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Oguejiofor F, Kiggundu DS, Bello AK, Swanepoel CR, Ashuntantang G, Jha V, Harris DC, Levin A, Tonelli M, Niang A, Wearne N, Moloi MW, Ulasi I, Arogundade FA, Saad S, Zaidi D, Osman MA, Ye F, Lunney M, Olanrewaju TO, Ekrikpo U, Umeizudike TI, Abdu A, Nalado AM, Makusidi MA, Liman HM, Sakajiki A, Diongole HM, Khan M, Benghanem Gharbi M, Johnson DW, Okpechi IG. International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Africa. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2021; 11:e11-e23. [PMID: 33981467 PMCID: PMC8084720 DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite positive economic forecasts, stable democracies, and reduced regional conflicts since the turn of the century, Africa continues to be afflicted by poverty, poor infrastructure, and a massive burden of communicable diseases such as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal illnesses. With the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure worldwide, these factors continue to hinder the ability to provide kidney care for millions of people on the continent. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas project was established to assess the global burden of kidney disease and measure global capacity for kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). The aim of this second iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas was to evaluate the availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality of kidney care worldwide. We identified several gaps regarding kidney care in Africa, chief of which are (i) severe workforce limitations, especially in terms of the number of nephrologists; (ii) low government funding for kidney care; (iii) limited availability, accessibility, reporting, and quality of provided kidney replacement therapy; and (iv) weak national strategies and advocacy for kidney disease. We also identified that within Africa, the availability and accessibility to kidney replacement therapy vary significantly, with North African countries faring far better than sub-Sahara African countries. The evidence suggests an urgent need to increase the workforce and government funding for kidney care, collect adequate information on the burden of kidney disease from African countries, and develop and implement strategies to enhance disease prevention and control across the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Oguejiofor
- Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel S. Kiggundu
- Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aminu K. Bello
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles R. Swanepoel
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gloria Ashuntantang
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde General Hospital, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - David C.H. Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adeera Levin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization’s Collaborating Centre in Prevention and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdou Niang
- Department of Nephrology, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop, University Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicola Wearne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ifeoma Ulasi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
- University of Nigeria Nsukka Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Fatiu A. Arogundade
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Syed Saad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deenaz Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohamed A. Osman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meaghan Lunney
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy O. Olanrewaju
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Udeme Ekrikpo
- Department of Medicine, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | | | - Aliyu Abdu
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Aisha M. Nalado
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Aliyu Makusidi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Hamidu M. Liman
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Sakajiki
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Hassane M. Diongole
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Zinder, Zinder, Niger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zinder, Zinder, Niger
| | - Maryam Khan
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Benghanem Gharbi
- Urinary Tract Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - David W. Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ikechi G. Okpechi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - ISN Africa Regional Board
- Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde General Hospital, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization’s Collaborating Centre in Prevention and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop, University Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
- Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
- University of Nigeria Nsukka Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Zinder, Zinder, Niger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zinder, Zinder, Niger
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Urinary Tract Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Nephrology, Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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