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Nandadasa S, Szafron JM, Pathak V, Murtada SI, Kraft CM, O'Donnell A, Norvik C, Hughes C, Caterson B, Domowicz MS, Schwartz NB, Tran-Lundmark K, Veigl M, Sedwick D, Philipson EH, Humphrey JD, Apte SS. Vascular dimorphism ensured by regulated proteoglycan dynamics favors rapid umbilical artery closure at birth. eLife 2020; 9:e60683. [PMID: 32909945 PMCID: PMC7529456 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The umbilical artery lumen closes rapidly at birth, preventing neonatal blood loss, whereas the umbilical vein remains patent longer. Here, analysis of umbilical cords from humans and other mammals identified differential arterial-venous proteoglycan dynamics as a determinant of these contrasting vascular responses. The umbilical artery, but not the vein, has an inner layer enriched in the hydrated proteoglycan aggrecan, external to which lie contraction-primed smooth muscle cells (SMC). At birth, SMC contraction drives inner layer buckling and centripetal displacement to occlude the arterial lumen, a mechanism revealed by biomechanical observations and confirmed by computational analyses. This vascular dimorphism arises from spatially regulated proteoglycan expression and breakdown. Mice lacking aggrecan or the metalloprotease ADAMTS1, which degrades proteoglycans, demonstrate their opposing roles in umbilical vascular dimorphism, including effects on SMC differentiation. Umbilical vessel dimorphism is conserved in mammals, suggesting that differential proteoglycan dynamics and inner layer buckling were positively selected during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Jason M Szafron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Vai Pathak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Caroline M Kraft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Anna O'Donnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
| | - Christian Norvik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Clare Hughes
- The Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Bruce Caterson
- The Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nancy B Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Martina Veigl
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - David Sedwick
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Elliot H Philipson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
- The Women's Health Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandUnited States
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Zhao S, Sedwick D, Wang Z. Genetic alterations of protein tyrosine phosphatases in human cancers. Oncogene 2014; 34:3885-94. [PMID: 25263441 PMCID: PMC4377308 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that remove phosphate from tyrosine residues in proteins. Recent whole-exome sequencing of human cancer genomes reveals that many PTPs are frequently mutated in a variety of cancers. Among these mutated PTPs, protein tyrosine phosphatase T (PTPRT) appears to be the most frequently mutated PTP in human cancers. Beside PTPN11 which functions as an oncogene in leukemia, genetic and functional studies indicate that most of mutant PTPs are tumor suppressor genes. Identification of the substrates and corresponding kinases of the mutant PTPs may provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers harboring these mutant PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA [3] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Sedwick
- 1] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Z Wang
- 1] Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hao Y, Wang C, Cao B, Hirsch BM, Song J, Markowitz SD, Ewing RM, Sedwick D, Liu L, Zheng W, Wang Z. Gain of interaction with IRS1 by p110α-helical domain mutants is crucial for their oncogenic functions. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:583-93. [PMID: 23643389 PMCID: PMC3671608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α, is frequently mutated in human cancers. Most of these mutations occur at two hot-spots: E545K and H1047R located in the helical domain and the kinase domain, respectively. Here, we report that p110α E545K, but not p110α H1047R, gains the ability to associate with IRS1 independent of the p85 regulatory subunit, thereby rewiring this oncogenic signaling pathway. Disruption of the IRS1-p110α E545K interaction destabilizes the p110α protein, reduces AKT phosphorylation, and slows xenograft tumor growth of a cancer cell line expressing p110α E545K. Moreover, a hydrocarbon-stapled peptide that disrupts this interaction inhibits the growth of tumors expressing p110α E545K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Third, Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Brett M. Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jing Song
- Case Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- Case Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - David Sedwick
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Lili Liu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (ZW); (WZ)
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (ZW); (WZ)
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Hao Y, Wang C, Zheng W, Sedwick D, Markowitz S, Ewing R, Liu L, Wang Z. Abstract 5155: Gain of direct interaction with IRS1 by the helical domain mutations of p110 alpha is crucial for their oncogenic functions. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PIK3CA, which encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3Kα (p110α), is frequently mutated in human cancers. PI3Kα consists of a catalytic subunit p110α and one of several regulatory subunits (a major one being p85α). The p110α subunit contains an N-terminal adaptor-binding domain (ABD), a Ras-binding domain (RBD), a C2 domain, a helical domain and a catalytic domain. In the basal state, the regulatory p85 subunit stabilizes the catalytic p110α subunit and inhibits its enzymatic activity. Upon growth factor stimulation, the SH2 domains of p85 bind to the phospho-tyrosine residues on the receptor protein kinases or adaptor proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), thereby activating the lipid kinase activity of PI3Kα. Activated PI3Kα converts phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). The second messenger PIP3 then activates downstream AKT signaling.
The majority of these mutations occur at two hot-spots located in the helical (E545K) and the kinase (H1047R) domains. Here, we report that p110α E545K mutant proteins, but not the wild-type and H1047R mutant proteins, directly associate with IRS1 and that this interaction does not require the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3Kα. Disruption of IRS1-p110α E545K specific interaction results in reduction of AKT phosphorylation and slower xenograft tumor growth of a colon cancer cell line harboring this mutation. Moreover, IRS1- p110α E545K interaction stabilizes p110α proteins and brings it cytoplasmic membrane. Our study establishes a new paradigm whereby a mutant protein exerts its oncogenic functions through rewiring an oncogenic signaling pathway. Moreover, we designed an 18 amino acid hydrocarbon-stapled peptide encompassing the p110α E545K mutation that disrupts IRS1-p110α E545K interaction. The stapled mutant peptide reduces AKT phosphorylation in cancer cell lines with a p110α E545K mutation, whereas it has no effect on those cancer cell lines harboring a p110α H1047R mutation. When injected into xenograft tumors, the stapled peptide specifically inhibits growth of tumors with a p110α E545K mutation. Therefore, our data suggest that interference of IRS1-p110α E545K interaction may be exploited for targeted therapy of cancer patients harboring this mutation. The discovery of frequent mutations of PIK3CA in human cancer provides a strong rationale for inhibition of mutated p110α activities for targeted cancer therapy. However, it has remained a challenge to develop p110α isoform-specific inhibitors. Our data suggest that disruption of the interactions between helical domain mutations of p110α and IRS1 may be exploited as a more accessible targeted therapy approach.
Citation Format: Yujun Hao, Chao Wang, Weiping Zheng, David Sedwick, Sanford Markowitz, Rob Ewing, Lili Liu, Zhenghe Wang. Gain of direct interaction with IRS1 by the helical domain mutations of p110 alpha is crucial for their oncogenic functions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5155
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hao
- 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Rob Ewing
- 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lili Liu
- 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Zhang P, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Sedwick D, Zhang X, Wang Z. Cross-talk between phospho-STAT3 and PLCγ1 plays a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1418-28. [PMID: 21840932 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation at the Y705 residue of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in tumorigenesis of leukemia and some solid tumors. However, its role in the development of colorectal cancer is not well defined. To rigorously test the impact of this phosphorylation on colorectal tumorigenesis, we engineered a STAT3 Y705F knock-in to interrupt STAT3 activity in HCT116 and RKO colorectal cancer cells. These STAT3 Y705F mutant cells fail to respond to cytokine stimulation and grow slower than parental cells. These mutant cells are also greatly diminished in their abilities to form colonies in culture, to exhibit anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and to grow as xenografts in nude mice. These observations strongly support the premise that STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation is crucial in colorectal tumorigenesis. Although it is generally believed that STAT3 functions as a transcription factor, recent studies indicate that transcription-independent functions of STAT3 also play an important role in tumorigenesis. We show here that wild-type STAT3, but not STAT3 Y705F mutant protein, associates with phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1). PLCγ1 is a central signal transducer of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways that are involved in tumorigenesis. In STAT3 Y705F mutant colorectal cancer cells, PLCγ1 activity is reduced. Moreover, overexpression of a constitutively active form of PLCγ1 rescues the transformation defect of STAT3 Y705F mutant cells. In aggregate, our study identifies previously unknown cross-talk between STAT3 and the PLCγ signaling pathways that may play a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
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Du Z, Song J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Guda K, Yang S, Kao HY, Xu Y, Willis J, Markowitz SD, Sedwick D, Ewing RM, Wang Z. DNMT1 stability is regulated by proteins coordinating deubiquitination and acetylation-driven ubiquitination. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra80. [PMID: 21045206 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is the primary enzyme that maintains DNA methylation. We describe a previously unknown mode of regulation of DNMT1 protein stability through the coordinated action of an array of DNMT1-associated proteins. DNMT1 was destabilized by acetylation by the acetyltransferase Tip60, which triggered ubiquitination by the E3 ligase UHRF1, thereby targeting DNMT1 for proteasomal degradation. In contrast, DNMT1 was stabilized by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and the deubiquitinase HAUSP (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease). Analysis of the abundance of DNMT1 and Tip60, as well as the association between HAUSP and DNMT1, suggested that during the cell cycle the initiation of DNMT1 degradation was coordinated with the end of DNA replication and the need for DNMT activity. In human colon cancers, the abundance of DNMT1 correlated with that of HAUSP. HAUSP knockdown rendered colon cancer cells more sensitive to killing by HDAC inhibitors both in tissue culture and in tumor xenograft models. Thus, these studies provide a mechanism-based rationale for the development of HDAC and HAUSP inhibitors for combined use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwen Du
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Li LS, Morales JC, Veigl M, Sedwick D, Greer S, Meyers M, Wagner M, Fishel R, Boothman DA. DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity and the potential for new therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:679-92. [PMID: 19775280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and other fluorinated pyrimidine (FP) derivatives have been intensively investigated for over fifty years. FUra and its antimetabolites can be incorporated at RNA- and DNA-levels, with RNA level incorporation provoking toxic responses in human normal tissue, and DNA-level antimetabolite formation and incorporation believed primarily responsible for tumour-selective responses. Attempts to direct FUra into DNA-level antimetabolites, based on mechanism-of-action studies, have led to gradual improvements in tumour therapy. These include the use of leukovorin to stabilize the inhibitory thymidylate synthase-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5' monophoshate (FdUMP)-5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH(2)FH(4)) trimeric complex. FUra incorporated into DNA also contributes to antitumour activity in preclinical and clinical studies. This review examines our current state of knowledge regarding the mechanistic aspects of FUra:Gua lesion detection by DNA mismatch repair (MMR) machinery that ultimately results in lethality. MMR-dependent direct cell death signalling or futile cycle responses will be discussed. As 10-30% of sporadic colon and endometrial tumours display MMR defects as a result of human MutL homologue-1 (hMLH1) promoter hypermethylation, we discuss the use and manipulation of the hypomethylating agent, 5-fluorodeoxycytidine (FdCyd), and our ability to manipulate its metabolism using the cytidine or deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase inhibitors, tetrahydrouridine or deoxytetrahydrouridine, respectively, as a method for re-expression of hMLH1 and re-sensitization of tumours to FP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shan Li
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Blakely E, Evans T, Oleinick N, Sedwick D. Helen Harrington Evans. Radiat Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1667/rrxx13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Takeshita I, Bigner S, Liou J, Brown OE, Sedwick D, Bigner DD. 112 A THYMIDINE-KINASE (TK) DEFICIENT 5-BROMO 2ʼDEOXYURIDINE (BUDR) RESISTANT HUMAN GLIOMA (HGL)-DERIVED PERMANENT CELL LINE THAT EXPRESSES GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1981. [DOI: 10.1097/00005072-198105000-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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