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Oulkar D, Singh K, Narayan B. Characterization of different parts of litchi fruit using UHPLC-QExactive Orbitrap. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:4889-4906. [PMID: 36276521 PMCID: PMC9579223 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Litchi fruit is consumed across the globe for its high nutritional value and taste. The qualitative profiling of litchi fruit has been carried out by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with QExactive high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Acidified water: methanol: acetonitrile (1:1:1) extracts from individual parts (skin, pulp, and seed) of matured litchi, were subjected to LC-MS analysis with electrospray ionization in full MS-ddMS2 mode as a non-target approach. The data was processed through compound discoverer software by the use of mzCloud and ChemSpider databases, for compound identification. We identified 77 compounds with protonated or deprotonated forms based on the polarity and their characteristic fragments are within ± 4 ppm mass error and retention time ± 0.1 min for parent and fragments. Hypoglycin B is the first time reported in litchi fruit along with hypoglycin A. Further, we verified the distribution of the identified components and differentiation of three different parts of litchi through principal component analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05577-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasharath Oulkar
- FSSAI-Thermo Fisher Scientific Food Safety Solution Center, National Food Laboratory-Delhi NCR, Indirapuram, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Bhaskar Narayan
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Kotla Road, New Delhi, India
- Present Address: FSSAI On Deputation From CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India
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Dhanshetty M, Shinde R, Goon A, Oulkar D, Elliott CT, Banerjee K. Analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in chilli powder using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and tandem mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 38:193-203. [PMID: 35834161 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chilli powder, a popular spice, is predominantly contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA), posing a menace to public health. As no validated method exists for the simultaneous and direct analysis of AFs and OTA in chilli powder, it was imperative to develop one to ensure their effective monitoring and promote trade. In this research, we developed and validated a multi-mycotoxin analysis method that allows the simultaneous determination of AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and OTA in chilli powder with high sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The optimised sample preparation workflow started with the extraction of chilli powder (25 g) with methanol-water (100 mL, 80:20). An aliquot (3 mL) was cleaned on a multi-mycotoxin, immunoaffinity column (AFLAOCHRA PREP®) and analysed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence (UHPLC-FLD) and tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection in a single chromatographic run. The method performance was evaluated through intra- and inter-laboratory validation (ILV) studies, and also by analysing a certified reference material. A direct analysis using UHPLC-FLD (without derivatisation) provided the limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 1 ng/g for AFs and OTA, respectively, while the LOQ for all these mycotoxins in LC-MS/MS was 0.5 ng/g. These LOQs are much lower than the maximum levels (MLs) specified by the European Commission. The recoveries of these analytes at LOQ and higher levels were above 75% (RSDr < 12%). The ILV study demonstrated satisfactory method-reproducibility (RSDR < 25%). The analysis of the certified reference material provided accuracies of AFs and OTA in the range of 83-101%. The analysis by UHPLC-FLD and LC-MS/MS provided very similar results. The incurred levels of B1 in market samples were estimated with a precision-RSD of < 6%. Considering its efficiency and alignment with the regulatory requirements, this method can be implemented for the routine analysis of AFs and OTA in chilli powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dhanshetty
- P.O. Manjri Farm, National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Raviraj Shinde
- P.O. Manjri Farm, National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Arnab Goon
- P.O. Manjri Farm, National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- P.O. Manjri Farm, National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- P.O. Manjri Farm, National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India.
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Koley TK, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Banerjee T, Singh A, Karkute SG, Banerjee K. Coupling the high-resolution LC-MS characterisation of the phenolic compounds with the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of helencha ( Enydra fluctuans Lour.). J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:4755-4765. [PMID: 34629540 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-04968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the polyphenol profile of helencha (Enydra fluctuans Lour.), an underutilised, aquatic leafy vegetable, based on high resolution accurate mass analysis. The methanolic extract of helencha leaves was screened by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). An in-house developed database of phytochemical metabolites was referred for compound identifications. Based on the detection of the pseudomolecular ion and at least one molecule-specific fragment ion (each with < 5 ppm of mass error), 25 potentially-bioactive phenolic compounds were putatively identified. These included 6 flavonols, 4 phenolic acids, 3 lignans, 3 flavones and 1 each of flavanol, flavanone, dihydroflavonol, tetramethoxyflavone, isoflavonoid and methylated flavonol. In addition, 3 unclassified compounds are also reported. The helencha extract showed antibiofilm properties with a potent bacteriostatic activity against the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogenic bacteria. The complementary molecular docking studies indicated strong binding interactions of the identified compounds with the active site of LasR protein of P. aeruginosa. The in vitro and in silico study results would be useful to develop novel neutraceutical products based on helencha-extract and design new lead compounds to control the biofilm producing pathogenic microorganisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13197-021-04968-y).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zareen Khan
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Suhas Gorakh Karkute
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
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Koley TK, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Singh B, Bhatt BP, Banerjee K. Profiling of polyphenols in phalsa ( Grewia asiatica L) fruits based on liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:606-616. [PMID: 32116370 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to screen the metabolite profile of phalsa (Grewia asiatica), an underutilized fruit crop, using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric analysis. A total of 50 compounds were tentatively identified based on their molecular mass and characteristic fragment ions, each with less than 5 ppm of mass error. These compounds included 21 flavonols, 2 dihydroflavonols, 7 flavones, 3 flavanols, 6 anthocyanins, 3 isoflavonoids, 2 phenolic acids, 2 flavanones, and 4 other phenolics. Flavonols were the predominant group of compounds, representing around 52.6% of the total phenolics. The paper has also discussed the potentiality of phalsa as an emerging functional food for the management of various human diseases in relation to the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zareen Khan
- 2National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Government of India, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412 307 India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- 2National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Government of India, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412 307 India
| | - Bijendra Singh
- 3ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - B P Bhatt
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014 India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- 2National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Government of India, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412 307 India
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Koley TK, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Singh B, Maurya A, Singh B, Banerjee K. High resolution LC-MS characterization of phenolic compounds and the evaluation of antioxidant properties of a tropical purple radish genotype. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Savalekar K, Ahammed Shabeer TP, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Jain P, Patil C, Banerjee K. Targeted phenolic profiling of Sauvignon blanc and Shiraz grapes grown in two regions of India by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:3300-3312. [PMID: 31274897 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds play an important role in production of quality grapes and wines. The current investigation focused on optimization of an extraction method for targeted analysis of 33 phenolic compounds in grapes by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The optimized method was successfully used for phenolic profiling of two wine grape varieties, Sauvignon blanc (white) and Shiraz (red) originated from Pune and Nasik regions of Maharashtra State, India. The optimized sample preparation procedure involved liquid-liquid extraction with acidified methanol by vortexing for 2 min followed by analysis on LC-MS/MS. The limit of quantification of the targeted compounds was in the range of 29 to 411 µg/L. The results indicated that skin of both varieties contained the highest amount of flavonols (69.47 ± 14.74 mg/kg in Sauvignon blanc and 129.47 ± 10.05 mg/kg in Shiraz) compared to pulp. The highest amounts of flavan-3-ols were present in grape seed collected from the Pune region (2016.84 ± 14.73 mg/kg in Sauvignon blanc and 1945.06 ± 32.69 mg/kg in Shiraz). The concentration of stilbenes was the highest in grape skin (0.13 ± 0.52 to 5.78 ± 5.45 mg/kg) compared to seed and pulp of both varities. Hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillin), hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid) and anthocyanins (oenin, malvidin, cyanidin and kuromanin) were found only in Shiraz variety. The results of antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assay) indicated the highest scavenging activity in seed (978.64 ± 56.23 to1133.38 ± 143.65 µMol TE/g DW FRAP and 594.93 ± 37.94 to 631.94 ± 56.45 µMol TE/g DW in DPPH). The phenolic contents in Sauvignon blanc and Shiraz grapes between Pune and Nasik regions did not have any significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Savalekar
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India.,2Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 India
| | - T P Ahammed Shabeer
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Zareen Khan
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Prachi Jain
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Chanchal Patil
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- 1National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
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Manna K, Mishra S, Saha M, Mahapatra S, Saha C, Yenge G, Gaikwad N, Pal R, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy using pomegranate peel extract-stabilized gold nanoparticles: assessment of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling system. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1753-1777. [PMID: 30880978 PMCID: PMC6413818 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an end-stage renal disorder, has posed a menace to humankind globally, because of its complex nature and poorly understandable intricate mechanism. In recent times, functional foods as potential health benefits have been gaining attention of consumers and researchers alike. Rich in antioxidants, the peel and seed of pomegranate have previously demonstrated protection against oxidative-stress-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Purpose This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of pomegranate peel extract–stabilized gold nanoparticle (PPE-AuNP) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in an experimental murine model. Methods Following the reduction methods, AuNP was prepared using the pomegranate peel ellagitannins and characterized by particle size, physical appearance, and morphological architecture. Modulatory potential of PPE-AuNP was examined through the plethora of biochemical and high throughput techniques, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The animals treated with PPE-AuNP markedly reduced the fasting blood glucose, renal toxicity indices, and serum TC and TG in a hyperglycemic condition. As evident from an increased level of plasma insulin level, PPE-AuNP normalized the STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The STZ-mediated suppression of endogenous antioxidant response was restored by the PPE-AuNP treatment, which reduced the generation of LPO as well as iROS. Furthermore, the hyperglycemia-mediated augmentation of protein glycation, followed by the NOX4/p-47phox activation, diminished with the application of PPE-AuNP. The histological and immunohistochemical findings showed the protective efficacy of PPE-AuNP in reducing STZ-induced glomerular sclerosis and renal fibrosis. In addition, it reduced proinflammatory burden through the modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3/cytokine axis. Simultaneously, PI3K/AKT-guided Nrf2 activation was evident upon the PPE-AuNP application, which enhanced the antioxidant response and maintained hyperglycemic homeostasis. Conclusion The findings indicate that the use of PPE-AuNPs might act as an economic therapeutic remedy for alleviating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Chirag Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Govind Yenge
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramkrishna Pal
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
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Oulkar D, Shinde R, Khan Z, Banerjee K. High throughput residue analysis of paraquat and diquat involving hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric determination. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:120-130. [PMID: 30605012 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1547424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS method is reported for the determination of the residues of paraquat and diquat in various fruit matrices, including grape, apple and pomegranate. The extraction with acidified water (0.1 M HCl) at 80°C (15 min) offered superior recoveries for both analytes with a significantly lower matrix effects as compared to the extraction with acidified methanol by the methods reported in the existing literature. The optimised HPLC conditions on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, when coupled with electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry, offered their limit of quantification at 0.01 mg kg-1. The analysis on an XBridge HILIC column required a thorough optimisation of the gradient programme to induce chromatographic separation and minimise matrix effects. This was not necessary when a CORTECS HILIC column was used, which provided selective and sensitive analysis within 5 min runtime using isocratic flow. Isotopically labelled internal standards corrected the recoveries of both analytes within 70-120% (RSD < 20%). For the first time, the applications of high resolution accurate mass analysis in the 'time of flight - multiple reaction monitoring' mode have been demonstrated as a complementary means of targeted screening of these compounds at 0.01 mg kg-1 level. The method has a strong potential for applications in both official control and by those involved in food production for checking compliance with the EU MRLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasharath Oulkar
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR National Research Centre for Grapes , Pune , India
| | - Raviraj Shinde
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR National Research Centre for Grapes , Pune , India
| | - Zareen Khan
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR National Research Centre for Grapes , Pune , India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR National Research Centre for Grapes , Pune , India
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Oulkar D, Goon A, Dhanshetty M, Khan Z, Satav S, Banerjee K. High-sensitivity direct analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts and cereal matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection involving a large volume flow cell. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:255-260. [PMID: 29278977 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1410416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a sensitive and cost effective method of analysis for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The sample preparation method was primarily optimised in peanuts, followed by its validation in a range of peanut-processed products and cereal (rice, corn, millets) matrices. Peanut slurry [12.5 g peanut + 12.5 mL water] was extracted with methanol: water (8:2, 100 mL), cleaned through an immunoaffinity column and thereafter measured directly by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UPLC-FLD) detection, within a chromatographic runtime of 5 minutes. The use of a large volume flow cell in the FLD nullified the requirement of any post-column derivatisation and provided the lowest ever reported limits of quantification of 0.025 for B1 and G1 and 0.01 μg/kg for B2 and G2. The single laboratory validation of the method provided acceptable selectivity, linearity, recovery and precision for reliable quantifications in all the test matrices as well as demonstrated compliance with the EC 401/2006 guidelines for analytical quality control of aflatoxins in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasharath Oulkar
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Arnab Goon
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Manisha Dhanshetty
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Zareen Khan
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Sagar Satav
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- a National Referral Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Ahammed Shabeer TP, Girame R, Utture S, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Ajay D, Arimboor R, Menon KRK. Optimization of multi-residue method for targeted screening and quantitation of 243 pesticide residues in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Chemosphere 2018; 193:447-453. [PMID: 29154120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Higher matrix interference makes the multi-residue pesticide analysis in spices more challenging. A simple, sensitive, and robust large-scale multi-residue method was developed for the rapid analysis of 243 pesticides in cardamom matrix by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Prehydration of cardamom in 1:4 sample:water for 30 min improved the homogeneity and extractability. QuEChERS extraction followed by cleanup with 25 mg primary secondary amine, 100 mg C18, and 10 mg graphitized carbon black to 1 ml supernatant was used for sample preparation. Reconstitution of final extract in ethyl acetate reduced matrix co-extract up to 60%. The method was validated according to the SANTE/11,945/2015 guidelines. The limit of quantification was ≤0.01 mg kg-1, and the recovery was within 70.0-120.0%, with ≤20% RSD for the majority of pesticides. The method was used for screening market samples, and the detected residues were devoid of any risk of acute toxicity related to dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Ahammed Shabeer
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grape, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412307, India.
| | - Rushali Girame
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grape, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Sagar Utture
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grape, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grape, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grape, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412307, India
| | - D Ajay
- Spices Board, Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Mailadumpara, Kerala, 685553, India
| | - Ranjith Arimboor
- Spices Board, Quality Evaluation Laboratory, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400703, India
| | - K R K Menon
- Spices Board, Quality Evaluation Laboratory, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400703, India
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Bansal R, Sherkhane PD, Oulkar D, Khan Z, Banerjee K, Mukherjee PK. The Viridin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Trichoderma virens
and Its Conservancy in the Bat White-Nose Fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Bansal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Pramod D. Sherkhane
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Zareen Khan
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
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12
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Goon A, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Shinde R, Gaikwad S, Banerjee K. A simultaneous screening and quantitative method for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in spices using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thorat L, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Gaikwad SM, Nath BB. High-throughput mass spectrometry analysis revealed a role for glucosamine in potentiating recovery following desiccation stress in Chironomus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3659. [PMID: 28623254 PMCID: PMC5473918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is an essential survival trait, especially in tropical aquatic organisms that are vulnerable to severe challenges posed by hydroperiodicity patterns in their habitats, characterized by dehydration-rehydration cycles. Here, we report a novel role for glucosamine as a desiccation stress-responsive metabolite in the underexplored tropical aquatic midge, Chironomus ramosus. Using high- throughput liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, biochemical assays and gene expression studies, we confirmed that glucosamine was essential during the recovery phase in C. ramosus larvae. Additionally, we demonstrated that trehalose, a known stress-protectant was crucial during desiccation but did not offer any advantage to the larvae during recovery. Based on our findings, we emphasise on the collaborative interplay of glucosamine and trehalose in conferring overall resilience to desiccation stress and propose the involvement of the trehalose-chitin metabolic interface in insects as one of the stress-management strategies to potentiate recovery post desiccation through recruitment of glucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Thorat
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | - Sushama M Gaikwad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Bimalendu B Nath
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Sherkhane PD, Bansal R, Banerjee K, Chatterjee S, Oulkar D, Jain P, Rosenfelder L, Elgavish S, Horwitz BA, Mukherjee PK. Genomics-Driven Discovery of the Gliovirin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in the Plant Beneficial Fungus Trichoderma Virens. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod D. Sherkhane
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Ravindra Bansal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Suchandra Chatterjee
- Food Technology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Prachi Jain
- National Referral Laboratory; ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes; Pune 412307 India
| | - Lea Rosenfelder
- Department of Biology; TheTechnion- Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Department of Biology; TheTechnion- Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Horwitz
- Department of Biology; TheTechnion- Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay; Mumbai 400085 India
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Swami S, Muzammil R, Saha S, Shabeer A, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Singh SB. Evaluation of ozonation technique for pesticide residue removal and its effect on ascorbic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and polyphenols in apple (Malus domesticus) fruits. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:301. [PMID: 27098519 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozonated water dip technique was evaluated for the detoxification of six pesticides, i.e., chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, methyl parathion, and chlorothalonil from apple fruits. Results revealed that ozonation was better than washing alone. Ozonation for 15 min decreased residues of the test pesticides in the range of from 26.91 to 73.58%, while ozonation for 30 min could remove the pesticide residues by 39.39-95.14 % compared to 19.05-72.80 % by washing. Cypermethrin was the least removed pesticide by washing as well as by ozonation. Chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin were removed up to 71.45-95.14 % in a 30-min ozonation period. In case of methyl parathion removal, no extra advantage could be obtained by ozonation. The HPLC analysis indicated that ozonation also affected adversely the ascorbic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside content of apples. However, 11 polyphenols studied showed a mixed trend. Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to decrease while syringic acid, rutin, and resveratrol were found to increase in 30-min ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Swami
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Raunaq Muzammil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ahammed Shabeer
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307, India
| | | | | | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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16
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Shabeer T P A, Girame R, Hingmire S, Banerjee K, Sharma AK, Oulkar D, Utture S, Jadhav M. Dissipation pattern, safety evaluation, and generation of processing factor (PF) for pyraclostrobin and metiram residues in grapes during raisin preparation. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:31. [PMID: 25632901 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A residue analysis method was validated for trace level estimation of pyraclostrobin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metiram (analyzed as CS2) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in grapes and raisin matrix. Dissipation of their residues and processing factors (PFs) during raisin making were evaluated through field studies with applications at single dose (SD) and double dose (DD). Residue data during drying process were best fitted to first + first-order kinetics model giving half-life ranging between 6 and 7 days for pyroclostrobin and 4 days for metiram. PFs for metiram and pyraclostrobin related to washing and oil dipping were 0.47 and 0.41, and 0.78 and 0.63 at single dose (SD) and double dose (DD), respectively. PF value of >1 for drying (1.01 and 1.31 for metiram and 1.34 and 1.10 for pyraclostrobin) indicates concentration of the residues during the drying process. The dietary exposure corresponding to average daily consumption of 0.0043 kg raisin per day on each sampling day was less than the respective maximum permissible intake at both the doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahammed Shabeer T P
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, 412 307, India,
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17
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Doshi P, Adsule P, Banerjee K, Oulkar D. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and insulinotropic effect of extracts prepared from grape (Vitis vinifera L) byproducts. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:181-90. [PMID: 25593367 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Grape byproducts are a rich source of phenolics having immense medicinal properties, but usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. The present study investigates the phenolic antioxidants and the insulinotropic effect of extracts prepared from seed, skin and stems of two red wine grape cultivars: Pusa Navarang and Merlot. Pusa Navarang cultivar has shown high amounts of total phenolics (95.8 mg/ml), flavonoids (30.5 mg/ml) and flavan-3-ols (21.8 mg/ml) in seed extract and total anthocyanin (4.9 mg/ml) in its skin extract as compared to Merlot cultivar. As determined using HPLC, higher amounts of catechin hydrate (14909 mg/l) and epicatechin (9299 mg/l) were observed in its seed extract, while quercetin hydrate (5849 mg/l) was abundant in its skin extract. Similarly, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS(+). [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid] and DPPH. (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy- drazyl) radicals scavenging, were higher in its seed extract, respectively being 134.8 mg/ml of Quercetin equivalent (QE), 18.7 mM of trolox equivalent (TE) and 33.5 mM of TE. Strong correlation was obtained between FRAP and total phenolics, flavonoids and flavan-3-ols contents with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.915, 0.738 and 0.838 respectively. Interestingly, there was a 2-8 fold increase in insulin secretion by isolated mice pancreatic islets at 5.5 mM and 16.5 mM glucose concentration in presence of various extracts. Overall, the seed, skin and stem byproducts of both cultivars are rich sources of phenolics and antioxidants and represent a source of new insulin secretagogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Doshi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411 007 Maharashtra India
| | - Pandurang Adsule
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 Maharashtra India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 Maharashtra India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412 307 Maharashtra India
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Zhang K, Wong JW, Yang P, Hayward DG, Sakuma T, Zou Y, Schreiber A, Borton C, Nguyen TV, Kaushik B, Oulkar D. Protocol for an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectral product ion library: development and application for identification of 240 pesticides in foods. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5677-84. [PMID: 22686274 DOI: 10.1021/ac300844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modern determination techniques for pesticides must yield identification quickly with high confidence for timely enforcement of tolerances. A protocol for the collection of liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadruple linear ion trap (Q-LIT) mass spectrometry (MS) library spectra was developed. Following the protocol, an enhanced product ion (EPI) library of 240 pesticides was developed by use of spectra collected from two laboratories. A LC-Q-LIT-MS workflow using scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) survey scan, information-dependent acquisition (IDA) triggered collection of EPI spectra, and library search was developed and tested to identify the 240 target pesticides in one single LC-Q-LIT MS analysis. By use of LC retention time, one sMRM survey scan transition, and a library search, 75-87% of the 240 pesticides were identified in a single LC/MS analysis at fortified concentrations of 10 ng/g in 18 different foods. A conventional approach with LC-MS/MS using two MRM transitions produced the same identifications and comparable quantitative results with the same incurred foods as the LC-Q-LIT using EPI library search, finding 1.2-49 ng/g of either carbaryl, carbendazim, fenbuconazole, propiconazole, or pyridaben in peaches; carbendazim, imazalil, terbutryn, and thiabendazole in oranges; terbutryn in salmon; and azoxystrobin in ginseng. Incurred broccoli, cabbage, and kale were screened with the same EPI library using three LC-Q-LIT and a LC-quadruple time-of-flight (Q-TOF) instruments. The library search identified azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxinil, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, spinosyn A, D, and J, amd spirotetramat with each instrument. The approach has a broad application in LC-MS/MS type targeted screening in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
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