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Criscione SW, Martin MJ, Oien DB, Gorthi A, Miragaia RJ, Zhang J, Chen H, Karl DL, Mendler K, Markovets A, Gagrica S, Delpuech O, Dry JR, Grondine M, Hattersley MM, Urosevic J, Floc’h N, Drew L, Yao Y, Smith PD. The landscape of therapeutic vulnerabilities in EGFR inhibitor osimertinib drug tolerant persister cells. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:95. [PMID: 36575215 PMCID: PMC9794691 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including osimertinib, an irreversible EGFR-TKI, are important treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-TKI sensitizing or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. While patients treated with osimertinib show clinical benefit, disease progression and drug resistance are common. Emergence of de novo acquired resistance from a drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell population is one mechanism proposed to explain progression on osimertinib and other targeted cancer therapies. Here we profiled osimertinib DTPs using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to characterize the features of these cells and performed drug screens to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. We identified several vulnerabilities in osimertinib DTPs that were common across models, including sensitivity to MEK, AURKB, BRD4, and TEAD inhibition. We linked several of these vulnerabilities to gene regulatory changes, for example, TEAD vulnerability was consistent with evidence of Hippo pathway turning off in osimertinib DTPs. Last, we used genetic approaches using siRNA knockdown or CRISPR knockout to validate AURKB, BRD4, and TEAD as the direct targets responsible for the vulnerabilities observed in the drug screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Criscione
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew J. Martin
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek B. Oien
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Aparna Gorthi
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA ,grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas at Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Ricardo J. Miragaia
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Huawei Chen
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Daniel L. Karl
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kerrin Mendler
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Aleksandra Markovets
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sladjana Gagrica
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oona Delpuech
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Dry
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael Grondine
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maureen M. Hattersley
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Floc’h
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Drew
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yi Yao
- grid.418152.b0000 0004 0543 9493Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA USA
| | - Paul D. Smith
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Man N, Mas G, Karl DL, Sun J, Liu F, Yang Q, Torres-Martin M, Itonaga H, Martinez C, Chen S, Xu Y, Duffort S, Hamard PJ, Chen C, Zucconi BE, Cimmino L, Yang FC, Xu M, Cole PA, Figueroa ME, Nimer SD. p300 suppresses the transition of myelodysplastic syndromes to acute myeloid leukemia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:138478. [PMID: 34622806 PMCID: PMC8525640 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of leukemia transformation. Epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in MDS, directly implicating epigenetic dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Here, we identified a tumor suppressor role of the acetyltransferase p300 in clinically relevant MDS models driven by mutations in the epigenetic regulators TET2, ASXL1, and SRSF2. The loss of p300 enhanced the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of Tet2-deficient HSPCs, resulting in an increased HSPC pool and leukemogenicity in primary and transplantation mouse models. Mechanistically, the loss of p300 in Tet2-deficient HSPCs altered enhancer accessibility and the expression of genes associated with differentiation, proliferation, and leukemia development. Particularly, p300 loss led to an increased expression of Myb, and the depletion of Myb attenuated the proliferation of HSPCs and improved the survival of leukemia-bearing mice. Additionally, we show that chemical inhibition of p300 acetyltransferase activity phenocopied Ep300 deletion in Tet2-deficient HSPCs, whereas activation of p300 activity with a small molecule impaired the self-renewal and leukemogenicity of Tet2-deficient cells. This suggests a potential therapeutic application of p300 activators in the treatment of MDS with TET2 inactivating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Ye Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Beth E Zucconi
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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3
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Zhang Y, Chan HL, Garcia-Martinez L, Karl DL, Weich N, Slingerland JM, Verdun RE, Morey L. Estrogen induces dynamic ERα and RING1B recruitment to control gene and enhancer activities in luminal breast cancer. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz7249. [PMID: 32548262 PMCID: PMC7274770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
RING1B, a core Polycomb repressive complex 1 subunit, is a histone H2A ubiquitin ligase essential for development. RING1B is overexpressed in patients with luminal breast cancer (BC) and recruited to actively transcribed genes and enhancers co-occupied by the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Whether ERα-induced transcriptional programs are mediated by RING1B is not understood. We show that prolonged estrogen administration induces transcriptional output and chromatin landscape fluctuations. RING1B loss impairs full estrogen-mediated gene expression and chromatin accessibility for key BC transcription factors. These effects were mediated, in part, by RING1B enzymatic activity and nucleosome binding functions. RING1B is recruited in a cyclic manner to ERα, FOXA1, and GRHL2 cobound sites and regulates estrogen-induced enhancers and ERα recruitment. Last, ChIP exo revealed multiple binding events of these factors at single-nucleotide resolution, including RING1B occupancy approximately 10 base pairs around ERα bound sites. We propose RING1B as a key regulator of the dynamic, liganded-ERα transcriptional regulatory circuit in luminal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ho Lam Chan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Liliana Garcia-Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel L. Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Natalia Weich
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joyce M. Slingerland
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramiro E. Verdun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Liu F, Xu Y, Lu X, Hamard PJ, Karl DL, Man N, Mookhtiar AK, Martinez C, Lossos IS, Sun J, Nimer SD. PRMT5-mediated histone arginine methylation antagonizes transcriptional repression by polycomb complex PRC2. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2956-2968. [PMID: 32025719 PMCID: PMC7102951 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues in histones H3 and H4, marks that are generally associated with transcriptional repression. However, we found that PRMT5 inhibition or depletion led to more genes being downregulated than upregulated, indicating that PRMT5 can also act as a transcriptional activator. Indeed, the global level of histone H3K27me3 increases in PRMT5 deficient cells. Although PRMT5 does not directly affect PRC2 enzymatic activity, methylation of histone H3 by PRMT5 abrogates its subsequent methylation by PRC2. Treating AML cells with an EZH2 inhibitor partially restored the expression of approximately 50% of the genes that are initially downregulated by PRMT5 inhibition, suggesting that the increased H3K27me3 could directly or indirectly contribute to the transcription repression of these genes. Indeed, ChIP-sequencing analysis confirmed an increase in the H3K27me3 level at the promoter region of a quarter of these genes in PRMT5-inhibited cells. Interestingly, the anti-proliferative effect of PRMT5 inhibition was also partially rescued by treatment with an EZH2 inhibitor in several leukemia cell lines. Thus, PRMT5-mediated crosstalk between histone marks contributes to its functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel L Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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5
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Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Kim TM, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Zhang AY, Schmidt B, Karl DL, Nakazawa MS, Park PJ, Simon MC, Yoon SS. Overcoming evasive resistance from vascular endothelial growth factor a inhibition in sarcomas by genetic or pharmacologic targeting of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:29-41. [PMID: 22684860 PMCID: PMC3677782 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in human sarcomas correlate with tumor progression and radiation resistance. Prolonged antiangiogenic therapy of tumors not only delays tumor growth but may also increase hypoxia and HIF-1α activity. In our recent clinical trial, treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antibody, bevacizumab, followed by a combination of bevacizumab and radiation led to near complete necrosis in nearly half of sarcomas. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of microarrays from pretreatment biopsies found that the Gene Ontology category “Response to hypoxia” was upregulated in poor responders and that the hierarchical clustering based on 140 hypoxia-responsive genes reliably separated poor responders from good responders. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for sarcomas, doxorubicin (Dox), was recently found to block HIF-1α binding to DNA at low metronomic doses. In four sarcoma cell lines, HIF-1α shRNA or Dox at low concentrations blocked HIF-1α induction of VEGF-A by 84–97% and carbonic anhydrase 9 by 83–93%. HT1080 sarcoma xenografts had increased hypoxia and/or HIF-1α activity with increasing tumor size and with anti-VEGF receptor antibody (DC101) treatment. Combining DC101 with HIF-1α shRNA or metronomic Dox had a synergistic effect in suppressing growth of HT1080 xenografts, at least in part via induction of tumor endothelial cell apoptosis. In conclusion, sarcomas respond to increased hypoxia by expressing HIF-1α target genes that may promote resistance to antiangiogenic and other therapies. HIF-1α inhibition blocks this evasive resistance and augments destruction of the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Yoon SS, Duda DG, Karl DL, Kim TM, Kambadakone AR, Chen YL, Rothrock C, Rosenberg AE, Nielsen GP, Kirsch DG, Choy E, Harmon DC, Hornicek FJ, Dreyfuss J, Ancukiewicz M, Sahani DV, Park PJ, Jain RK, Delaney TF. Phase II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab and radiotherapy for resectable soft tissue sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81:1081-90. [PMID: 20932656 PMCID: PMC3021107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis inhibitors can increase the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT). We sought to examine the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab (BV) and RT in soft tissue sarcomas and explore biomarkers to help determine the treatment response. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with ≥5 cm, intermediate- or high-grade soft tissue sarcomas at significant risk of local recurrence received neoadjuvant BV alone followed by BV plus RT before surgical resection. Correlative science studies included analysis of the serial blood and tumor samples and serial perfusion computed tomography scans. RESULTS The 20 patients had a median tumor size of 8.25 cm, with 13 extremity, 1 trunk, and 6 retroperitoneal/pelvis tumors. The neoadjuvant treatment was well tolerated, with only 4 patients having Grade 3 toxicities (hypertension, liver function test elevation). BV plus RT resulted in ≥80% pathologic necrosis in 9 (45%) of 20 tumors, more than double the historical rate seen with RT alone. Three patients had a complete pathologic response. The median microvessel density decreased 53% after BV alone (p <.05). After combination therapy, the median tumor cell proliferation decreased by 73%, apoptosis increased 10.4-fold, and the blood flow, blood volume, and permeability surface area decreased by 62-72% (p <.05). Analysis of gene expression microarrays of untreated tumors identified a 24-gene signature for treatment response. The microvessel density and circulating progenitor cells at baseline and the reduction in microvessel density and plasma soluble c-KIT with BV therapy also correlated with a good pathologic response (p <.05). After a median follow-up of 20 months, only 1 patient had developed local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present exploratory study indicated that BV increases the efficacy of RT against soft tissue sarcomas and might reduce the incidence of local recurrence. Thus, this regimen warrants additional investigation. Gene expression profiles and other tissue and circulating biomarkers showed promising correlations with treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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7
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Dayyeh BKA, Yang M, Fuchs BC, Karl DL, Yamada S, Sninsky JJ, O'Brien TR, Dienstag JL, Tanabe KK, Chung RT. A functional polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor gene is associated with risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:141-9. [PMID: 21440548 PMCID: PMC3129453 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A single nucleotide polymorphism 61*G (rs4444903) in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene has been associated, in 2 case-control studies, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We tested associations between demographic, clinical, and genetic data and development of HCC, and developed a simple predictive model in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. METHODS Black and white subjects from the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial (n=816) were followed up prospectively for development of a definite or presumed case of HCC for a median time period of 6.1 years. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression model to determine the hazard ratio for risk of HCC and to develop prediction models. RESULTS Subjects with EGF genotype G/G had a higher adjusted risk for HCC than those with genotype A/A (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.23; P=.03). After adjusting for EGF genotype, blacks had no increased risk of HCC risk compared with whites. Higher serum levels of EGF were observed among subjects with at least one G allele (P=.08); the subset of subjects with EGF G/G genotype and above-median serum levels of EGF had the highest risk of HCC. We developed a simple prediction model that included the EGF genotype to identify patients at low, intermediate, and high risk for HCC; 6-year cumulative HCC incidences were 2.3%, 10.4%, and 26%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We associated the EGF genotype G/G with increased risk for HCC; differences in its frequency among black and white subjects might account for differences in HCC incidence between these groups. We developed a model that incorporates EGF genotype and demographic and clinical variables to identify patients at low, intermediate, and high risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barham K. Abu Dayyeh
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May Yang
- New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L. Karl
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jules L. Dienstag
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Lee YJ, Karl DL, Maduekwe UN, Rothrock C, Ryeom S, D'Amore PA, Yoon SS. Differential effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 inhibition on tumor metastases based on host organ environment. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8357-67. [PMID: 20978198 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors induce new blood vessel growth primarily from host organ microvascular endothelial cells (EC), and microvasculature differs significantly between the lung and liver. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A) promotion of tumor angiogenesis is thought to be mediated primarily by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, VEGFR-2 antibody (DC101) inhibited growth of RenCa renal cell carcinoma lung metastases by 26%, whereas VEGFR-1 antibody (MF-1) had no effect. However, VEGFR-2 neutralization had no effect on RenCa liver metastases, whereas VEGFR-1 neutralization decreased RenCa liver metastases by 31%. For CT26 colon carcinoma liver metastases, inhibition of both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was required to induce growth delay. VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 inhibition decreased tumor burden not by preventing the establishment of micrometastases but rather by preventing vascularization and growth of micrometastases by 55% and 43%, respectively. VEGF induced greater phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in lung ECs and of VEGFR-1 in liver ECs. EC proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation in vitro were suppressed more by VEGFR-2 inhibition for lung EC and more by VEGFR-1 inhibition for liver EC. Collectively, our results indicate that liver metastases are more reliant on VEGFR-1 than lung metastases to mediate angiogenesis due to differential activity of VEGFRs on liver EC versus lung EC. Thus, therapies inhibiting specific VEGFRs should consider the targeted sites of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Karl DL, Lee YJ, Koch M, Torres-Collado AX, Fernando NT, Rothrock C, Kuruppu D, Ryeom S, Iruela-Arispe ML, Yoon SS. Abstract 2325: Thrombospondin 1 inhibits angiogenesis in liver metastases but not lung metastases due to differential cleavage activity of ADAMTS1. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Metastases to any organ site require angiogenesis for tumor expansion. Tumor angiogenesis is restrained by a variety of endogenous inhibitors including thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). The principal anti-angiogenic activity of TSP1 resides in a domain containing 3 TSP1 repeats (3TSR), and TSP1 cleavage is regulated, in part, by the metalloproteinase ADAMTS1.
Methods and Results: Wild-type B16F10 melanoma cells formed increased liver metastases in Tsp1-null mice compared to controls but equivalent lung metastases in Tsp1-null mice and controls. Stable cell lines of B16F10, CT26 colon carcinoma, and RenCa renal carcinoma overexpressing full-length TSP1 or 3TSR were generated. Metastases from CT26 and RenCa cell lines over-expressing TSP1 were reduced in liver but not in lung. To determine why TSP1 blocked metastatic tumor growth in the liver but not the lung, we examined cleavage of recombinant TSP1 protein by liver and lung lysates and found that liver lysate cleaved TSP1 into its 3TSR domain much more efficiently that lung lysate. TSP1-mediated inhibition of CT26 lung metastases was restored when only the 3TSR domain was over-expressed rather than full-length TSP1. Liver lysate cleavage activity was significantly abrogated when ADAMTS1 activity was (1) neutralized using ADAMTS-1 antibody, (2) knocked down by lentiviral shRNA, or (3) absent in Adamts1-null liver lysate. Livers metastases generated from B16F10 cells over-expressing TSP1 in Adamts1-haploinsufficient mice demonstrated accelerated growth compared to growth in wild-type mice.
Conclusions: TSP1 inhibits the growth of liver metastases but not lung metastases secondary to differential cleavage of TSP1 into anti-angiogenic fragments by ADAMTS1. This study emphasizes the importance of host organ environment in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2325.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Ryeom
- 3Univeristy of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Sam S. Yoon
- 3Univeristy of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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