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Mufazalov IA, Andruszewski D, Schelmbauer C, Heink S, Blanfeld M, Masri J, Tang Y, Schüler R, Eich C, Wunderlich FT, Karbach SH, Bluestone JA, Korn T, Waisman A. Cutting Edge: IL-6-Driven Immune Dysregulation Is Strictly Dependent on IL-6R α-Chain Expression. J Immunol 2020; 204:747-751. [PMID: 31924653 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 binds to the IL-6R α-chain (IL-6Rα) and signals via the signal transducer gp130. Recently, IL-6 was found to also bind to the cell surface glycoprotein CD5, which would then engage gp130 in the absence of IL-6Rα. However, the biological relevance of this alternative pathway is under debate. In this study, we developed a mouse model, in which murine IL-6 is overexpressed in a CD11c-Cre-dependent manner. Transgenic mice developed a lethal immune dysregulation syndrome with increased numbers of Ly-6G+ neutrophils and Ly-6Chi monocytes/macrophages. IL-6 overexpression promoted activation of CD4+ T cells while suppressing CD5+ B-1a cell development. However, additional ablation of IL-6Rα protected IL-6-overexpressing mice from IL-6-triggered inflammation and fully phenocopied IL-6Rα-deficient mice without IL-6 overexpression. Mechanistically, IL-6Rα deficiency completely prevented downstream activation of STAT3 in response to IL-6. Altogether, our data clarify that IL-6Rα is the only biologically relevant receptor for IL-6 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - David Andruszewski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heink
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Blanfeld
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joumana Masri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yilang Tang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Eich
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Aging-Associated Diseases, Institute for Genetics, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Susanne H Karbach
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Korn
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Neuroimmunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Mufazalov I, Brandfald M, Schelmbauer C, Andruszewski D, Tang Y, Masri J, Karbach S, Eich C, Wunderlich T, Korn T, Bluestone J, Waisman A. IL-6 overexpression triggers inflammation through its only relevant receptor IL-6R. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.181.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates development and function of variety immune cells. Here we used a novel mouse strain in which IL-6 can be overexpressed in a Cre-dependent manner and show that mice with CD11c-Cre mediated IL-6 overexpression succumb from systemic inflammation. High levels of IL-6 perturbed B and T cell development in primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus. Interestingly, IL-6-triggered inflammation promoted expansion of both Th17 and Treg cells, two cell types known for their reciprocal developmental requirements. However, the most dramatic increase was noted for myeloid cells, mostly neutrophils, which invaded spleen, thymus and blood of mice with IL-6 overexpression. Observed systemic inflammation ultimately led to mice mortality within 11 weeks of age. Mechanistically, IL-6 mediates its biological functions strictly through binding to IL-6R alpha chain followed by recruitment of the signal transducer gp130. Previously, an alternative pathway was suggested in which IL-6 can utilize CD5 to signal via gp130. However, when IL-6R was deleted in mice with IL-6 overexpression these mice were completely protected from IL-6- triggered pathology and fully phenocopied IL-6R deficient mice. In fact, IL-6R deficiency prevented downstream activation of STAT3 in response to IL-6. Together, our data suggest that IL-6R is the only biological relevant receptor for IL-6 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Mufazalov
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
- 2University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michaela Brandfald
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - David Andruszewski
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Yilang Tang
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Joumana Masri
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Eich
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ari Waisman
- 1University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
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Mufazalov IA, Kuschmann J, Andruszewski D, Masri J, Gabriel LA, Adams P, Reissig S, Hövelmeyer N, Waisman A. Balanced Bcl-3 expression in murine CD4 + T cells is required for generation of encephalitogenic Th17 cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1335-1341. [PMID: 28598502 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The function of NF-κB family members is controlled by multiple mechanisms including the transcriptional regulator Bcl-3, an atypical member of the IκB family. By using a murine model of conditional Bcl-3 overexpression specifically in T cells, we observed impairment in the development of Th2, Th1, and Th17 cells. High expression of Bcl-3 promoted CD4+ T-cell survival, but at the same time suppressed proliferation in response to TCR stimulation, resulting in reduced CD4+ T-cell expansion. As a consequence, T-cell-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 led to reduced inflammation in the small intestine of mice applied with anti-CD3 in a model of gut inflammation. Moreover, impaired Th17-cell development resulted in the resistance of Bcl-3 overexpressing mice to EAE, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, we concluded that fine-tuning expression of Bcl-3 is needed for proper CD4+ T-cell development and is required to sustain Th17-cell mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Janina Kuschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Andruszewski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joumana Masri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laureen A Gabriel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Adams
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Reissig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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