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Ferrero DML, Asencion Diez MD, Kuhn ML, Falaschetti CA, Piattoni CV, Iglesias AA, Ballicora MA. On the Roles of Wheat Endosperm ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Subunits. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1498. [PMID: 30459778 PMCID: PMC6232684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from wheat endosperm controls starch synthesis in seeds and has unique regulatory properties compared to others from this family. It comprises two types of subunits, but despite its importance little is known about their roles. Here, we synthesized de novo the wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small (S) and large (L) subunit genes, heterologously expressed them in Escherichia coli, and kinetically characterized the recombinant proteins. To understand their distinct roles, we co-expressed them with well characterized subunits from the potato tuber enzyme to obtain hybrids with one S subunit from one source and an L subunit from the other. After kinetic analyses of these hybrids, we concluded that the unusual insensitivity to activation of the wheat endosperm enzyme is caused by a pre-activation of the L subunit. In addition, the heat stability and sensitivity to phosphate are given by the S subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danisa M. L. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matias D. Asencion Diez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Claudia V. Piattoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A. Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET – UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
| | - Miguel A. Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Alberto A. Iglesias, Miguel A. Ballicora,
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Falaschetti CA, Paunesku T, Kurepa J, Nanavati D, Chou SS, De M, Song M, Jang JT, Wu A, Dravid VP, Cheon J, Smalle J, Woloschak GE. Negatively charged metal oxide nanoparticles interact with the 20S proteasome and differentially modulate its biologic functional effects. ACS Nano 2013; 7:7759-7772. [PMID: 23930940 PMCID: PMC3946455 DOI: 10.1021/nn402416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The multicatalytic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) carries out proteolysis in a highly orchestrated way and regulates a large number of cellular processes. Deregulation of the UPS in many disorders has been documented. In some cases, such as carcinogenesis, elevated proteasome activity has been implicated in disease development, while the etiology of other diseases, such as neurodegeneration, includes decreased UPS activity. Therefore, agents that alter proteasome activity could suppress as well as enhance a multitude of diseases. Metal oxide nanoparticles, often developed as diagnostic tools, have not previously been tested as modulators of proteasome activity. Here, several types of metal oxide nanoparticles were found to adsorb to the proteasome and show variable preferential binding for particular proteasome subunits with several peptide binding "hotspots" possible. These interactions depend on the size, charge, and concentration of the nanoparticles and affect proteasome activity in a time-dependent manner. Should metal oxide nanoparticles increase proteasome activity in cells, as they do in vitro, unintended effects related to changes in proteasome function can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Falaschetti
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jasmina Kurepa
- University of Kentucky, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dhaval Nanavati
- Northwestern University, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Proteomics Core, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Stanley S. Chou
- Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Mrinmoy De
- Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - MinHa Song
- Yonsei University, Department of Chemistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-tak Jang
- Yonsei University, Department of Chemistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Division of Functional Materials and Nano-Devices, Ningbo, China
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Yonsei University, Department of Chemistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan Smalle
- University of Kentucky, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Gayle E. Woloschak
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Chicago, IL, United States
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Figueroa CM, Kuhn ML, Falaschetti CA, Solamen L, Olsen KW, Ballicora MA, Iglesias AA. Unraveling the activation mechanism of the potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66824. [PMID: 23826149 PMCID: PMC3691274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase regulates the synthesis of glycogen in bacteria and of starch in plants. The enzyme from plants is mainly activated by 3-phosphoglycerate and is a heterotetramer comprising two small and two large subunits. Here, we found that two highly conserved residues are critical for triggering the activation of the potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations in the small subunit, which bears the catalytic function in this potato tuber form, had a more dramatic effect on disrupting the allosteric activation than those introduced in the large subunit, which is mainly modulatory. Our results strongly agree with a model where the modified residues are located in loops responsible for triggering the allosteric activation signal for this enzyme, and the sensitivity to this activation correlates with the dynamics of these loops. In addition, previous biochemical data indicates that the triggering mechanism is widespread in the enzyme family, even though the activator and the quaternary structure are not conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Falaschetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ligin Solamen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alberto A. Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Kuhn ML, Falaschetti CA, Ballicora MA. Ostreococcus tauri ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reveals alternative paths for the evolution of subunit roles. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34092-102. [PMID: 19737928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase controls starch synthesis in plants and is an interesting case to study the evolution and differentiation of roles in heteromeric enzymes. It includes two homologous subunits, small (S) and large (L), that originated from a common photosynthetic eukaryotic ancestor. In present day organisms, these subunits became complementary after loss of certain roles in a process described as subfunctionalization. For instance, the potato tuber enzyme has a noncatalytic L subunit that complements an S subunit with suboptimal allosteric properties. To understand the evolution of catalysis and regulation in this family, we artificially synthesized both subunit genes from the unicellular alga Ostreococcus tauri. This is among the most ancient species in the green lineage that diverged from the ancestor of all green plants and algae. After heterologous gene expression, we purified and characterized the proteins. The O. tauri enzyme was not redox-regulated, suggesting that redox regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases appeared later in evolution. The S subunit had a typical low apparent affinity for the activator 3-phosphoglycerate, but it was atypically defective in the catalytic efficiency (V(max)/K(m)) for the substrate Glc-1-P. The L subunit needed the S subunit for soluble expression. In the presence of a mutated S subunit (to avoid interference), the L subunit had a high apparent affinity for 3-phosphoglycerate and substrates suggesting a leading role in catalysis. Therefore, the subfunctionalization of the O. tauri enzyme was different from previously described cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biochemical description of a system with alternative subfunctionalization paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty L Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60626, USA
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Kuhn ML, Falaschetti CA, Chaparro‐Krueger C, Ballicora MA. Synthesis of the
Ostreococcus tauri
ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase genes and characterization of their expressed subunits. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.841.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misty L Kuhn
- Chemistry DepartmentLoyola University ChicagoChicagoIL
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