1
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Riminucci F, Gianfrate A, Nigro D, Ardizzone V, Dhuey S, Francaviglia L, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer LN, Ballarini D, Trypogeorgos D, Schwartzberg A, Gerace D, Sanvitto D. Polariton Condensation in Gap-Confined States of Photonic Crystal Waveguides. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:246901. [PMID: 38181143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.246901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of patterned multiquantum well heterostructures in GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides has recently made it possible to achieve exciton-polariton condensation in a topologically protected bound state in the continuum (BIC). Polariton condensation was shown to occur above a saddle point of the two-dimensional polariton dispersion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. A rigorous analysis of the condensation phenomenon in these systems, as well as the role of the BIC, is still missing. In the present Letter, we theoretically and experimentally fill this gap by showing that polariton confinement resulting from the negative effective mass and the photonic energy gap in the dispersion play a key role in enhancing the relaxation toward the condensed state. In fact, our results show that low-threshold polariton condensation is achieved within the effective trap created by the exciting laser spot, regardless of whether the resulting confined mode is long-lived (polariton BIC) or short-lived (lossy mode). In both cases, the spatial quantization of the polariton condensate and the threshold differences associated to the corresponding state lifetime are measured and characterized. For a given negative mass, a slightly lower condensation threshold from the polariton BIC mode is found and associated to its reduced radiative losses, as compared to the lossy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gianfrate
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Nigro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Dhuey
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Francaviglia
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Trypogeorgos
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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2
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Suárez-Forero DG, Riminucci F, Ardizzone V, Karpowicz N, Maggiolini E, Macorini G, Lerario G, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Lanotte AS, West K, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Sanvitto D. Enhancement of Parametric Effects in Polariton Waveguides Induced by Dipolar Interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:137401. [PMID: 33861133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter excitations arising from the nonperturbative coupling of a photonic mode and an excitonic resonance. Behaving as interacting photons, they show optical third-order nonlinearities providing effects such as optical parametric oscillation or amplification. It has been suggested that polariton-polariton interactions can be greatly enhanced by inducing aligned electric dipoles in their excitonic part. However, direct evidence of a true particle-particle interaction, such as superfluidity or parametric scattering, is still missing. In this Letter, we demonstrate that dipolar interactions can be used to enhance parametric effects such as self-phase modulation in waveguide polaritons. By quantifying these optical nonlinearities, we provide a reliable experimental measurement of the direct dipolar enhancement of polariton-polariton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - F Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - N Karpowicz
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Maggiolini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Macorini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A S Lanotte
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - K West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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3
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Fieramosca A, Polimeno L, Ardizzone V, De Marco L, Pugliese M, Maiorano V, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Gigli G, Gerace D, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D. Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites sustaining strong polariton interactions at room temperature. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9967. [PMID: 31172027 PMCID: PMC6544457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polaritonic devices exploit the coherent coupling between excitonic and photonic degrees of freedom to perform highly nonlinear operations with low input powers. Most of the current results exploit excitons in epitaxially grown quantum wells and require low-temperature operation, while viable alternatives have yet to be found at room temperature. We show that large single-crystal flakes of two-dimensional layered perovskite are able to sustain strong polariton nonlinearities at room temperature without the need to be embedded in an optical cavity formed by highly reflecting mirrors. In particular, exciton-exciton interaction energies are shown to be spin dependent, remarkably similar to the ones known for inorganic quantum wells at cryogenic temperatures, and more than one order of magnitude larger than alternative room temperature polariton devices reported so far. Because of their easy fabrication, large dipolar oscillator strengths, and strong nonlinearities, these materials pave the way for realization of polariton devices at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Corresponding author. (V.A.); (L.D.M.)
| | - L. De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Corresponding author. (V.A.); (L.D.M.)
| | - M. Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Maiorano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Dominici
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G. Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Gerace
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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4
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Silva B, Sánchez Muñoz C, Ballarini D, González-Tudela A, de Giorgi M, Gigli G, West K, Pfeiffer L, Del Valle E, Sanvitto D, Laussy FP. The colored Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37980. [PMID: 27922021 PMCID: PMC5138626 DOI: 10.1038/srep37980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is one of the celebrated phenomenologies of modern physics that accommodates equally well classical (interferences of waves) and quantum (correlations between indistinguishable particles) interpretations. The effect was discovered in the late thirties with a basic observation of Hanbury Brown that radio-pulses from two distinct antennas generate signals on the oscilloscope that wiggle similarly to the naked eye. When Hanbury Brown and his mathematician colleague Twiss took the obvious step to propose bringing the effect in the optical range, they met with considerable opposition as single-photon interferences were deemed impossible. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is nowadays universally accepted and, being so fundamental, embodies many subtleties of our understanding of the wave/particle dual nature of light. Thanks to a novel experimental technique, we report here a generalized version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect to include the frequency of the detected light, or, from the particle point of view, the energy of the detected photons. Our source of light is a polariton condensate, that allows high-resolution filtering of a spectrally broad source with a high degree of coherence. In addition to the known tendencies of indistinguishable photons to arrive together on the detector, we find that photons of different colors present the opposite characteristic of avoiding each others. We postulate that fermions can be similarly brought to exhibit positive (boson-like) correlations by frequency filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Silva
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - M de Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - E Del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F P Laussy
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Alpeggiani F, D'Agostino S, Sanvitto D, Gerace D. Visible quantum plasmonics from metallic nanodimers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34772. [PMID: 27752037 PMCID: PMC5067502 DOI: 10.1038/srep34772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report theoretical evidence that bulk nonlinear materials weakly interacting with highly localized plasmonic modes in ultra-sub-wavelength metallic nanostructures can lead to nonlinear effects at the single plasmon level in the visible range. In particular, the two-plasmon interaction energy in such systems is numerically estimated to be comparable with the typical plasmon linewidths. Localized surface plasmons are thus predicted to exhibit a purely nonclassical behavior, which can be clearly identified by a sub-Poissonian second-order correlation in the signal scattered from the quantized plasmonic field under coherent electromagnetic excitation. We explicitly show that systems sensitive to single-plasmon scattering can be experimentally realized by combining electromagnetic confinement in the interstitial region of gold nanodimers with local infiltration or deposition of ordinary nonlinear materials. We also propose configurations that could allow to realistically detect such an effect with state-of-the-art technology, overcoming the limitations imposed by the short plasmonic lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alpeggiani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - S D'Agostino
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @ UNILE - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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6
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Dominici L, Petrov M, Matuszewski M, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Colas D, Cancellieri E, Silva Fernández B, Bramati A, Gigli G, Kavokin A, Laussy F, Sanvitto D. Real-space collapse of a polariton condensate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8993. [PMID: 26634817 PMCID: PMC4686858 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcavity polaritons are two-dimensional bosonic fluids with strong nonlinearities, composed of coupled photonic and electronic excitations. In their condensed form, they display quantum hydrodynamic features similar to atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, such as long-range coherence, superfluidity and quantized vorticity. Here we report the unique phenomenology that is observed when a pulse of light impacts the polariton vacuum: the fluid which is suddenly created does not splash but instead coheres into a very bright spot. The real-space collapse into a sharp peak is at odd with the repulsive interactions of polaritons and their positive mass, suggesting that an unconventional mechanism is at play. Our modelling devises a possible explanation in the self-trapping due to a local heating of the crystal lattice, that can be described as a collective polaron formed by a polariton condensate. These observations hint at the polariton fluid dynamics in conditions of extreme intensities and ultrafast times.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Petrov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Colas
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cancellieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ÉNS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B. Silva Fernández
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ÉNS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G. Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi”, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
- CNR-SPIN, Tor Vergata, viale del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - F. Laussy
- Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow Region, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia
| | - D. Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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López Carreño JC, Sánchez Muñoz C, Sanvitto D, del Valle E, Laussy FP. Exciting Polaritons with Quantum Light. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:196402. [PMID: 26588401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the excitation of polaritons-strongly coupled states of light and matter-by quantum light, instead of the usual laser or thermal excitation. As one illustration of the new horizons thus opened, we introduce "Mollow spectroscopy"-a theoretical concept for a spectroscopic technique that consists of scanning the output of resonance fluorescence onto an optical target-from which weak nonlinearities can be read with high precision even in strongly dissipative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C López Carreño
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E del Valle
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F P Laussy
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
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8
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Amo A, Bloch J, Bramati A, Carusotto I, Ciuti C, Deveaud B, Giacobino E, Grosso G, Kamchatnov A, Malpuech G, Pavloff N, Pigeon S, Sanvitto D, Solnyshkov DD. Comment on "Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid". Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:089401. [PMID: 26340219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.089401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - C Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 et CNRS, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - B Deveaud
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - G Grosso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kamchatnov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk 142190, Russia
| | - G Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - N Pavloff
- Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, UMR8626, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Pigeon
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC - Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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9
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Nguyen HS, Gerace D, Carusotto I, Sanvitto D, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Bloch J, Amo A. Acoustic black hole in a stationary hydrodynamic flow of microcavity polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:036402. [PMID: 25659010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of superfluid hydrodynamic effects in a one-dimensional polariton fluid flowing along a laterally patterned semiconductor microcavity and hitting a micron-sized engineered defect. At high excitation power, superfluid propagation effects are observed in the polariton dynamics; in particular, a sharp acoustic horizon is formed at the defect position, separating regions of sub- and supersonic flow. Our experimental findings are quantitatively reproduced by theoretical calculations based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Promising perspectives to observe Hawking radiation via photon correlation measurements are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Galopin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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10
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Capodilupo AL, Vergaro V, Fabiano E, De Giorgi M, Baldassarre F, Cardone A, Maggiore A, Maiorano V, Sanvitto D, Gigli G, Ciccarella G. Design and synthesis of fluorenone-based dyes: two-photon excited fluorescent probes for imaging of lysosomes and mitochondria in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3315-3323. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three fluorenone-based two-photon fluorescent probes for specific targeting of lysosomes and mitochondria in cancer cells.
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11
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Dominici L, Colas D, Donati S, Restrepo Cuartas JP, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Guirales G, López Carreño JC, Bramati A, Gigli G, Del Valle E, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Ultrafast Control and Rabi Oscillations of Polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:226401. [PMID: 25494079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.226401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation and control of space and time-resolved light-matter Rabi oscillations in a microcavity. Our setup precision and the system coherence are so high that coherent control can be implemented with amplification or switching off of the oscillations and even erasing of the polariton density by optical pulses. The data are reproduced by a quantum optical model with excellent accuracy, providing new insights on the key components that rule the polariton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dominici
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Colas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Donati
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy and Universitá del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - J P Restrepo Cuartas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Guirales
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín AA 1226, Colombia
| | - J C López Carreño
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ENS et CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Gigli
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT-Lecce, Via Barsanti, 73010 Lecce, Italy and Universitá del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Del Valle
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F P Laussy
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sanvitto
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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12
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Spano R, Cuadra J, Lingg C, Sanvitto D, Martin MD, Eastham PR, van der Poel M, Hvam JM, Viña L. Build up of off-diagonal long-range order in microcavity exciton-polaritons across the parametric threshold. Opt Express 2013; 21:10792-10800. [PMID: 23669936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.010792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of the spontaneous spatial and temporal coherence of polariton condensates generated in the optical parametric oscillator configuration, below and at the parametric threshold, and as a function of condensate area. Above the threshold we obtain very long coherence times (up to 3 ns) and a spatial coherence extending over the entire condensate (40 μm). The very long coherence time and its dependence on condensate area and pump power reflect the suppression of polariton-polariton interactions by an effect equivalent to motional narrowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spano
- Dept Física Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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13
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Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Cancellieri E, Houdré R, Giacobino E, Cingolani R, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. All-optical polariton transistor. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1778. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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14
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De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Cancellieri E, Marchetti FM, Szymanska MH, Tejedor C, Cingolani R, Giacobino E, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Control and ultrafast dynamics of a two-fluid polariton switch. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:266407. [PMID: 23368594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.266407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the cross interactions in a two-component polariton quantum fluid coherently driven by two independent pumping lasers tuned at different energies and momenta. We show that both the hysteresis cycles and the on-off threshold of one polariton signal can be entirely controlled by a second polariton fluid. Furthermore, we study the ultrafast switching dynamics of a driven polariton state, demonstrating the ability to control the polariton population with an external laser pulse, in less than a few picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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15
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Wertz E, Amo A, Solnyshkov DD, Ferrier L, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, Senellart P, Sagnes I, Lemaître A, Kavokin AV, Malpuech G, Bloch J. Propagation and amplification dynamics of 1D polariton condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:216404. [PMID: 23215603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.216404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of propagating polariton condensates in one-dimensional microcavities is investigated through time resolved experiments. We find a strong increase in the condensate intensity when it travels through the nonresonantly excited area. This amplification is shown to come from bosonic stimulated relaxation of reservoir excitons into the polariton condensate, allowing for the repopulation of the condensate through nonresonant pumping. Thus, we experimentally demonstrate a polariton amplifier with a large band width, opening the way towards the transport of polaritons with high densities over macroscopic distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wertz
- CNRS-Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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16
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Cancellieri E, Marchetti FM, Szymańska MH, Sanvitto D, Tejedor C. Frictionless flow in a binary polariton superfluid. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:065301. [PMID: 22401081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the properties of a binary microcavity polariton superfluid coherently injected by two lasers at different momenta and energies. The crossover from the supersonic to the subsonic regime, where motion is frictionless, is described by evaluating the linear response of the system to a weak defect potential. We show that the coupling between the two components requires that either both components flow without friction or both scatter against the defect, though scattering can be small when the two fluids are weakly coupled. By analyzing the drag force exerted on a defect, we give a recipe to experimentally address the crossover from the supersonic to the subsonic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cancellieri
- Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Adrados C, Liew TCH, Amo A, Martín MD, Sanvitto D, Antón C, Giacobino E, Kavokin A, Bramati A, Viña L. Motion of spin polariton bullets in semiconductor microcavities. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:146402. [PMID: 22107218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.146402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of optical switching in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime is studied by using time- and spatially resolved spectroscopy. The switching is triggered by polarized short pulses which create spin bullets of high polariton density. The spin packets travel with speeds of the order of 10(6) m/s due to the ballistic propagation and drift of exciton polaritons from high to low density areas. The speed is controlled by the angle of incidence of the excitation beams, which changes the polariton group velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adrados
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, École Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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18
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Tosi G, Marchetti FM, Sanvitto D, Antón C, Szymańska MH, Berceanu A, Tejedor C, Marrucci L, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Viña L. Onset and dynamics of vortex-antivortex pairs in polariton optical parametric oscillator superfluids. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:036401. [PMID: 21838381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study, both theoretically and experimentally, the occurrence of topological defects in polariton superfluids in the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) regime. We explain in terms of local supercurrents the deterministic behavior of both the onset and dynamics of vortex-antivortex pairs generated by perturbing the system with a pulsed probe. Using a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, including photonic disorder, pumping and decay, we elucidate the reason why topological defects form in couples and can be detected by direct visualizations in multishot OPO experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tosi
- Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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19
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Amo A, Pigeon S, Sanvitto D, Sala VG, Hivet R, Carusotto I, Pisanello F, Lemenager G, Houdre R, Giacobino E, Ciuti C, Bramati A. Polariton Superfluids Reveal Quantum Hydrodynamic Solitons. Science 2011; 332:1167-70. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Szymańska MH, Marchetti FM, Sanvitto D. Propagating wave packets and quantized currents in coherently driven polariton superfluids. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:236402. [PMID: 21231487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.236402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the properties of propagating polariton wave packets and their connection to the stability of doubly charged vortices. Wave-packet propagation and related photoluminescence spectra exhibit a rich behavior dependent on the excitation regime. We show that, because of the nonquadratic polariton dispersion, doubly charged vortices are stable only when initiated in wave packets propagating at small velocities. Vortices propagating at larger velocities, or those imprinted directly into the polariton optical parametric oscillator signal and idler, are unstable to splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Szymańska
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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21
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Sanvitto D, Amo A, Laussy FP, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Tejedor C, Viña L. Polariton condensates put in motion. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:134025. [PMID: 20208103 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/13/134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present several examples of the interesting phenomenology shown by a moving polariton condensate in semiconductor microcavities. The superfluid behavior is probed by colliding the polariton condensate against physical obstacles in the form of natural defects of the sample, demonstrating a clear suppression of scattering when the speed of the flow lies below the critical velocity. At higher velocities Cerenkov-like shock waves around the defect and disruption of the condensate are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanvitto
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Gonzalez-Tudela A, del Valle E, Cancellieri E, Tejedor C, Sanvitto D, Laussy FP. Effect of pure dephasing on the Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearities. Opt Express 2010; 18:7002-7009. [PMID: 20389720 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.007002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of pure dephasing on a two-level system in strong coupling in the nonlinear regime with the single mode of a cavity. The photoluminescence spectrum of the cavity has a robust tendency to display triplet structures, instead of the expected Jaynes-Cummings pairs of doublets at the incommensurate frequencies +/- (square root n +/- square root (n-1)) for integer n. We discuss recent experimental works that may already manifest signatures of single photon nonlinearities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Tudela
- Física Téorica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain
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23
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Krizhanovskii DN, Whittaker DM, Bradley RA, Guda K, Sarkar D, Sanvitto D, Vina L, Cerda E, Santos P, Biermann K, Hey R, Skolnick MS. Effect of interactions on vortices in a nonequilibrium polariton condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:126402. [PMID: 20366553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the creation of vortices in a macroscopically occupied polariton state formed in a semiconductor microcavity. A weak external laser beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is used to imprint a vortex on the condensate arising from the polariton optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The vortex core radius is found to decrease with increasing pump power, and is determined by polariton-polariton interactions. As a result of OAM conservation in the parametric scattering process, the excitation consists of a vortex in the signal and a corresponding antivortex in the idler of the OPO. The experimental results are in good agreement with a theoretical model of a vortex in the polariton OPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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24
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del Valle E, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Laussy FP, André R, Tejedor C, Viña L. Dynamics of the formation and decay of coherence in a polariton condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:096404. [PMID: 19792816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.096404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the formation and decay of a condensate of microcavity polaritons. We investigate the relationship among the number of particles, the emission linewidth, and its degree of linear polarization, which serves as the order parameter. Tracking the condensate formation, we show that coherence is not determined only by occupation of the ground state, bringing new insights into the determining factors for Bose-Einstein condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E del Valle
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO171BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
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25
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Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Viña L, Wouters M, Carusotto I, Lemaitre A, Bloch J. Observation of long-lived polariton states in semiconductor microcavities across the parametric threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:056402. [PMID: 19257528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excitation spectrum around the pump-only stationary state of a polariton optical parametric oscillator in semiconductor microcavities is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence. The response to a weak pulsed perturbation in the vicinity of the idler mode is directly related to the lifetime of the elementary excitations. A dramatic increase of the lifetime is observed for a pump intensity approaching and exceeding the optical parametric oscillator threshold. The observations can be explained in terms of a critical slowing down of the dynamics upon approaching the threshold and the following appearance of a soft Goldstone mode in the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ballarini
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Love APD, Krizhanovskii DN, Whittaker DM, Bouchekioua R, Sanvitto D, Rizeiqi SA, Bradley R, Skolnick MS, Eastham PR, André R, Dang LS. Intrinsic decoherence mechanisms in the microcavity polariton condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:067404. [PMID: 18764503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.067404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanisms which control the phase coherence of the polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are determined. It is shown that the combination of number fluctuations and interactions leads to decoherence with a characteristic Gaussian decay of the first-order correlation function. This line shape, and the long decay times ( approximately 150 ps) of both first- and second-order correlation functions, are explained quantitatively by a quantum-optical model which takes into account interactions, fluctuations, and gain and loss in the system. Interaction limited coherence times of this type have been predicted for atomic BECs, but are yet to be observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P D Love
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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27
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Oulton R, Jones BD, Lam S, Chalcraft ARA, Szymanski D, O'Brien D, Krauss TF, Sanvitto D, Fox AM, Whittaker DM, Hopkinson M, Skolnick MS. Polarized quantum dot emission from photonic crystal nanocavities studied under moderesonant enhanced excitation. Opt Express 2007; 15:17221-17230. [PMID: 19551015 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.017221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the linear polarization of the emission from single quantum dots embedded in an "L3" defect nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. By using narrow linewidth optical excitation in resonance with higher-order modes, we are able to achieve strong quantum dot emission intensity whilst reducing the background from quantum dots in the surrounding lattice. We find that all the dots observed emit very strongly linearly polarized light of the same orientation as the closest mode, despite the fact that these quantum dots may be spectrally detuned by several times the mode linewidth. We discuss the coupling mechanisms which may explain this behavior.
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28
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Krizhanovskii DN, Sanvitto D, Love APD, Skolnick MS, Whittaker DM, Roberts JS. Dominant effect of polariton-polariton interactions on the coherence of the microcavity optical parametric oscillator. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:097402. [PMID: 17026400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.097402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of interaction effects in determining the temporal coherence of spectrally and spatially isolated single modes of the microcavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is demonstrated. As a function of macroscopic occupancy, the coherence time (tau c) first increases linearly and then exhibits saturation behavior, reaching maximum values of up to 500 ps. Good agreement is found with a model including fluctuations in polariton number and polariton-polariton interactions between the OPO states. tau c is a property of the coupled OPO system, a result confirmed by the finding of equal coherence times for signal and idler, even though the idler is subject to strong additional scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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29
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Amo A, Martín MD, Ballarini D, Viña L, Sanvitto D, Skolnick MS, Roberts JS. Angular switching of the linear polarization of the emission in InGaAs microcavities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200562002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Sanvitto D, Whittaker DM, Shields AJ, Simmons MY, Ritchie DA, Pepper M. Origin of the oscillator strength of the triplet state of a trion in a magnetic field. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:246805. [PMID: 12484972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.246805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the spin-triplet trion state, under high magnetic field in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, are studied using time resolved spectroscopy. The oscillator strength of the triplet transition is shown to rise with increasing electron density, in good agreement with a theoretical model where the trion interacts with excess electrons in the quantum well. This analysis suggests that the spin-triplet trion state, which is expected to be an optically "dark" state, is experimentally observable due to the interactions with the excess electrons, demonstrating that X- cannot be regarded as an isolated three particle complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanvitto
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, United Kingdom
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31
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Brand MA, Malinowski A, Karimov OZ, Marsden PA, Harley RT, Shields AJ, Sanvitto D, Ritchie DA, Simmons MY. Precession and motional slowing of spin evolution in a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:236601. [PMID: 12485026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical spin-dynamic measurements in a high-mobility n-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well show oscillatory evolution at 1.8 K consistent with a quasi-collision-free D'yakonov-Perel'-Kachorovskii regime. Above 5 K evolution becomes exponential as expected for collision-dominated spin dynamics. Momentum scattering times extracted from Hall mobility and Monte Carlo simulation of spin polarization agree at 1.8 K but diverge at higher temperatures, indicating the importance of electron-electron scattering and an intrinsic upper limit for the spin-relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Brand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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32
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Sanvitto D, Pulizzi F, Shields AJ, Christianen PC, Holmes SN, Simmons MY, Ritchie DA, Maan JC, Pepper M. Observation of charge transport by negatively charged excitons. Science 2001; 294:837-9. [PMID: 11577201 DOI: 10.1126/science.1064847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report transport of electron-hole complexes in semiconductor quantum wells under applied electric fields. Negatively charged excitons (X-), created by laser excitation of a high electron mobility transistor, are observed to drift upon applying a voltage between the source and drain. In contrast, neutral excitons do not drift under similar conditions. The X- mobility is found to be as high as 6.5 x 10(4) cm2 V-1 s-1. The results demonstrate that X- exists as a free particle in the best-quality samples and suggest that light emission from opto-electronic devices can be manipulated through exciton drift under applied electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanvitto
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 260 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WE, UK
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