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Gangwar NK, Pawaiya RVS, Gururaj K, Singh DD, Andani D, Kumar A, Sharma DK, Rao AR, Rai A. Chemotactic factor inducing Interleukin-8 (IL8) gene is transcriptionally elevated in experimental enterotoxaemia in goats caused by Clostridium perfringens type D. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07568. [PMID: 34345740 PMCID: PMC8319006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to analyse the effects of experimental induction of enterotoxaemia through intra-duodenal inoculation of C. perfringens type D culture isolated from spontaneous outbreaks in goats. Twenty goats (6–9 month age) were divided into four groups and C. perfringens type D culture was inoculated intra-duodenally as per following: Group-I (whole cultures-WC), group-II (culture supernatant-CS), group-III (washed cells-WS), and group-IV (uninfected control-C). The treated animals were sacrificed after 72 h post infection (hpi), and necropsy showed gross changes including haemorrhages and congestion in the ileal and colon mucosa, pulmonary congestion and edema in lung. Kidney, brain and spleen exhibited severe to moderate congestion. Microscopic changes like haemorrhages, degenerative and necrotic changes in the mucosal epithelium of intestine and haemorrhages in kidney parenchyma were observed in the H&E stained sections. Lung alveolar sacs were filled with proteinaceous fluid. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive immunolabelling for etx (epsilon toxin) in the mucosa of intestine in WC and CS group. Control animals did not exhibit any significant gross or microscopic changes. PCR amplification of DNA extracted from intestinal tissues of WC and CS groups showed positive for etx gene demonstrating the production of epsilon toxin. Transcriptional responses in experimental groups were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Genes including IL-1β and IL2 showed up-regulation in all the experimental groups (WC, CS&WS). Specifically the toxin-based experimental groups (WC&CS) showed up-regulation of the gene responsible for chemotaxis viz. IL-8, while the washed cells group (WS) showed higher transcriptional response to Cathepsin-L (Cat-L) gene denoting the acute inflammatory response due to neutrophil elastase activity. These results take a cue on the evolving nature of the enterotoxaemia in goats due to various strains circulating in the field. The host response and its modulation due to the novel enterotoxaemia strains throws light on the current challenges in efficient control of the disease in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gangwar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, UP, 281001, India
| | - R V S Pawaiya
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
| | - K Gururaj
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
| | - D D Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP, 224229, India
| | - D Andani
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
| | - D K Sharma
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
| | - A R Rao
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Rana M, Holtmann H, Rana M, Kanatas AN, Singh DD, Sproll CK, Kübler NR, Ipaktchi R, Hufendiek K, Gellrich NC. Retraction notice to "The association between metformin therapy and risk of gynecological cancer in patients: two meta-analyses" [British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 8, October 2019, Pages 782-787]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 59:144. [PMID: 33431110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Holtmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Rana
- Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences, Doberaner Weg 20, 22143 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A N Kanatas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds Dental Institute and University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D D Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C K Sproll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - N R Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R Ipaktchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - K Hufendiek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - N-C Gellrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Mishra AK, Sharma N, Singh DD, Gururaj K, Abhishek, Kumar V, Sharma DK. Prevalence and bacterial etiology of subclinical mastitis in goats reared in organized farms. Vet World 2018; 11:20-24. [PMID: 29479152 PMCID: PMC5813506 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.20-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assessment of the status of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Jamunapari and Barbari goats in Indian organized farms, the involvement of bacterial pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total of 181 composite milk samples were aseptically collected from the apparently healthy Barbari (n=95) and Jamunapari (n=86) goats. The California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) were used to diagnose SCM. The milk samples with CMT scores of 0 and +1 were considered as negative, while the samples with the score of +2 or +3 were taken as positive, and further, the positive samples were used for the bacteriological examination. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion method using seven commercially available antibiotic discs. Results: All the samples having CMT score of +2 or +3 demonstrated SCC more than 1 million. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in the goats was assessed as 19.89% (36/181). The prevalence of SCM in Barbari and Jamunapari goats was found as 24.21% (23/95) and 15.12% (13/86), respectively. Out of 11 isolates of Staphylococci, 9 isolates were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), whereas 2 isolates were found as Staphylococcus aureus. The identified bacterial isolates (n=30) did not show antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: The current investigation showed the considerable prevalence of SCM among Jamunapari and Barbari goats which may have a negative impact on quantity and quality of the milk. CNS was found as the most prevalent cause of SCM in the goats. Negligible antibiotic resistance was found among the identified udder pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitika Sharma
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D D Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, N.D.U.A.&T., Faizabad - 224 229, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Gururaj
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Sharma
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Beena V, Pawaiya RVS, Gururaj K, Singh DD, Mishra AK, Gangwar NK, Gupta VK, Singh R, Sharma AK, Karikalan M, Kumar A. Molecular etiopathology of naturally occurring reproductive diseases in female goats. Vet World 2017; 10:964-972. [PMID: 28919691 PMCID: PMC5591487 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.964-972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular etiopathology of occurrence of reproductive diseases in female goats. Reproductive diseases in goats account for major economic losses to goat farmers in terms of valuable loss of offspring and animal productivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 660 female genitalia were examined for pathological conditions (macroscopic and microscopic lesions). The etiopathological study was carried out for the presence of pathogenic organisms such as Brucella, Chlamydia, and Campylobacter in the uterus and ovary. Based on the microscopic lesions, suspected samples were subjected to diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for various etiological agents employing 16srRNA genus specific primers for Campylobacter and Chlamydophila and OMP31 gene-based PCR for Brucella melitensis and nested PCR using ITS-1 gene primers for Toxoplasma gondii. For Brucella suspected samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed. RESULTS In studied female genitalia, 108 (16.30%) showed gross abnormalities with overall 23.32% occurrence of pathological conditions (macroscopic and microscopic lesions). Pathological involvement of the uterus was the highest 68 (62.96%), followed by the ovaries 27 (25%) and other organs. Major uterine condition observed was endometritis (5.60%). In uterine infections, 35 (5.30%) samples were found positive for Campylobacter spp., 12 (1.81%) samples for B. melitensis, and 3 (0.45%) samples were positive for Chlamydophila spp. Among the samples positive for B. melitensis by PCR, 3 were found positive by IHC also. Corynebacterium ovis was detected by PCR using specific primers in a case of hydrosalpinx. It was concluded that many pathological lesions in female genitalia of functional significance play a major role in infertility in goats. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that many pathological lesions in female genitalia of functional significance play a major role in infertility in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Beena
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R V S Pawaiya
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Gururaj
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D D Singh
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N K Gangwar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura - 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Saini S, Gupta VK, Gururaj K, Singh DD, Pawaiya RVS, Gangwar NK, Mishra AK, Dwivedi D, Andani D, Kumar A, Goswami TK. Comparative diagnostic evaluation of OMP31 gene based TaqMan® real-time PCR assay with visual LAMP assay and indirect ELISA for caprine brucellosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jain P, Prakash S, Gupta S, Singh KP, Shrivastava S, Singh DD, Singh J, Jain A. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 31:261-5. [PMID: 23883712 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. AIM The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Fisher's exact test was used and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 267 viral hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jain
- Department of Microbiology, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh DD, Vogel M, Müller-Stöver I, El Scheich T, Winzer M, Göbels S, Hüttig F, Heinrich S, Mackenzie C, Jensen B, Reuter S, Häussinger D, Richter J. TB or not TB? Difficulties in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-negative immigrants to Germany. Eur J Med Res 2012; 16:381-4. [PMID: 22024436 PMCID: PMC3352141 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-9-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immigrants to Germany and their children are at particular risk for tuberculosis (TB). Methods 35 Patients (10 male/25 female aged 2 - 59 years (median 33 years) originating mostly from high incidence countries in Asia (19 [54.3%]) in Africa (14 [40.0%] and East Europe (2 [5.7%]), attended at the Tropical Medicine unit were analysed. Results Primary clinical presentation was most frequently lymphadenitis (13 [37.1%]). other organs involved included bones (7 [20.0%]), central nervous system (5 [14.3%]), urogenital organs (3 [8.6%]), lung (3 [8.6%]), mediastinum, (2 [5.7%]) and abdomen (2 [5.7%]). ESR was abnormal in 21/28 (75.0%), CRP in 20/35 (57.1%), and protein electrophoresis in 22/26 (84.6%) cases. The tuberculin skin test was strongly positive in all 15 cases where the test had been performed. Tuberculosis interferon gamma release assay (TB-IGRA) was positive in all 35 cases (100%). PCR for nucleic acids of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis complex was positive in only 7/20 (35.0%) cases. M. tuberculosis was identified in 32/35 (91.4%), M. bovis in 2 (5.7%) cases. 1 case was diagnosed clinically. All patients were negative for HIV. Typical histopathology was seen in the 29 cases, where biopsies had been taken. Chest-X-ray did not reveal specific pulmonary lesions in the majority of cases (22/35 [62.9%]). Diagnosis of TB was mostly delayed (4 to 299 weeks, [median 8]). The most frequent primary suspicion was a malignancy (17/35 [48.6%]) while TB was initially suspected in 5 cases only. Diagnosis of TB is impeded by its multifaceted presentation especially in immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Singh
- Tropenmedizinische Ambulanz, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Patra D, Srikalaivani R, Misra A, Singh DD, Selvaraj M, Vijayan M. Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of a secreted lectin (Rv1419) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:1662-5. [PMID: 21139219 PMCID: PMC2998378 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110042892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A secreted lectin, Rv1419, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized and the crystals have been characterized. This represents the first X-ray investigation of a lectin or lectin-like molecule from the pathogen. The cubic crystals contain one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Sequence comparisons indicate that the lectin has a β-trefoil fold and belongs to a well characterized family of carbohydrate-binding modules. Structural analysis of the crystals is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhabaleswar Patra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - R. Srikalaivani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ashish Misra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - D. D. Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - M. Selvaraj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - M. Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the anti-Aspergillus properties of bacterial products. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, 12 bacterial strains were screened for antifungal activity against Aspergilli. The culture supernatant and lysates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli (BL21, DH5alpha, HB101, XL Blue), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptomyces thermonitrificans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi were examined for antifungal activity in protein concentration ranging from 1000.0 to 7.8 microg ml-1 using microbroth dilution assay. The lysate of Salm. typhi and E. coli BL21 exhibited the maximum activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Their in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were found to be 15.6-31.2 microg ml-1 by microbroth dilution and spore germination inhibition assays. In disc diffusion assay, a concentration of 3.1 microg disc-1 of Salm. typhi lysate showed significant activity against Aspergilli. Escherichia coli BL21 exhibited similar activity at 6.2 microg disc-1. The work on identification of molecule endowed with antimycotic properties is in progress. CONCLUSION The products of Salm. typhi and E. coli demonstrated significant activity against Aspergillus species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time that E. coli has been reported for anti-Aspergillus activity. It could be an important source of biologically active compounds useful for developing better new antifungal drugs/or probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yadav
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, University Campus, Delhi, India
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Vijayan M, Saikrishnan K, Kumar P, Dauter Z, Sekar K, Surolia A, Singh DD. Banana lectin, a β-prism I fold lectin with two carbohydrate-binding sites. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Singh DD, Saikrishnan K, Kumar P, Surolia A, Sekar K, Vijayan M. Unusual sugar specificity of banana lectin from Musa paradisiaca and its probable evolutionary origin. Crystallographic and modelling studies. Glycobiology 2005; 15:1025-32. [PMID: 15958419 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of a complex of methyl-alpha-D-mannoside with banana lectin from Musa paradisiaca reveals two primary binding sites in the lectin, unlike in other lectins with beta-prism I fold which essentially consists of three Greek key motifs. It has been suggested that the fold evolved through successive gene duplication and fusion of an ancestral Greek key motif. In other lectins, all from dicots, the primary binding site exists on one of the three motifs in the three-fold symmetric molecule. Banana is a monocot, and the three motifs have not diverged enough to obliterate sequence similarity among them. Two Greek key motifs in it carry one primary binding site each. A common secondary binding site exists on the third Greek key. Modelling shows that both the primary sites can support 1-2, 1-3, and 1-6 linked mannosides with the second residue interacting in each case primarily with the secondary binding site. Modelling also readily leads to a bound branched mannopentose with the nonreducing ends of the two branches anchored at the two primary binding sites, providing a structural explanation for the lectin's specificity for branched alpha-mannans. A comparison of the dimeric banana lectin with other beta-prism I fold lectins, provides interesting insights into the variability in their quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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Singh DD, Saikrishnan K, Kumar P, Dauter Z, Sekar K, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray structure analysis of the banana lectin fromMusa paradisiaca. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:2104-6. [PMID: 15502341 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904024114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The banana lectin from Musa paradisiaca, MW 29.4 kDa, has been isolated, purified and crystallized. The trigonal crystals contain one dimeric molecule in the asymmetric unit. The structure has been solved using molecular replacement to a resolution of 3 A. The structure of the subunit is similar to that of jacalin-like lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Singh DD, Dey CS, Bhutani KK. Downregulation of p34cdc2 expression with aqueous fraction from Withania somnifera for a possible molecular mechanism of anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects. Phytomedicine 2001; 8:492-494. [PMID: 11824528 DOI: 10.1078/s0944-7113(04)70072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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