1
|
McCoy EE, Katz R, Louden DKN, Oshima E, Murtha A, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Santoro N, Howell EA, Halvorson L, Reed SD, Goff BA. Scholarly activity following National Institutes of Health Women's Reproductive Health Research K12 training-a cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:425.e1-425.e16. [PMID: 37437707 PMCID: PMC10584274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National Institutes of Health funding to address basic reproductive health for common female conditions remains disproportionately low, in part because of low success rates of grant applications by obstetrician-gynecologists. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the scholarly productivity of individuals supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Reproductive Health Research K12 career development award, created to advance careers of obstetrician-gynecologist physician-scientists. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cohort study of individuals who completed at least 2 years of Women's Reproductive Health Research training by June 30, 2015, and had at least 5-year follow-up. Earliest training start date was December 1, 1998. Primary outcomes from public data sources (National Institutes of Health RePORTER, PubMed, iCite) were (1) number of total and R01 National Institutes of Health grants as principal investigator; (2) numbers of total and first and last author publications; and (3) median and highest publication impact factor measured by the relative citation ratio. Secondary outcomes from an email survey subcohort were total number of research grants, federally funded grants, and number of National Institutes of Health grants as coinvestigator; institutional promotions and academic appointments, national and National Institutes of Health leadership roles; and career and mentorship satisfaction. Outcomes were recorded at 5, 10, and 15 years postgraduation, and aggregate anonymized data were divided into 3 groups using Women's Reproductive Health Research completion dates: June 30 of 2005, 2010, and 2015. Temporal trends were assessed. Results were stratified by gender, number of awarded grant cycles (1-2 vs 3-4), and specialty type. Analyses used Fisher exact or Pearson chi-square tests, and Mantel-Haenszel tests of trend. RESULTS The distribution of the cohort (N=178) by graduation completion date was: on or before June 30, 2005 (57 [32%]); July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2010 (60 [34%]); and July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015 (61 [34%]). Most participants were female (112 [64%]) and maternal-fetal medicine trained (53 [30%]), followed by no fellowship (50 [28%]). Of the 178 participants, 72 (40%) received additional National Institutes of Health funding as a principal investigator, 45 (25%) received at least 1 R01, and 23 (13%) received 2 to 5 R01s. There were 52 (31%) scholars with >10 first author publications, 66 (39%) with >10 last author publications, and 108 (63%) with ≥25 publications. The highest relative citation ratio was a median of 8.07 (interquartile range, 4.20-15.16). There were 121 (71%) scholars with relative citation ratio ≥5, indicating >5-fold greater publication impact than that of other National Institutes of Health-funded scientists in similar areas of research. No differences by gender, institution, or temporal trends were observed. Of the full cohort, 69 (45.7%) responded to the survey; most self-identified as women (50 [73%]) and White (51 [74%]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the infrastructure provided by an institutional K award is an advantageous career development award mechanism for obstetrician-gynecologists, a group of predominantly women surgeons. It may serve as a corrective for the known inequities in National Institutes of Health funding by gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E McCoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Diana K N Louden
- University of Washington Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Emiko Oshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Amy Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Elizabeth A Howell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Susan D Reed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| | - Barbara A Goff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wagner AD, Njuguna IN, Neary J, Lawley KA, Louden DKN, Tiwari R, Jiang W, Kalu N, Burke RM, Mangale D, Obermeyer C, Escudero JN, Bulterys MA, Waters C, Mollo B, Han H, Barr-DiChiara M, Baggaley R, Jamil MS, Shah P, Wong VJ, Drake AL, Johnson CC. Demand creation for HIV testing services: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004169. [PMID: 36943831 PMCID: PMC10030044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV testing services (HTS) are the first steps in reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals to achieve and maintain low HIV incidence. Evaluating the effectiveness of different demand creation interventions to increase uptake of efficient and effective HTS is useful to prioritize limited programmatic resources. This review was undertaken to inform World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 HIV testing guidelines and assessed the research question, "Which demand creation strategies are effective for enhancing uptake of HTS?" focused on populations globally. METHODS AND FINDINGS The following electronic databases were searched through September 28, 2021: PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, EMBASE, and Global Health Database; we searched IAS and AIDS conferences. We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any demand creation intervention (incentives, mobilization, counseling, tailoring, and digital interventions) to either a control or other demand creation intervention and reported HTS uptake. We pooled trials to evaluate categories of demand creation interventions using random-effects models for meta-analysis and assessed study quality with Cochrane's risk of bias 1 tool. This study was funded by the WHO and registered in Prospero with ID CRD42022296947. We screened 10,583 records and 507 conference abstracts, reviewed 952 full texts, and included 124 RCTs for data extraction. The majority of studies were from the African (N = 53) and Americas (N = 54) regions. We found that mobilization (relative risk [RR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.30, 3.09], p < 0.05; risk difference [RD]: 0.29, 95% CI [0.16, 0.43], p < 0.05, N = 4 RCTs), couple-oriented counseling (RR: 1.98, 95% CI [1.02, 3.86], p < 0.05; RD: 0.12, 95% CI [0.03, 0.21], p < 0.05, N = 4 RCTs), peer-led interventions (RR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.15, 2.15], p < 0.05; RD: 0.18, 95% CI [0.06, 0.31], p < 0.05, N = 10 RCTs), motivation-oriented counseling (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [1.07, 2.20], p < 0.05; RD: 0.17, 95% CI [0.00, 0.34], p < 0.05, N = 4 RCTs), short message service (SMS) (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [1.09, 2.16], p < 0.05; RD: 0.11, 95% CI [0.03, 0.19], p < 0.05, N = 5 RCTs), and conditional fixed value incentives (RR: 1.52, 95% CI [1.21, 1.91], p < 0.05; RD: 0.15, 95% CI [0.07, 0.22], p < 0.05, N = 11 RCTs) all significantly and importantly (≥50% relative increase) increased HTS uptake and had medium risk of bias. Lottery-based incentives and audio-based interventions less importantly (25% to 49% increase) but not significantly increased HTS uptake (medium risk of bias). Personal invitation letters and personalized message content significantly but not importantly (<25% increase) increased HTS uptake (medium risk of bias). Reduced duration counseling had comparable performance to standard duration counseling (low risk of bias) and video-based interventions were comparable or better than in-person counseling (medium risk of bias). Heterogeneity of effect among pooled studies was high. This study was limited in that we restricted to randomized trials, which may be systematically less readily available for key populations; additionally, we compare only pooled estimates for interventions with multiple studies rather than single study estimates, and there was evidence of publication bias for several interventions. CONCLUSIONS Mobilization, couple- and motivation-oriented counseling, peer-led interventions, conditional fixed value incentives, and SMS are high-impact demand creation interventions and should be prioritized for programmatic consideration. Reduced duration counseling and video-based interventions are an efficient and effective alternative to address staffing shortages. Investment in demand creation activities should prioritize those with undiagnosed HIV or ongoing HIV exposure. Selection of demand creation interventions must consider risks and benefits, context-specific factors, feasibility and sustainability, country ownership, and universal health coverage across disease areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjuli D. Wagner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irene N. Njuguna
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jillian Neary
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kendall A. Lawley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Diana K. N. Louden
- University Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ngozi Kalu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael M. Burke
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dorothy Mangale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Obermeyer
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaclyn N. Escudero
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Bulterys
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chloe Waters
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bastien Mollo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hannah Han
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Rachel Baggaley
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad S. Jamil
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Purvi Shah
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- UNAIDS, Asia Pacific, Regional Support Team, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent J. Wong
- USAID, Division of HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment, Office of HIV/AIDS, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Alison L. Drake
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cheryl C. Johnson
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thai T, Louden DKN, Adamson R, Dominitz JA, Doll JA. Peer evaluation and feedback for invasive medical procedures: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:581. [PMID: 35906652 PMCID: PMC9335975 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant variability in the performance and outcomes of invasive medical procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention, endoscopy, and bronchoscopy. Peer evaluation is a common mechanism for assessment of clinician performance and care quality, and may be ideally suited for the evaluation of medical procedures. We therefore sought to perform a systematic review to identify and characterize peer evaluation tools for practicing clinicians, assess evidence supporting the validity of peer evaluation, and describe best practices of peer evaluation programs across multiple invasive medical procedures. METHODS A systematic search of Medline and Embase (through September 7, 2021) was conducted to identify studies of peer evaluation and feedback relating to procedures in the field of internal medicine and related subspecialties. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Data were extracted on peer evaluation methods, feedback structures, and the validity and reproducibility of peer evaluations, including inter-observer agreement and associations with other quality measures when available. RESULTS Of 2,135 retrieved references, 32 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 were from the field of gastroenterology, 5 from cardiology, 3 from pulmonology, and 3 from interventional radiology. Overall, 22 studies described the development or testing of peer scoring systems and 18 reported inter-observer agreement, which was good or excellent in all but 2 studies. Only 4 studies, all from gastroenterology, tested the association of scoring systems with other quality measures, and no studies tested the impact of peer evaluation on patient outcomes. Best practices included standardized scoring systems, prospective criteria for case selection, and collaborative and non-judgmental review. CONCLUSIONS Peer evaluation of invasive medical procedures is feasible and generally demonstrates good or excellent inter-observer agreement when performed with structured tools. Our review identifies common elements of successful interventions across specialties. However, there is limited evidence that peer-evaluated performance is linked to other quality measures or that feedback to clinicians improves patient care or outcomes. Additional research is needed to develop and test peer evaluation and feedback interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosemary Adamson
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason A Dominitz
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- National Gastroenterology and Hepatology Program, Veterans Affairs Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob A Doll
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neher JO, Goebel A, Louden DKN. Melatonin to Treat Insomnia in Older Adults. Am Fam Physician 2021; 104:297-298. [PMID: 34523886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Neher
- University of Washington Valley Family Medicine Residency, Renton, WA, USA
| | - Anna Goebel
- University of Washington Valley Family Medicine Residency, Renton, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jutten RJ, Grandoit E, Foldi NS, Sikkes SAM, Jones RN, Choi S, Lamar ML, Louden DKN, Rich J, Tommet D, Crane PK, Rabin LA. Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2020; 12:e12055. [PMID: 32671181 PMCID: PMC7346865 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included. RESULT We identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers. CONCLUSION PEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roos J. Jutten
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Nancy S. Foldi
- Queens College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New YorkQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Sietske A. M. Sikkes
- Alzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Richard N. Jones
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Seo‐Eun Choi
- School of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Melissa L. Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Joanne Rich
- University Libraries, University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Douglas Tommet
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- School of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Laura A. Rabin
- Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New YorkBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dibay Moghadam S, Krieger JW, Louden DKN. A systematic review of the effectiveness of promoting water intake to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:229-246. [PMID: 32523712 PMCID: PMC7278905 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether the promotion of water intake could reduce sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption or purchases independent of interventions that target SSBs. Methods Seven databases were systematically searched. Included studies used water promotion as the primary intervention; used a controlled trial, single group pre‐post, or prospective cohort study design; included a measure of SSB consumption or purchase; enrolled human participants of any age who lived in high‐income or middle‐income countries; contained original data; and appeared in a peer‐reviewed English‐language article published from 1 January 2000 to January 4, 2019. The search yielded 7068 publications, from which 108 were chosen for full‐text review. Seventeen were included in this review. Results Nine of the 17 studies were randomized controlled trials, six were nonrandomized controlled trials, and 2 were single‐group pre‐post studies. Participants were primarily children and adolescents. Interventions included water provision, education or promotion activities. Ten of 17 studies were at low or some/moderate risk of bias. Seven studies showed a statistically significant decrease in SSB consumption of which only 2 were at low or some/moderate risk of bias. Conclusions This review found limited evidence that interventions aimed solely at increasing water consumption reduce SSB intake. Further research is needed to investigate whether interventions that combine water promotion and SSB reduction strategies could be synergistic for reducing SSB intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dibay Moghadam
- Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Washington United States of America.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Cancer Prevention Program Washington United States of America
| | - James W Krieger
- Department of Health Services University of Washington Washington United States of America.,Healthy Food America Washington United States of America
| | - Diana K N Louden
- University Libraries University of Washington Washington United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukherjee S, Mez J, Trittschuh EH, Saykin AJ, Gibbons LE, Fardo DW, Wessels M, Bauman J, Moore M, Choi SE, Gross AL, Rich J, Louden DKN, Sanders RE, Grabowski TJ, Bird TD, McCurry SM, Snitz BE, Kamboh MI, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Keene CD, Larson EB, Crane PK. Correction: Genetic data and cognitively defined late-onset Alzheimer's disease subgroups. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3100. [PMID: 30647434 PMCID: PMC7962581 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article was originally published under standard licence, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhabrata Mukherjee
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Emily H. Trittschuh
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.413919.70000 0004 0420 6540VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Radiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Laura E. Gibbons
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - David W. Fardo
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Madeline Wessels
- grid.34477.330000000122986657College of Arts and Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Julianna Bauman
- grid.34477.330000000122986657College of Arts and Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- grid.34477.330000000122986657College of Arts and Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Seo-Eun Choi
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alden L. Gross
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Joanne Rich
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Health Sciences Library, University Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Diana K. N. Louden
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Health Sciences Library, University Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - R. Elizabeth Sanders
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas J. Grabowski
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- grid.413919.70000 0004 0420 6540VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Susan M. McCurry
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- grid.240684.c0000 0001 0705 3621Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Eric B. Larson
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.488833.c0000 0004 0615 7519Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul K. Crane
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|