, TH9619 targets nuclear MTHFD2 but does not inhibit mitochondrial MTHFD2. Hence, overflow of formate from mitochondria continues in the presence of TH9619. TH9619 inhibits the activity of MTHFD1 occurring downstream of mitochondrial formate release, leading to the accumulation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, which we term a 'folate trap'. This results in thymidylate depletion and death of MTHFD2-expressing cancer cells. This previously uncharacterized folate trapping mechanism is exacerbated by physiological hypoxanthine levels that block the de novo purine synthesis pathway, and additionally prevent 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate consumption for purine synthesis. The folate trapping mechanism described here for TH9619 differs from other MTHFD1/2 inhibitors and antifolates. Thus, our findings uncover an approach to attack cancer and reveal a regulatory mechanism in 1C metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra Marttila
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nicole Kiweler
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Victoria Cookson
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Antoine Lesur
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kim Eiden
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - François Bernardin
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karl S A Vallin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Borhade
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- RedGlead Discover, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maeve Long
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elahe Kamali Ghahe
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julio J Jiménez-Alonso
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marianne Meyers
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Annika I Johansson
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadilly Bonagas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Louise Ramos
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lars Sandberg
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- One-carbon Therapeutics AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Thomas Helleday
- Weston Park Cancer Centre and Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kaloudis K, Chalkiadaki C, Apalaki P, Panagiotopoulou M, Kalliantasi A, Kouretas D, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. In Vivo Estimation of the Biological Effects of Endocrine Disruptors in Rabbits after Combined and Long-Term Exposure: Study Protocol. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10050246. [PMID: 35622659 PMCID: PMC9148075 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of chemical compounds are being characterized as endocrine disruptors since they have been proven to interact with the endocrine system, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Glyphosate is the active substance of the herbicide Roundup®, bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are used as plasticizers, while triclosan (TCS), methyl (MePB), propyl (PrPB), and butyl (BuPB) parabens are used as antimicrobial agents and preservatives mainly in personal care products. Studies indicate that exposure to these substances can affect humans causing developmental problems and problems in the endocrine, reproductive, nervous, immune, and respiratory systems. Although there are copious studies related to these substances, there are few in vivo studies related to combined exposure to these endocrine disruptors. The aim of the present pilot study is the investigation and assessment of the above substances’ toxicity in rabbits after twelve months of exposure to glyphosate (both pure and commercial form) and to a mixture of all the above substances at subtoxic levels. The lack of data from the literature concerning rabbits’ exposure to these substances and the restrictions of the 3Rs Principle will result in a limited number of animals available for use (four animals per group, twenty animals in total).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Kaloudis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Paraskevi Apalaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Panagiotopoulou
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Kalliantasi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
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Chalkiadaki C, Martin A. What Matters to Patients and their Caregivers: Using Social Media and Patient Forums to Obtain Valuable Information from a Patient and Carer Perspective. Value Health 2014; 17:A648-A649. [PMID: 27202335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Chalkiadaki C, Martin A. Exploring the Usefulness of Social Media and Patient Forums in Identifying indirect Costs of a Disease. Value Health 2014; 17:A628. [PMID: 27202227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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