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Shen RR, Zhou AY, Kim E, O'Connell JT, Hagerstrand D, Beroukhim R, Hahn WC. TRAF2 is an NF-κB-activating oncogene in epithelial cancers. Oncogene 2013; 34:209-16. [PMID: 24362534 PMCID: PMC4067463 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant NF-κB activation is frequently observed in human cancers. Genome characterization efforts have identified genetic alterations in multiple components of the NF-κB pathway, some of which have been shown to be essential for cancer initiation and tumor maintenance. Here using patient tumors and cancer cell lines, we identify the NF-κB regulator, TRAF2 as an oncogene that is recurrently amplified and rearranged in 15% of human epithelial cancers. Suppression of TRAF2 in cancer cells harboring TRAF2 copy number gain inhibits proliferation, NF-κB activation, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis. Cancer cells that are dependent on TRAF2 also require NF-κB for survival. The phosphorylation of TRAF2 at serine 11 is essential for the survival of cancer cells harboring TRAF2 amplification. Together these observations identify TRAF2 as a frequently amplified oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Shen
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Kim
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J T O'Connell
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Hagerstrand
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Beroukhim
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W C Hahn
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Hagerstrand D, Tong A, Schumacher SE, Ilic N, Shen RR, Cheung HW, Vazquez F, Shrestha Y, Kim SY, Giacomelli AO, Rosenbluh J, Schinzel AC, Spardy NA, Barbie DA, Mermel CH, Weir BA, Garraway LA, Tamayo P, Mesirov JP, Beroukhim R, Hahn WC. Systematic interrogation of 3q26 identifies TLOC1 and SKIL as cancer drivers. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1044-57. [PMID: 23764425 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 3q26 is frequently amplified in several cancer types with a common amplified region containing 20 genes. To identify cancer driver genes in this region, we interrogated the function of each of these genes by loss- and gain-of-function genetic screens. Specifically, we found that TLOC1 (SEC62) was selectively required for the proliferation of cell lines with 3q26 amplification. Increased TLOC1 expression induced anchorage-independent growth, and a second 3q26 gene, SKIL (SNON), facilitated cell invasion in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Expression of both TLOC1 and SKIL induced subcutaneous tumor growth. Proteomic studies showed that TLOC1 binds to DDX3X, which is essential for TLOC1-induced transformation and affected protein translation. SKIL induced invasion through upregulation of SLUG (SNAI2) expression. Together, these studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes at 3q26 and more broadly suggest that cooperating genes may be coamplified in other regions with somatic copy number gain. SIGNIFICANCE These studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes in 3q26. These observations provide evidence that regions of somatic copy number gain may harbor cooperating genes of different but complementary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hagerstrand
- 1Departments of Medical Oncology and 2Cancer Biology; 3Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;4Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; 5Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 6Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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