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KADOTA C, MIYAOKA Y, KABIR MH, HAKIM H, HASAN MA, SHOHAM D, MURAKAMI H, TAKEHARA K. Evaluation of chlorine dioxide in liquid state and in gaseous state as virucidal agent against avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1040-1046. [PMID: 37648459 PMCID: PMC10600528 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in liquid (ClO2 gas dissolved liquid) and gaseous state against avian influenza virus (AIV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was evaluated. To evaluate the effect of ClO2 in liquid state, suspension tests (10 ppm) and carrier tests in dropping / wiping techniques (100 ppm) were performed. In the suspension test, virus titers were reduced below the detection limit within 15 sec after treatment, in spite of the presence of an accompanying organic matter. In the carrier test by dropping technique, AIV and IBV were reduced to below the detection limit in 1 and 3 min, respectively. Following wiping technique, no virus was detected in the wiping sheets after 30 sec of reaction. Both viruses adhering to the carriers were also reduced by 3 logs, thereby indicating that they were effectively inactivated. In addition, the effect of ClO2 gas against IBV in aerosols was evaluated. After the exposure of sprayed IBV to ClO2 gas for a few seconds, 94.2% reduction of the virus titer was observed, as compared to the pre-treatment control. Altogether, hence, ClO2 has an evident potential to be an effective disinfectant for the prevention and control of AIV and IBV infections on poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaki KADOTA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Yu MIYAOKA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Humayun KABIR
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hakimullah HAKIM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Amirul HASAN
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dany SHOHAM
- Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Harumi MURAKAMI
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki TAKEHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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YAMADA M, KUBOTA K, TAKAHASHI S, TOYOFUKU C, HAKIM H, ALAM MS, HASAN MA, SHOHAM D, TAKEHARA K. Longitudinal and cross-sectional detection of four bovine enteric viruses by multiplex- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: Identification of possible indicator viruses to assess biosecurity level at bovine farms. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:314-319. [PMID: 31941845 PMCID: PMC7118485 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It can be judged that if the detection frequency of prevalent pathogenic viruses decreases, biosecurity has been enhanced. To monitor bovine farm biosecurity levels, one-step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the simultaneous detection of group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine torovirus (BToV), bovine enterovirus (BEV), and bovine coronavirus (BCV) was designed, with the aim of configuring candidates for "viral pathogen indicators". A total of 322 bovine fecal samples were collected from calves aged less than three months at 48 bovine farms in Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures. At farm A, 20 calves were selected and sampled weekly for 12 weeks (184 samples); at farm B, 10 calves were selected and sampled for five weeks (50 samples); and at the rest of the 46 farms, 88 calves were sampled once. The screening on the 358 field samples proved positive for 27 RVA, 4 BToV, 55 BEV, and 52 BCV. In the successive sampling, RVA was detected once but not continuously, whereas BEV and BCV were detected in succession for up to five weeks. The results revealed that RVA was the primary agent among the positive samples obtained from calves aged three weeks or less, while BEV was the primary among those from the older than three weeks old. They can be employed as useful viral pathogen indicators for soundly evaluating biosecurity at bovine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi YAMADA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kai KUBOTA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoru TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chiharu TOYOFUKU
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hakimullah HAKIM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md. Shahin ALAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md. Amirul HASAN
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Dany SHOHAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic
Studies, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Kazuaki TAKEHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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ALAM MS, TAKAHASHI S, ITO M, KOMURA M, SUZUKI M, SANGSRIRATANAKUL N, SHOHAM D, TAKEHARA K. Bactericidal efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound with food additive grade calcium hydroxide toward Salmonella Infantis and Escherichia coli on abiotic carriers. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1482-1489. [PMID: 30111673 PMCID: PMC6207515 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal efficacies of 0.2% food additive grade calcium hydroxide (FdCa(OH)2) solution, a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) diluted at 1:500 (QACx500) and their mixture-Mix500 (FdCa(OH)2 powder added at final concentration 0.2% to QACx500)-were investigated at two different temperatures (room temperature (RT) (25 ± 2°C) and 2°C), using varying contact time, with or without presence of organic materials (5% fetal bovine serum: FBS), either in suspension or on abiotic carrier (steel, rubber and plastic). In the suspension test, QACx500 could inactivate Salmonella Infantis at effective level (≥3 log reductions), within 30 sec and 5 sec, respectively, with or without 5% FBS at RT; however, at 2°C it required 30 min and 1 min, respectively. Mix500 revealed the same efficacy as QACx500 at RT, but, at 2°C it required 1 min and 30 sec, respectively with or without FBS. Whereas, 0.2% FdCa(OH)2 solution alone could inactivate S. Infantis within 1 min and 3 min, respectively at RT and 2°C, even with 5% FBS. In the carrier test, single disinfectant required bit more (3 or 5 min) contact time to reduce bacterial load (S. Infantis or Escherichia coli) down to the effective level on rubber surface than that on steel and plastic surface. However, Mix500 could inactivate both bacteria on carrier surfaces within 1 min, even at 2°C. Thus, synergistic effects were observed in the suspension test and the carrier test at both temperatures toward both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahin ALAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoru TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mariko ITO
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miyuki KOMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayuko SUZUKI
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natthanan SANGSRIRATANAKUL
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Dany SHOHAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic
Studies, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Kazuaki TAKEHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of
Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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HAKIM H, TOYOFUKU C, OTA M, SUZUKI M, KOMURA M, YAMADA M, ALAM MS, SANGSRIRATANAKUL N, SHOHAM D, TAKEHARA K. Accuracy of the evaluation method for alkaline agents' bactericidal efficacies in solid, and the required time of bacterial inactivation. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:244-247. [PMID: 27890906 PMCID: PMC5326925 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An alkaline agent, namely food additive grade calcium hydroxide (FdCa (OH)2) in the powder form, was evaluated for its bactericidal efficacies in chicken feces at pH 13. The point for this evaluation was neutralization of the alkaline agent's pH at the time of bacterial recovery, since otherwise the results are substantially misleading. Without neutralization of the FdCa (OH)2 pH, the spiked bacteria were killed within min at the time of recovery in aqueous phase, but not in the solid form in feces, hence, it has been demonstrated that when bacteria were in solid, it took longer time than in liquid for the alkaline agent to inactivate them down to the acceptable level (≥3 log10 CFU/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimullah HAKIM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu
University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Chiharu TOYOFUKU
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mari OTA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayuko SUZUKI
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miyuki KOMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masashi YAMADA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Md. Shahin ALAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu
University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Natthanan SANGSRIRATANAKUL
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu
University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Dany SHOHAM
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic
Studies, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Kazuaki TAKEHARA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8,
Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu
University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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