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Powell C, Bamber D, Long J, Garratt R, Brown J, Rudge S, Morris T, Bhupendra Jaicim N, Plachcinski R, Dyson S, Boyle EM, St James-Roberts I. Mental health and well-being in parents of excessively crying infants: Prospective evaluation of a support package. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:607-615. [PMID: 29667223 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the first 4 months of age, approximately 20% of infants cry a lot without an apparent reason. Most research has targeted the crying, but the impact of the crying on parents, and subsequent outcomes, need to receive equal attention. This study reports the findings from a prospective evaluation of a package of materials designed to support the well-being and mental health of parents who judge their infant to be crying excessively. The resulting "Surviving Crying" package comprised a website, printed materials, and programme of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-based support sessions delivered to parents by a qualified practitioner. It was designed to be suitable for United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) use. METHODS Parents were referred to the study by 12 NHS Health Visitor/Community Public Health Nurse teams in one UK East Midlands NHS Trust. Fifty-two of 57 parents of excessively crying babies received the support package and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 anxiety questionnaire, as well as other measures, before receiving the support package and afterwards. RESULTS Significant reductions in depression and anxiety were found, with numbers of parents meeting clinical criteria for depression or anxiety halving between baseline and outcome. These improvements were not explained by reductions in infant crying. Reductions also occurred in the number of parents reporting the crying to be a large or severe problem (from 28 to 3 parents) or feeling very or extremely frustrated by the crying (from 31 to 1 parent). Other findings included increases in parents' confidence, knowledge of infant crying, and improvements in parents' sleep. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the Surviving Crying package may be effective in supporting the well-being and mental health of parents of excessively crying babies. Further, large-scale controlled trials of the package in NHS settings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Powell
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - D Bamber
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Long
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - R Garratt
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Brown
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - S Rudge
- Counseling Psychologist & CBT Practitioner, Leicester, UK
| | - T Morris
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - S Dyson
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - E M Boyle
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - I St James-Roberts
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Stephen AM, Bamber D, Goodyer I, Brage S, Ekelund U. Objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in adolescent body fatness: an observational cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:107-14. [PMID: 25919340 PMCID: PMC4780592 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data regarding prospective associations between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in youth are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate associations between baseline levels of objectively measured PA and changes in adiposity over 2.5 years from mid-to-late adolescence. METHODS This was an observational cohort study in 728 school students (43% boys) from Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Fat mass index (FMI, kg m(-2) ) was estimated at baseline (mean ± standard deviation age: 15 ± 0.3 years) and follow-up (17.5 ± 0.3 years) by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Habitual PA was assessed at baseline by ≥3 d combined heart rate and movement sensing. Average daily PA energy expenditure (PAEE) and the time (min d(-1) ) spent in light, moderate and vigorous intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA, respectively) was estimated. Multilevel models were used to investigate associations between baseline PA and change in FMI (ΔFMI). Adjustment for baseline age, sex, follow-up duration, area-level socioeconomic status, season of PA assessment, sedentary time, energy intake and sleep duration was made; baseline FMI was also added in a second model. RESULTS FMI increased significantly over follow-up (0.6 ± 1.2 kg m(-2) , P < 0.001). Baseline PAEE and LPA positively predicted ΔFMI in overfat participants (P ≤ 0.030), as did VPA in initially normal fat participants (P ≤ 0.044). There were further positive associations between PAEE and ΔFMI in normal fat participants, and between MPA and ΔFMI in both fat groups, when adjusted for baseline FMI (P ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Baseline PAEE and its subcomponents were positively associated with small and unlikely clinically relevant increases in ΔFMI. These counter-intuitive findings may be explained by behavioural changes during the course of study follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Collings
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Corder
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - C. L. Ridgway
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - S. J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - A. J. Atkin
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR)MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - A. M. Stephen
- MRC Human Nutrition ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D. Bamber
- Developmental Lifecourse Research GroupDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - I. Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research GroupDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - S. Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - U. Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK,Department of Sport MedicineNorwegian School of Sports ScienceOsloNorway
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Powell C, Bankart J, Christie M, Bamber D, Arrindell T. Drug testing in the Criminal Justice System: Solutions to a costly commodity. Journal of Substance Use 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/14659890902963858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Powell C, Bankart J, Chritistie M, Bamber D, Arrindell T. Drug testing in the Criminal Justice System: Solutions to a costly commodity. J of Substance Use 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890902963858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Garra G, Singer A, Bamber D, Chohan J, Troxell R. Pretreatment of Patients Requiring Abdominal CT with Oral Contrast with Antiemetics: A RCT. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Goodman I, Bamber D, Nguyen H, Torrez W. New applications of relational event algebra to fuzzy quantification and probabilistic reasoning. Inf Sci (N Y) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-0255(02)00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bamber D, Goodman I, Nguyen H. Extension of the concept of propositional deduction from classical logic to probability: an overview of probability-selection approaches. Inf Sci (N Y) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-0255(00)00086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore, using qualitative methods, the concept of exercise dependence. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with subjects screened for exercise dependence and eating disorders. METHODS Female exercisers, four in each case, were allocated a priori to four groups: primary exercise dependent; secondary exercise dependent, where there was a coincidence of exercise dependence and an eating disorder; eating disordered; control, where there was no evidence of either exercise dependence or eating disorder. They were asked about their exercise and eating attitudes and behaviour, as well as about any history of psychological distress. Their narratives were taped, transcribed, and analysed from a social constructionist perspective using QSR NUD*IST. RESULTS Participants classified as primary exercise dependent either showed no evidence of exercise dependent attitudes and behaviour or, if they exhibited features of exercise dependence, displayed symptoms of an eating disorder. Only the latter reported a history of psychological distress, similar to that exhibited by women classified as secondary exercise dependent or eating disordered. For secondary exercise dependent and eating disordered women, as well as for controls, the narratives largely confirmed the a priori classification. CONCLUSIONS Where exercise dependence was manifest, it was always in the context of an eating disorder, and it was this comorbidity, in addition to eating disorders per se, that was associated with psychological distress. As such, these qualitative data support the concept of secondary, but not primary, exercise dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bamber
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was concerned with the concept of exercise dependence. Levels of psychological morbidity, personality profiles, and exercise beliefs were compared among subjects screened for exercise dependence and eating disorders. METHOD Adult female exercisers were allocated on the basis of questionnaire screening to one of the following groups: primary exercise dependence (n = 43); secondary exercise dependence, where there was the coincidence of exercise dependence and an eating disorder (n = 27); eating disorder (n =14); control, where there was no evidence of either exercise dependence or eating disorder (n = 110). Questionnaire assessment was undertaken of psychological morbidity, self esteem, weight and body shape dissatisfaction, personality, and exercise beliefs. RESULTS Aside from a higher incidence of reported menstrual abnormalities, the primary exercise dependence group was largely indistinguishable from the controls. In stark contrast, the secondary exercise dependence group reported higher levels of psychological morbidity, neuroticism, dispositional addictiveness, and impulsiveness, lower self esteem, greater concern with body shape and weight, as well as with the social, psychological, and aesthetic costs of not exercising than the controls, but differed little from the eating disorder group. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of an eating disorder, women identified as being exercise dependent do not exhibit the sorts of personality characteristics and levels of psychological distress that warrant the construction of primary exercise dependence as a widespread pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bamber
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Formal definitions are given of the following intuitive concepts: (a) A model is quantitatively testable if its predictions are highly precise and narrow. (b) A model is identifiable if the values of its parameters can be ascertained from empirical observations. (c) A model is redundant if the values of some parameters can be deduced from others or if the values of some observables can be deduced from others. Various rules of thumb for nonredundant models are examined. The Counting Rule states that a model is quantitatively testable if and only if it has fewer parameters than observables. This rule can be safely applied only to identifiable models. If a model is unidentifiable, one must apply a generalization of the Counting Rule known as the Jacobian Rule. This rule states that a model is quantitatively testable if and only if the maximum rank (i.e., the number of linearly independent columns) of its Jacobian matrix (i.e., the matrix of partial derivatives of the function that maps parameter values to the predicted values of observables) is smaller than the number of observables. The Identifiability Rule states that a model is identifiable if and only if the maximum rank of its Jacobian matrix equals the number of parameters. The conclusions provided by these rules are only presumptive. To reach definitive conclusions, additional analyses must be performed. To illustrate the foregoing, the quantitative testability and identifiability of linear models and of discrete-state models are analyzed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bamber
- Space & Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego
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Abstract
In his recent articles, Bogartz offered a definition of what it means for forgetting rate to be independent of degree of original learning. He showed that, given this definition, independence is confirmed by extant data. Bogartz also criticized Loftus's (1985b) proposed method for testing independence. In this commentary, we counter Bogartz's criticisms and then offer two observations. First, we show that Loftus's horizontal-parallelism test distinguishes between two interesting class of memory models: unidimensional models wherein the memory system's state can be specified by a single number and multidimensional models wherein at least two numbers are required to specify the memory system's state. Independence by Loftus's definition is implied by a unidimensional model. Bogartz's definition, in contrast, is consistent with either model. Second, to better understand the constraints on memory mechanisms dictated by the mathematics of the models under consideration, we develop a simple but general feature model of learning and forgetting. We demonstrate what constraints must be placed on this model to make learning and forgetting rate independent by Loftus's and by Bogartz's definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Loftus
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Bamber D. A method for finding the maximun of a function fo several variables suitable for use on a programmable desk calculator. Comput Biomed Res 1974; 7:183-7. [PMID: 4829434 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4809(74)90022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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