1
|
Ballarini F, Alloni D, Battistoni G, Cerutti F, Ferrari A, Gadioli E, Garzelli MV, Liotta M, Mairani A, Ottolenghi A, Paretzke HG, Parini V, Pelliccioni M, Pinsky L, Sala P, Scannicchio D, Trovati S, Zankl M. Modelling human exposure to space radiation with different shielding: the FLUKA code coupled with anthropomorphic phantoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/41/1/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
2
|
Cerutti F, Ballarini F, Battistoni G, Colleoni P, Ferrari A, Förtsch SV, Gadioli E, Garzelli MV, Mairani A, Ottolenghi A, Pepe A, Pinsky LS, Sala PR, Scannicchio D, Steyn GF. Carbon induced reactions at low incident energies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/41/1/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
3
|
Trovati S, Ballarini F, Battistoni G, Cerutti F, Fassò A, Ferrari A, Gadioli E, Garzelli MV, Mairani A, Ottolenghi A, Paretzke HG, Parini V, Pelliccioni M, Pinsky L, Sala PR, Scannicchio D, Zankl M. Human exposure to space radiation: role of primary and secondary particles. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 122:362-6. [PMID: 17151013 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to space radiation implies two kinds of risk, both stochastic and deterministic. Shielding optimisation therefore represents a crucial goal for long-term missions, especially in deep space. In this context, the use of radiation transport codes coupled with anthropomorphic phantoms allows to simulate typical radiation exposures for astronauts behind different shielding, and to calculate doses to different organs. In this work, the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and two phantoms, a mathematical model and a voxel model, were used, taking the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) spectra from the model of Badhwar and O'Neill. The time integral spectral proton fluence of the August 1972 Solar Particle Event (SPE) was represented by an exponential function. For each aluminium shield thickness, besides total doses the contributions from primary and secondary particles for different organs and tissues were calculated separately. More specifically, organ-averaged absorbed doses, dose equivalents and a form of 'biological dose', defined on the basis of initial (clustered) DNA damage, were calculated. As expected, the SPE doses dramatically decreased with increasing shielding, and doses in internal organs were lower than in skin. The contribution of secondary particles to SPE doses was almost negligible; however it is of note that, at high shielding (10 g cm(-2)), most of the secondaries are neutrons. GCR organ doses remained roughly constant with increasing Al shielding. In contrast to SPE results, for the case of cosmic rays, secondary particles accounted for a significant fraction of the total dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Trovati
- Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aiginger H, Andersen V, Ballarini F, Battistoni G, Campanella M, Carboni M, Cerutti F, Empl A, Enghardt W, Fassò A, Ferrari A, Gadioli E, Garzelli MV, Lee K, Ottolenghi A, Parodi K, Pelliccioni M, Pinsky L, Ranft J, Roesler S, Sala PR, Scannicchio D, Smirnov G, Sommerer F, Wilson T, Zapp N. The FLUKA code: new developments and application to 1 GeV/n iron beams. Adv Space Res 2005; 35:214-22. [PMID: 15934197 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The modeling of ion transport and interactions in matter is a subject of growing interest, driven by the continuous increase of possible application fields. These include hadron therapy, dosimetry, and space missions, but there are also several issues involving fundamental research, accelerator physics, and cosmic ray physics, where a reliable description of heavy ion induced cascades is important. In the present work, the capabilities of the FLUKA code for ion beams will be briefly recalled and some recent developments presented. Applications of the code to the simulation of therapeutic carbon, nitrogen and oxygen ion beams, and of iron beams, which are of direct interest for space mission related experiments, will be also presented together with interesting consideration relative to the evaluation of dosimetric quantities. Both applications involve ion beams in the AGeV range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Aiginger
- Vienna University of Technology, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ballarini F, Biaggi M, De Biaggi L, Ferrari A, Ottolenghi A, Panzarasa A, Paretzke HG, Pelliccioni M, Sala P, Scannicchio D, Zankl M. Role of shielding in modulating the effects of solar particle events: Monte Carlo calculation of absorbed dose and DNA complex lesions in different organs. Adv Space Res 2004; 34:1338-46. [PMID: 15881774 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Distributions of absorbed dose and DNA clustered damage yields in various organs and tissues following the October 1989 solar particle event (SPE) were calculated by coupling the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code with two anthropomorphic phantoms (a mathematical model and a voxel model), with the main aim of quantifying the role of the shielding features in modulating organ doses. The phantoms, which were assumed to be in deep space, were inserted into a shielding box of variable thickness and material and were irradiated with the proton spectra of the October 1989 event. Average numbers of DNA lesions per cell in different organs were calculated by adopting a technique already tested in previous works, consisting of integrating into "condensed-history" Monte Carlo transport codes--such as FLUKA--yields of radiobiological damage, either calculated with "event-by-event" track structure simulations, or taken from experimental works available in the literature. More specifically, the yields of "Complex Lesions" (or "CL", defined and calculated as a clustered DNA damage in a previous work) per unit dose and DNA mass (CL Gy-1 Da-1) due to the various beam components, including those derived from nuclear interactions with the shielding and the human body, were integrated in FLUKA. This provided spatial distributions of CL/cell yields in different organs, as well as distributions of absorbed doses. The contributions of primary protons and secondary hadrons were calculated separately, and the simulations were repeated for values of Al shielding thickness ranging between 1 and 20 g/cm2. Slight differences were found between the two phantom types. Skin and eye lenses were found to receive larger doses with respect to internal organs; however, shielding was more effective for skin and lenses. Secondary particles arising from nuclear interactions were found to have a minor role, although their relative contribution was found to be larger for the Complex Lesions than for the absorbed dose, due to their higher LET and thus higher biological effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ballarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ballarini F, Biaggi M, Edwards A, Ferrari A, Ottolenghi A, Pelliccioni M, Scannicchio D. Estimating mixed field effects: an application supporting the lack of a non-linear component for chromosome aberration induction by neutrons. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2003; 103:19-28. [PMID: 12596985 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The action of neutron fields on biological structures was investigated on the basis of chromosome aberration induction in human cells. Available experimental data on aberration induction by neutrons and their interaction products were reviewed. Present criteria adopted in neutron radiation protection were discussed. The linear coefficient alpha and the quadratic coefficient beta describing dose-response curves for dicentric chromosomes induced by neutrons of different energies were calculated via integration of experimental data on dicentric induction by photons and charged particles into the Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA. The predicted values of the linear coefficients for neutron beams of different energies showed good agreement with the corresponding experimental values, whereas the data themselves indicated that the neutron quadratic coefficient cannot be obtained by 'averaging' the beta values of recoil ions and other nuclear reaction products. This supports the hypothesis that neutron induced aberrations increase substantially linearly with dose, a question that has been object of debate for a long time and is still open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ballarini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN-Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, 1-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ash W, Cheng D, Esposito B, Felicetti F, Marini A, Ogren H, Peruzzi I, Piccolo M, Ronga F, Sacerdoti G, Trasatti L, Zorn G, Bartoli B, Coluzzi B, Nigro A, Silvestrini V, Vanoli F, Bisello D, Mulachié A, Nigro M, Pescara L, Santangelo R, Schiavuta E, Scannicchio D, Monacelli P, Paoluzi L, Piano-Mortari G, Sebastiani F. Description and performance of MEA, The magnetic detector at adone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(78)91025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|