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Krause A, Mitchell C, Essop F, Tager S, Temlett J, Stevanin G, Ross C, Rudnicki D, Margolis R. Junctophilin 3 (JPH3) expansion mutations causing Huntington disease like 2 (HDL2) are common in South African patients with African ancestry and a Huntington disease phenotype. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:573-85. [PMID: 26079385 PMCID: PMC4565761 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by abnormal movements, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms, caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene on chromosome 4p. A CAG/CTG repeat expansion in the junctophilin-3 (JPH3) gene on chromosome 16q24.2 causes a Huntington disease-like phenotype (HDL2). All patients to date with HDL2 have some African ancestry. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic basis of the Huntington disease phenotype in South Africans and to investigate the possible origin of the JPH3 mutation. In a sample of unrelated South African individuals referred for diagnostic HD testing, 62% (106/171) of white patients compared to only 36% (47/130) of black patients had an expansion in HTT. However, 15% (20/130) of black South African patients and no white patients (0/171) had an expansion in JPH3, confirming the diagnosis of Huntington disease like 2 (HDL2). Individuals with HDL2 share many clinical features with individuals with HD and are clinically indistinguishable in many cases, although the average age of onset and diagnosis in HDL2 is 5 years later than HD and individual clinical features may be more prominent. HDL2 mutations contribute significantly to the HD phenotype in South Africans with African ancestry. JPH3 haplotype studies in 31 families, mainly from South Africa and North America, provide evidence for a founder mutation and support a common African origin for all HDL2 patients. Molecular testing in individuals with an HD phenotype and African ancestry should include testing routinely for JPH3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Claire Mitchell
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fahmida Essop
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Tager
- Department of Neurology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - James Temlett
- Department of Neurology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department Clinical Neurology, University of Adelaide and the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Ross
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dobrila Rudnicki
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell Margolis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Walker RH, Rasmussen A, Rudnicki D, Holmes SE, Alonso E, Matsuura T, Ashizawa T, Davidoff-Feldman B, Margolis RL. Huntington's disease-like 2 can present as chorea-acanthocytosis. Neurology 2003; 61:1002-4. [PMID: 14557581 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000085866.68470.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three patients from a previously described family with autosomal dominant chorea-acanthocytosis were found to have the CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion mutation of the junctophilin-3 gene associated with Huntington's disease-like 2 (HDL2). One of six previously identified patients with HDL2 had acanthocytosis on peripheral blood smear, suggesting that HDL2 should be considered in the differential of chorea-acanthocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Walker
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Aguiar J, Santurlidis S, Nowok J, Alexander C, Rudnicki D, Gispert S, Schulz W, Auburger G. Identification of the physiological promoter for spinocerebellar ataxia 2 gene reveals a CpG island for promoter activity situated into the exon 1 of this gene and provides data about the origin of the nonmethylated state of these types of islands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 254:315-8. [PMID: 9918835 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to further use the spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) promoter for transgenic mice models of "CAG repeat" neurodegeneration, different fragments of this 5' end were ligated into pGL3-Luc plasmid to obtain the better promoter-activity of the physiological promoter for SCA2. Base-par composition of the SCA2-5' region, and promoter prediction algorithms such as TSSW and TSSG, together with the high firefly luciferase expression after 48 hours of transient transfection in mammalian cells lines, showed a typical CpG island for promoter-activity. The promoter activity was specifically localized into the exon 1 of the SCA2 gene. The higher expression of firefly luciferase in the embryonal F9 cells by the use of SCA2 promoter, rather than by the use of CMV promoter may be related with the origin of the nonmethylated CpG island during the early embryogenesis. Analysis of the 5' region from HD gene revealed to a CpG island, which could be containing the physiological promoter for this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aguiar
- Division of Neurology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
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Paternotte C, Rudnicki D, Fizames C, Davoine CS, Mavel D, Dürr A, Samson D, Marquette C, Muselet D, Vega-Czarny N, Drouot N, Voit T, Fontaine B, Gyapay G, Auburger G, Weissenbach J, Hazan J. Quality assessment of whole genome mapping data in the refined familial spastic paraplegia interval on chromosome 14q. Genome Res 1998; 8:1216-27. [PMID: 9847083 PMCID: PMC310792 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.11.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia (AD-FSP) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. Three loci on chromosome 14q (SPG3), 2p (SPG4), and 15q (SPG6) were shown to be responsible for AD-FSP. Analysis of recombination events in three SPG3-linked families allowed us to narrow the critical interval from 9 to 5 cM. An approximately 5-Mb YAC contig comprising 32 clones and 90 STSs was built from D14S301 to D14S991, encompassing this region of 14q21. Fifty-six ESTs assigned previously to this region with radiation hybrid (RH) panels Genebridge 4 and G3 were precisely localized on the YAC contig. The 90 STSs positioned on the contig were tested on the TNG RH panel to compare our YAC-based map with an RH map at a high level of resolution. Comparison between our map and the whole genome mapping data on this interval of chromosome 14q is discussed.
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Leube B, Rudnicki D, Ratzlaff T, Kessler KR, Benecke R, Auburger G. Idiopathic torsion dystonia: assignment of a gene to chromosome 18p in a German family with adult onset, autosomal dominant inheritance and purely focal distribution. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:1673-7. [PMID: 8894706 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.10.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) is a group of movement disorders which is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with reduced penetrance. Most patients with ITD present with focal dystonia at adult age. However, thus far, this common subform remained unmapped chromosomally. In contrast, a rare early onset, more generalized form of ITD has been mapped to chromosome 9q34. Our linkage study in a large pedigree with seven definitely affected, six possibly affected and 16 phenotypically unaffected family members assigns an ITD gene for the common focal form with a maximal lod score of 3.17 to the region telomeric of D18S1153 on chromosome 18p.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leube
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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