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Tegegne D, Tsegaye G, Faustini G, Franzo G. First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) in southwestern Ethiopia. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:975-980. [PMID: 36322244 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes viruses, e.g. canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), which are among the most relevant for pets, causing extremely severe clinical signs and high fatality rate in dogs and cats. Moreover, a broad range of wild hosts, including endangered ones, were proven to be susceptible. Currently, no data on CPV-2 molecular epidemiology and strain characterization are available in Ethiopia, also considering the frequent contacts between domestic and wild populations. In the present study, a molecular epidemiology survey was performed on 92 fecal samples collected from domestic (n = 84) and stray (n = 8) dogs in southwestern Ethiopia in 2021. Approximately, 10% of the samples tested positive and the complete VP2 sequences of 5 strains were obtained, classified within the CPV-2a (n = 1) and CPV-2c (n = 4) antigenic variants. In most instances, the closest genetic relatives were strains of Chinese origin, which is fully compatible with the intense relationships that have been developing between the two countries, involving human being travels and their pets as well. Considering the clinical relevance of this infection and the risk it poses to local domestic and wild carnivore populations, especially endangered ones, much stronger monitoring and surveillance activity on foreign incoming animals should be performed. More strict constraints on animal introduction, e.g. compulsory vaccination, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tsegaye
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Berhanu L, Mereta ST, Gume B, Kassa T, Berihun G, Dadi LS, Suleman S, Tegegne D, Getaneh A, Bedru H. Effect of Microbial Quality of Washing Water on Hand Hygiene Status of Food Handlers in Jimma Town: Implication for Food Hygiene and Safety. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1129-1134. [PMID: 34040383 PMCID: PMC8141394 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s306359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most cases, people pay more attention to the microbial quality of drinking water than the quality of water they used to wash hands. This may lead to the occurrence of various foodborne illnesses through the introduction of pathogenic microbes during preparation and serving of food. Objective To determine the effect of microbial quality of washing water on the hand hygiene status of food handlers in Jimma town. Methods Laboratory-based cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 150 food handlers were selected randomly for hand hygiene examination, and 150 water samples were collected aseptically from water storage tanks, food handlers used to wash their hands. The samples were subjected for microbiological analysis using standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to summarize the data and to determine the effect of microbial quality of water on hand hygiene of food handlers, respectively. Results Among 150 food handlers included in the study, 104 (69.0%) of them were males and 64 (43.0%) of them aged between 35 and 50 years. On the other hand, 64 (42.7%) of the study participants had not attended formal education. About three-fourth of them used stored water to wash their hands, and almost similar proportion of them were waiters. The mean coliform bacteria of water and hand rinsate samples were 4.2 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 0.8 log CFU/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed that the microbial quality of water used to wash hands significantly affects the hand hygiene status of the food handlers. Hence, improving the microbial quality of washing water is important to improve the hand hygiene status of food handlers and consequently to prevent the occurrence of food-borne illness in the town.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leykun Berhanu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Beje Gume
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gete Berihun
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sultan Suleman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Assegid Getaneh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habib Bedru
- Jimma Zone Livestock and Fishery Development Office, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Jilo K, Tegegne D, Kasim S, Dabasa G, Zewdei W. Seroprevalence and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants of Pastoral Community in Yabello District, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:6683797. [PMID: 34055282 PMCID: PMC8149223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease. Data on seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia is scarce, almost null in the pastoral area of the Borana zone. The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence, to identify risk factors of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats, and to assess the awareness level of pastoralists about toxoplasmosis in the Yabello district of Borana zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in six peasant associations of the Yabello district of Borana zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 400 serum samples of randomly selected small ruminants owned by pastoralists were examined to detect antibodies specific to Toxoplasma gondii using Latex Agglutination Test (SPINREACT, Girona, Spain). A semistructured questionnaire survey was used to conduct a face-to-face interview with owners (n = 100) of sampled flocks. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of hypothesized risk factors. The overall seroprevalence was 52.8% of which 57.8 and 47.8% were sheep and goats, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a higher seroprevalence ratio of T. gondii infection in sheep than goats (COR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.226-3.112; P = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated significantly higher odds of acquiring T. gondii infection in adult animals (sheep: (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.323-3.874; P = 0.003), goats: (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.009-4.579; P = 0.047)), female sheep (AOR = 2.45; CI: 1.313-4.568; P = 0.005), animals from lowland areas (sheep: (AOR = 2.28; CI: 1.190-4.356; P = 0.013), goat: (AOR = 3.27; CI: 1.386-7.723; P = 0.007)), animal drinking lake water (sheep: (AOR = 1.93; CI: 1.011-3.698; P = 0.046), goat: (AOR = 2.96; CI: 1.297-6.771; P = 0.010)), and goats with history of abortion (AOR = 2.42; CI: 1.242-4.711; P = 0.009) than young animals, male (sheep), animals from midland areas, animals drinking wells water, and flock with no history of abortion (goat), respectively. Among respondents, 97.0% had no knowledge about toxoplasmosis and 75.0% drink raw milk and consume the meat of sheep and goats. 80.0% of respondents had no knowledge about the risk of cats to human and animal health while 70.0% of them had domestic cats and practice improper fetal body handling. Highly prevailing toxoplasmosis in small ruminants of the Yabello district might pose a serious economic loss and be a potential public health threat to the extremely vulnerable pastoralists. Therefore, awareness and further studies are warranted to tackle the economic and public health consequences of T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kula Jilo
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Addis Ababa University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box. 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- Veterinary Biotechnology, Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sadik Kasim
- Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box. 569, Yabello, Ethiopia
| | - Golo Dabasa
- Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box. 569, Yabello, Ethiopia
| | - Wubishet Zewdei
- Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box. 569, Yabello, Ethiopia
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Berhanu L, Gume B, Kassa T, Dadi LS, Tegegne D, Getnet M, Bediru H, Getaneh A, Suleman S, Mereta ST. Microbial quality of raw cow milk and its predictors along the dairy value chain in Southwest Ethiopia. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 350:109228. [PMID: 34023681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk may contain pathogenic microorganism that can seriously affect the health of consumers. In Southwest Ethiopia, raw cow milk is consumed more than the processed products, but its microbiological quality and its predictors are not studied well. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw cow milk and its predictors along the dairy value chain in Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 150 milk and 300 environmental samples were collected randomly from dairy farms, milk distribution centers, and retailer outlets for microbiological analysis using standard protocols. One milk handler from each milk production or distribution stage was also interviewed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding milk handling. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models were used to summarize the data and to identify predictors of milk microbial quality, respectively. As the milk transported from dairy farm to milk retailer outlet, the mean total bacterial count has increased from 5.0 ± 0.3 to 7.2 ± 0.1 log CFU/ml respectively. The mean coliform count of the milk sample was 4.4 ± 0.4 log CFU/ml at the dairy farm and 7.0 ± 0.2 log CFU/ml at milk selling points, indicating the deterioration of milk quality along the dairy value chain. All of the analyzed water samples were positive for fecal coliform bacteria. The highest coliform bacteria were reported from milk storage equipment found at milk retailer outlet with the count of 4.8 ± 0.5 log CFU/ml. Educational status and attitude of milk handlers and the quality of water used to wash milk equipment and hands of milk handlers were the major factors affecting the microbial quality of raw cow milk. The findings of this study revealed that the microbial quality of raw milk in the study area was poor. Hence, improving the attitude and educational status of milk handlers, and the quality of water is an important step to enhance milk quality and consequently to prevent milk borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leykun Berhanu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Beje Gume
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 788, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Masrie Getnet
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habib Bediru
- Jimma Zone Livestock and Fishery Development Office, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Assegid Getaneh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sultan Suleman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Tegegne D, Deneke Y, Sori T, Abdurahaman M, Kebede N, Cecchinato M, Franzo G. Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040187. [PMID: 33255570 PMCID: PMC7711717 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of poverty alleviation for several social classes. Infectious diseases can therefore significantly impact the economy and welfare. Despite infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) being present, the knowledge of their epidemiology and impact is extremely limited. In the present work, a cross-sectional study based on 500 tracheal swabs collected from 50 intensive and backyard unvaccinated flocks of the Jimma Zone was performed to investigate the circulation of these viruses and molecularly characterize them. IBV and aMPV presence was tested by molecular assays, and genotyping was carried out on positive samples. Accordingly, 6% (95% CI 2.06% to 16.22%) and 8% (95% CI 3.15% to 18.84%) of flocks tested IBV and aMPV positive, respectively. Particularly, IBV 793B (GI-13) strains were detected in backyard flocks only, and identical or closely related sequences (p-distance <2%) were detected in distantly spaced flocks, suggesting relevant viral circulation. On the contrary, both backyard and intensive flocks were affected by aMPV subtype B. Potential epidemiological links associated to the importation of parental birds from foreign countries could be established. These results highlight non-negligible circulation of these viruses, warranting further epidemiological studies and the evaluation of control measure implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Yosef Deneke
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Takele Sori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mukarim Abdurahaman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307 Jimma, Ethiopia; (D.T.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Mereta ST, Bedewi J, Yewhalaw D, Mandefro B, Abdie Y, Tegegne D, Birke W, Mulat WL, Kloos H. Environmental determinants of distribution of freshwater snails and trematode infection in the Omo Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:93. [PMID: 31744539 PMCID: PMC6865041 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of infection rates of snail populations is one of the basic tools for epidemiological studies of snail borne diseases. In this study, we opted to determine the trematode infection of freshwater snails in the Omo-Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS We collected snail samples from 130 observation sites in lakes, wetlands, rivers, reservoirs and irrigation canals surveyed during the dry season (March to May) in 2016. The snail samples were examined for trematode infections by cercarial shedding immediately after collection. Habitat conditions, water quality, human water contact practices and other human activities were assessed at each survey site. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between cercarial infection and environmental variables. The statistical significance of eigenvalues and cercariae-environment correlations generated by the RDA were tested using Monte Carlo permutations at 499 permutations. RESULTS A total of 3107 snails belonging to five species were collected. The most abundant species was Biomphalaria pfeifferi, representing 66% of the total collection. Overall, 109 (3.6%) of the snails were found infected with trematodes (cercariae). Biomphalaria pfeifferi was found to be the most highly infected, accounting 85% of all infected snails. A total of eight morphologically different types of cercariae were recorded, which included: Echinostoma cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, amphistome cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate monostome cercariae, xiphidiocercariae, longifurcate pharyngeate distome cercariae, strigea cercariae and unidentified cercariae. Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, and Echinostoma cercariae were the most abundant cercariae, accounting for 36 and 34% of all infection, respectively. The mean concentration of water conductivity and 5 days biological oxygen demand were higher in irrigation canals and lake sampling points. Human activities such as open field defecation, urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were highly correlated with trematode infection. CONCLUSIONS The abundance, occurrence and infection rates of snail species were largely influenced by water physicochemical quality, sanitation and water contact behaviour of the inhabitants. Human activities, such as open field defecation and urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were important predictors of the abundance of cercariae. Therefore, awareness creation should be implemented for proper containment of excreta (urine and faeces) and reducing human and animal contacts with surface waters to reduce snail-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Bedewi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Belayhun Mandefro
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yihun Abdie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwosen Birke
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Legesse Mulat
- Department of Environmental Health, Wello University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Helmut Kloos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Negero J, Yohannes M, Woldemichael K, Tegegne D. Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of T. gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bonga Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 57:44-49. [PMID: 28167254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of T.gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bonga Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2016. Systematic sampling technique was used to collect sera from 210 pregnant women. Sample was tested for anti-T.gondii- antibodies by Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Risk factors associated with T.gondii infection in pregnant women was assessed through structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to check association of T.gondii infection with different risk factors using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in pregnant women was 75.7% (95% CI: 69.9-81.5). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of T.gondii infection was higher in pregnant women between age range of 36-44 (AOR=2.82; 95% CI:1.2-7.82; P=0.031), in multigravidae (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.36-8.04; P=0.009), in those eating raw meat (AOR=5.1; 95% CI:2.22-11.68; P=0.000), in those eating raw vegetables (AOR=5.5; 95% CI:1.03-29.5; P=0.046), in those who have history of abortion (AOR=4.4;95% CI:1.10-17.49; P=0.036), in women who drink river/streams water (AOR=5; 95% CI: 1.67-15.44; P=0.004) and in those who didn't handle raw meat (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1-5.56; P=0.049). CONCLUSION The present result shows high seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in pregnant women. Public education on identified risk factors and screening of pregnant women during their antenatal care should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalel Negero
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Moti Yohannes
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Kifle Woldemichael
- Jimma University, College of Medical and Health Science, Department of Epidemiology, Po. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Tegegne D, kelifa A, Abdurahaman M, Yohannes M. Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:280. [PMID: 27938354 PMCID: PMC5148880 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T.gondii is a global zoonotic disease and is considered as the most neglected tropical disease in sub-Saharan countries. The exact seroepidemiological distribution and risk factors for the infection of food animals and humans in Ethiopia was less studied although, such studies are important. The objective of the current study was to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS Cross sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 in South west Ethiopia in four selected districts of Jimma zone (n = 368). Slide agglutination test (Toxo-latex) was used to detect anti-T.gondii antibodies. Logistic regression was used to determine potential risk factors. RESULTS An overall seroprevalence of 57.60% (212/368; 95% CI: 52.55-62.6) was detected. 58.18% (148/252; 95% CI: 52.75-64.88) and 55.18% (64/116; 95% CI: 46.13-64.23) sero prevalence was found in sheep and goats respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of T. gondii infection was significantly higher in adult sheep and goats [(sheep: Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.5, confidence interval (CI): 1.19-5.23; p = 0.015), (goats: OR = 3.9, confidence interval (CI):1.64-9.41: p = 0.002)] than in young sheep and goats, in female [(sheep: OR = 1.93, CI: 1.11-3.36, p = 0.018, (goats: OR = 2.9, CI: 121-6.93, p = 0.002)] than in males sheep and goats, in Highland [(sheep: OR = 4.57, CI: 1.75-12.66, P = 0.000, (goats: OR = 4.4, CI: 1.75-13.66, p = 0.004)] than sheep and goats from lowland. CONCLUSION This study indicates that seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in small ruminants is high, therefore, it is decidedly indispensable to minimize risk factors exposing to the infection like consumption of raw meat as source of infection for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary medicine, Jimma University, PO. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Amin kelifa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary medicine, Jimma University, PO. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mukarim Abdurahaman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary medicine, Jimma University, PO. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Moti Yohannes
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary medicine, Jimma University, PO. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Tegegne D, Abdurahaman M, Mosissa T, Yohannes M. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV patients. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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