1
|
Lim NKH, Villemagne VL, Soon CPW, Laughton KM, Rowe CC, McLean CA, Masters CL, Evin G, Li QX. Investigation of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in plasma reveals a decrease of MMP-2 in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:779-86. [PMID: 21694463 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain include amyoid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as neuronal death and synaptic loss. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are known to degrade Aβ, and their expressions are increased in the AD brain, in particular in the astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaque. To investigate a possible association between plasma metalloproteinases and AD, we quantified MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the plasma of healthy controls (HC, n = 56), cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45), and AD (n = 50). All cases had previously been imaged with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) and had a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) assessment. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was determined using gelatine-zymography. There was a significant 1.5-fold decrease in MMP-2 activity in the AD group compared to HC (p < 0.001) and a 1.4-fold decrease compared to MCI (p < 0.01). There was no difference in MMP-9 levels between the three groups. A positive correlation was identified between MMP-2 plasma activity and MMSE score (r = 0.16, p < 0.05), but there was no association with PiB. This is the first report of a change in MMP-2 activity in AD plasma and these findings may provide some insight into AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia K-H Lim
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Vic, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soon CPW, Donnelly PS, Turner BJ, Hung LW, Crouch PJ, Sherratt NA, Tan JL, Lim NKH, Lam L, Bica L, Lim S, Hickey JL, Morizzi J, Powell A, Finkelstein DI, Culvenor JG, Masters CL, Duce J, White AR, Barnham KJ, Li QX. Diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper(II) (CuII(atsm)) protects against peroxynitrite-induced nitrosative damage and prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44035-44044. [PMID: 22033929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive paralyzing disease characterized by tissue oxidative damage and motor neuron degeneration. This study investigated the in vivo effect of diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper(II) (CuII(atsm)), which is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable complex. In vitro the compound inhibits the action of peroxynitrite on Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and subsequent nitration of cellular proteins. Oral treatment of transgenic SOD1G93A mice with CuII(atsm) at presymptomatic and symptomatic ages was performed. The mice were examined for improvement in lifespan and motor function, as well as histological and biochemical changes to key disease markers. Systemic treatment of SOD1G93A mice significantly delayed onset of paralysis and prolonged lifespan, even when administered to symptomatic animals. Consistent with the properties of this compound, treated mice had reduced protein nitration and carbonylation, as well as increased antioxidant activity in spinal cord. Treatment also significantly preserved motor neurons and attenuated astrocyte and microglial activation in mice. Furthermore, CuII(atsm) prevented the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated and fragmented TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) in spinal cord, a protein pivotal to the development of ALS. CuII(atsm) therefore represents a potential new class of neuroprotective agents targeting multiple major disease pathways of motor neurons with therapeutic potential for ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia P W Soon
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Florey Neuroscience Institutes, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Lin W Hung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Nicki A Sherratt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Jiang-Li Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Nastasia K-H Lim
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Linh Lam
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Laura Bica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - SinChun Lim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - James L Hickey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Julia Morizzi
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Powell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Janetta G Culvenor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Colin L Masters
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - James Duce
- Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010.
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010; Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caragounis A, Price KA, Soon CPW, Filiz G, Masters CL, Li QX, Crouch PJ, White AR. Zinc induces depletion and aggregation of endogenous TDP-43. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1152-61. [PMID: 20138212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitinated neuronal aggregates containing TDP-43 are pathological hallmarks in the spectrum of frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In affected neurons, TDP-43 undergoes C-terminal fragmentation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination and forms aggregates in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Although in vitro studies have been able to recapitulate these features using transfected cell culture models, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms that underlie pathological changes to endogenous TDP-43. As altered metal ion homeostasis and increased oxidative stress are central features of neurodegeneration, including FTLD and ALS, we sought to determine the affects of these factors on endogenous TDP-43 metabolism in mammalian cells. Treatment of SY5Y neuronal-like cells expressing endogenous TDP-43 with zinc (Zn) induced depletion of TDP-43 expression and formation of inclusions that were TDP-43 positive. TDP-43 was also detected in the cytosol of Zn-affected cells but this was not aggregated. No evidence of C-terminal fragmentation, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination was observed. The depletion and aggregation of TDP-43 were associated with the specific action of Zn but were not seen with copper, iron, or H(2)O(2). These studies describe for the first time specific induction of endogenous TDP-43 aggregation in neuronal-like cells and suggest that specific Zn-associated processes could affect TDP-43 metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Caragounis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soon CPW, Crouch PJ, Turner BJ, McLean CA, Laughton KM, Atkin JD, Masters CL, White AR, Li QX. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity is dysregulated with disease progression in the mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:260-6. [PMID: 20097566 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is proposed to be a biomarker for ALS due to a potential pathological role in the disease. However, despite numerous studies, it is still unclear whether there is a direct correlation between MMP-9 expression in serum and progression of disease. Therefore, we used a TgSOD1(G93A) mouse with a low transgene copy number. This model shows slow disease progression analogous to human ALS and provides a useful model to study biomarker expression at different stages of disease. Using zymography, we found that serum MMP-9 activity was significantly elevated in animals showing early signs of disease when compared to the younger, pre-symptomatic animals. This was followed by a decrease in MMP-9 activity in TgSOD1(G93A) mice with end-stage disease. These results were confirmed in serum of a high copy number strain of TgSOD1(G93A) mice with rapid progression. MMP-9 expression was changed accordingly in spinal motor neurons, glia and neuropil, suggesting a spinal cord contribution to blood MMP-9 activity. Serum MMP-2 activity followed a similar profile as the MMP-9 in these two models. These data indicate that circulating MMP-9 is altered throughout the course of disease progression in mice. Further studies in human ALS may validate the suitability of serum MMP-9 activity as a biomarker for early stage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia P W Soon
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|