Down-regulation of Th2 responses by Brucella abortus, a strong Th1 stimulus, correlates with alterations in the B7.2-CD28 pathway.
Infect Immun 1999;
67:4418-26. [PMID:
10456882 PMCID:
PMC96760 DOI:
10.1128/iai.67.9.4418-4426.1999]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulation of the Th2-like response induced by ovalbumin-alum (OVA/alum) immunization by heat-killed Brucella abortus was not reversed by anti-IL-12 antibody treatment or in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) knockout mice, suggesting that induction of Th1 cytokines was not the only mechanism involved in the B. abortus-mediated inhibition of the Th2 response to OVA/alum. The focus of this study was to determine whether an alternative pathway involves alteration in expression of costimulatory molecules. First we show that the Th2-like response to OVA/alum is dependent on B7.2 interaction with ligand since it can be abrogated by anti-B7.2 treatment. Expression of costimulatory molecules was then studied in mice immunized with OVA/alum in the absence or presence of B. abortus. B7.2, but not B7.1, was up-regulated on mouse non-T and T cells following immunization with B. abortus. Surprisingly, B. abortus induced down-regulation of CD28 and up-regulation of B7.2 on murine CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. These effects on T cells were maximal for CD28 and B7.2 at 40 to 48 h and were not dependent on interleukin-12 (IL-12) or IFN-gamma. On the basis of these results, we propose that the IL-12/IFN-gamma-independent inhibition of Th2 responses to OVA/alum is secondary to the effects of B. abortus on expression of costimulatory molecules on T cells. We suggest that down-regulation of CD28 following activation inhibits subsequent differentiation of Th0 into Th2 cells. In addition, decreased expression of CD28 and increased expression of B7.2 on T cells would favor B7.2 interaction with CTLA-4 on T cells, and this could provide a negative signal to developing Th2 cells.
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