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Ortogero N, Schuster AS, Oliver DK, Riordan CR, Hong AS, Hennig GW, Luong D, Bao J, Bhetwal BP, Ro S, McCarrey JR, Yan W. A novel class of somatic small RNAs similar to germ cell pachytene PIWI-interacting small RNAs. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32824-34. [PMID: 25320077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.613232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that bind PIWI family proteins exclusively expressed in the germ cells of mammalian gonads. MIWI2-associated piRNAs are essential for silencing transposons during primordial germ cell development, and MIWI-bound piRNAs are required for normal spermatogenesis during adulthood in mice. Although piRNAs have long been regarded as germ cell-specific, increasing lines of evidence suggest that somatic cells also express piRNA-like RNAs (pilRNAs). Here, we report the detection of abundant pilRNAs in somatic cells, which are similar to MIWI-associated piRNAs mainly expressed in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids in the testis. Based on small RNA deep sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses, pilRNA expression is dynamic and displays tissue specificity. Although pilRNAs are similar to pachytene piRNAs in both size and genomic origins, they have a distinct ping-pong signature. Furthermore, pilRNA biogenesis appears to utilize a yet to be identified pathway, which is different from all currently known small RNA biogenetic pathways. In addition, pilRNAs appear to preferentially target the 3'-UTRs of mRNAs in a partially complementary manner. Our data suggest that pilRNAs, as an integral component of the small RNA transcriptome in somatic cell lineages, represent a distinct population of small RNAs that may have functions similar to germ cell piRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ortogero
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Andrew S Schuster
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Daniel K Oliver
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Connor R Riordan
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Annie S Hong
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Grant W Hennig
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Dickson Luong
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Jianqiang Bao
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Bhupal P Bhetwal
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Seungil Ro
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - John R McCarrey
- the Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Wei Yan
- From the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
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Abstract
A bisorption process using electric fields to facilitate contact between a sorbate and non-living biomass is described. The latter is enclosed within a semi-permeable membrane together with an electrode. The counter electrode is placed in the sorbate solution and an established potential across the electrodes facilitates electrokinetic movement of the sorbate to the biosorbant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Riordan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Rd., Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
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