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Botelho F, Gripp K, Yanchar N, Naus A, Poenaru D, Baird R, Reis E, Farias L, Silva AG, Viana F, Neto JAP, Silva S, Ribeiro K, Gatto L, Faleiro MD, Fernandez MG, Salgado LS, Sampaio NZ, Faleiro MD, Mendes AL, Ferreira RV, Marcião L, Canto G, Borges J, Araújo V, Andrade G, Braga J, Bentes L, Pinto L, Ndasi HT, Amlani LM, Aminake G, Penda X, Tima S, Lechtig A, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Whyte M, Fowler-Woods M, Fowler-Woods A, Shingoose G, Hatala A, Daeninck F, Vergis A, Clouston K, Hardy K, Djadje L, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Youmbi VN, Kakobo P, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Tafesse S, Tamene B, Chimdesa Z, Alemayehu E, Abera B, Yifru D, Belachew FK, Tirsit A, Deyassa N, Moen BE, Sundstrøm T, Lund-Johansen M, Abebe M, Khan R, Mekasha A, Soklaridis S, Haji F, Asingei J, O'Flynn EP, O'Donovan DT, Masuka SC, Mashava D, Akello FV, Ulisubisya MM, Franco H, Njai A, Simister S, Joseph M, Woolley P, James D, Evans FM, Rai E, Roy N, Bansal V, Kamble J, Aroke A, David S, Veetil D, Soni KD, Wärnberg MG, Zadey S, Vissoci JRN, Iyer H, Zadey S, Shetty R, Zadey S, Jindal A, Iyer H, Ouma G, Shah SSNH, Hinchman C, Rayel IM, Dworkin M, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Mlinde E, Amlani LM, May CJ, Banza LN, Chokotho L, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Dworkin M, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Paek S, Amlani L, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Adégné T, Abdoulmouinou P, Amadou T, Youssouf T, Madiassa K, Younoussa DM, Moussa S, Amadou B, Hawa T, Laurent A, Jesuyajolu DA, Okeke CA, Obuh O, Jesuyajolu DA, Ehizibue PE, Ikemefula NE, Ekennia-Ebeh JO, Ibraham AA, Ikegwuonu OE, Diehl TM, Bunogerane GJ, Neal D, Ndibanje AJ, Petroze RT, Ntaganda E, Milligan L, Cairncross L, Malherbe F, Roodt L, Kyengera DK, O'Hara NN, Stockton D, Bedada A, Hsiao M, Chilisa U, Yarranton B, Chinyepi N, Azzie G, Moon J, Rehany Z, Bakhshi M, Bergeron A, Boulanger N, Watt L, Wong EG, Pawlak N, Bierema C, Ameh E, Bekele A, Jimenez MF, Lakhoo K, Roy N, Sacato H, Tefera G, Ozgediz D, Jayaraman S, Peric I, Youngson G, Ameh E, Borgstein E, O'Flynn E, Simoes J, Kingsley PA, Sasson L, Dekel H, Sternfeld AR, Assa S, Sarid RS, Mnong'one NJ, Sharau GG, Mongella SM, Caryl WG, Goldman B, Bola R, Ngonzi J, Ujoh F, Kihumuro RB, Lett R, Torquato A, Tavares C, Lech G, Džunic A, Ujoh F, Gusa V, Apeaii R, Noor R, Bola R, Guyan IO, Christilaw J, Hodgins S, Lett R, Binda C, Heo K, Cheng S, Foggin H, Hu G, Lam S, Feng L, Labinaz A, Adams J, Livergant R, Williams S, Vasanthakumaran T, Lounes Y, Mata J, Hache P, Schamberg-Bahadori C, Monytuil A, Mayom E, Joharifard S, Joos É, Paterson A, Maswime S, Hardy A, Pearse RM, Biccard BM, Salehi M, Zivkovic I, Jatana S, Joharifard S, Joos É, Flores MJ, Brown KE, Roberts HJ, Donnelley CA, von Kaeppler EP, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Decolonizing Global SurgeryOvercoming barriers to pediatric trauma education in low-and middle-income countriesTaskforce on minor dermatological surgeries: an experience in a small Brazilian cityVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia management after subarachnoid hemorrhage in an underdeveloped country: Hustle or nightmare?Regional disparities in access and death rate of exploratory laparotomy in BrazilThe access of the riverside population in the Amazon region to emergency health care: a narrative reviewPeas: from Mendel’s table to the surgical fieldThe utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in CameroonSacred sharing circles: urban Indigenous Manitobans’ experiences with bariatric surgeryUrological complications following gynecological procedures in Cameroon: a cross-sectional studyAccess to routine otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional studyReducing surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Zewditu Memorial HospitalAddressing priorities for surgical research in Africa: implementation of a multicentre cloud-based perioperative registry in EthiopiaProspective study of surgery for traumatic brain injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: surgical procedures, complications and postoperative outcomesNeurosurgery training in a low-income country: an evaluation of neurosurgical residents’ and graduates’ perspectives following completion of an international partnershipThe specialist anesthesiology workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: a cross sectional studyScaling surgical resources: a preliminary analysis of orthopedic surgical care and C-arm baseline capacity analysis following the 2021 Haitian earthquakeDelivering essential surgical care for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the low-resource settingRisk factors associated with mortality following geriatric trauma in urban India: a multicentre cohort studyMulti-methods modelling and construction of a novel access to surgical care index for rural IndiaUnderstanding equity in surgical care uptake and provision in underprivileged communities in India under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)Prioritization of surgical care in national policies of India: a quantitative document analysisThe provision of labour pain management and its related barriers among maternal health care providers in a tertiary hospital in KenyaSafety, cost and regulation of re-used orthopedic devicesOutcomes of nonoperatively treated pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures at the Nkhotakota District Hospital, MalawiPredicting hospital of presentation for fracture management in MalawiFactors associated with surgical treatment of hip fractures in Malawian central hospitalsAnal disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 10 maternity hospitals in Bamako, MaliThe challenges faced by female surgeons in Africa: a narrative review of the existing literatureFactors affecting the utilization of antenatal services among women of reproductive age in a rural area in West AfricaImpact of intravenous access on sepsis and death among surgical neonates in Kigali, RwandaBreast cancer surgical services in South AfricaUnreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trialSurgical simulation training for medical students: strategies and implications in BotswanaDisparities in trauma outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysisDevelopment of universal academic competencies for the global surgeon: a modified Delphi consensus studyPAPSEP — Pan-African Paediatric Surgery E-Learning ProgrammeCatastrophic expenditure and treatment attrition in patients seeking colorectal cancer treatment in India: a prospective multicentre studyAccess to pediatric cardiac care in TanzaniaAn evaluation of obstetrical data collection at health institutions in Mbarara region, Uganda, and Benue State, NigeriaAssociation of socioeconomic vulnerability among pregnant women with death rate by postpartum hemorrhage in Minas Gerais, BrazilThe efficiency of digital midwifery training: a randomized controlled trial in Benue State, NigeriaCreating concise reference videos for a low-resource Essential Surgical Skills Training Program: a MSF-UBC Global Surgery Laboratory CollaborationSurgical outcomes for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohortsUpdate on the evaluation of a surgical task-sharing program in South SudanEstimating the indirect economic impact of fracture-related infection and/or nonunion: a secondary analysis of the Pilot Local Gentamicin for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania (pGO-Tibia). Can J Surg 2022; 65:S1-S18. [PMID: 35961679 PMCID: PMC9388215 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Botelho
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Karen Gripp
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Natalie Yanchar
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Abbie Naus
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Dan Poenaru
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Robert Baird
- From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird)
| | - Eliane Reis
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - Leonildo Farias
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriely Silva
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - Francisco Viana
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - José Armando Pessoa Neto
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - Sidney Silva
- From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil
| | - Karen Ribeiro
- From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto)
| | - Luana Gatto
- From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto)
| | - Matheus Daniel Faleiro
- From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
| | - Miguel Godeiro Fernandez
- From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
| | - Lucas Sousa Salgado
- From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado)
| | - Natália Zaneti Sampaio
- From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
| | - Matheus Daniel Faleiro
- From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
| | - Anna Luiza Mendes
- From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
| | - Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira
- From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira)
| | - Luiz Marcião
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Gabriel Canto
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - José Borges
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Victor Araújo
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Gabrielly Andrade
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Joyce Braga
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Lívia Bentes
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Luís Pinto
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto)
| | - Henry T Ndasi
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Lahin M Amlani
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Ghislain Aminake
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Xavier Penda
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Serge Tima
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Aron Lechtig
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Kiran J Agarwal-Harding
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima)
| | - Marta Whyte
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Melinda Fowler-Woods
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Amanda Fowler-Woods
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Geraldine Shingoose
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Andrew Hatala
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Felicia Daeninck
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Ashley Vergis
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Kathleen Clouston
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Krista Hardy
- From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston)
| | - Laure Djadje
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Olga Mbougo Djoutsop
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Adrien Tangmi Djabo
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Vanessa Nono Youmbi
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Patricia Kakobo
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Olga Mbougo Djoutsop
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Adrien Tangmi Djabo
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye)
| | - Surafeal Tafesse
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Bisrat Tamene
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Zelalem Chimdesa
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Eden Alemayehu
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Birhanu Abera
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Dawit Yifru
- From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru)
| | - Fitsum Kifle Belachew
- From the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
| | - Negussie Deyassa
- From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
| | - Bente E Moen
- From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
| | - Terje Sundstrøm
- From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen)
| | - Mersha Abebe
- From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
| | - Rabia Khan
- From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
| | - Amha Mekasha
- From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
| | - Sophie Soklaridis
- From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
| | - Faizal Haji
- From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji)
| | - Juventine Asingei
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Eric P O'Flynn
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Diarmuid T O'Donovan
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Sophia C Masuka
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Doreen Mashava
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Faith V Akello
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Mpoki M Ulisubisya
- From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello)
| | - Helena Franco
- From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
| | - Abdoulie Njai
- From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
| | - Samuel Simister
- From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
| | - Micelle Joseph
- From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
| | - Pierre Woolley
- From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley)
| | - Deeptiman James
- From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
| | - Faye M Evans
- From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
| | - Ekta Rai
- From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
| | - Nobhojit Roy
- From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy)
| | - Varun Bansal
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Jyoti Kamble
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Anna Aroke
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Siddarth David
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Deepa Veetil
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
- From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg)
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci)
| | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci)
| | - Himanshu Iyer
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey)
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey)
| | - Ritika Shetty
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
| | - Anushka Jindal
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
| | - Himanshu Iyer
- From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal)
| | - Gabriel Ouma
- From the Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Moi, Kenya
| | - Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah
- From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
| | - Carrie Hinchman
- From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
| | - Isaiah Michael Rayel
- From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
| | - Myles Dworkin
- From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
| | - Kiran J Agarwal-Harding
- From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding)
| | - Elijah Mlinde
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Lahin M Amlani
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Collin J May
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Leonard N Banza
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Linda Chokotho
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Kiran J Agarwal-Harding
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Myles Dworkin
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Foster Mbomuwa
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Paul Chidothi
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Claude Martin
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - William James Harrison
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Kiran J Agarwal-Harding
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Linda Chokotho
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Samuel Paek
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Lahin Amlani
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Foster Mbomuwa
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Paul Chidothi
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Claude Martin
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - William James Harrison
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Kiran J Agarwal-Harding
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Linda Chokotho
- From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho)
| | - Togo Adégné
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Traoré Amadou
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | - Traoré Youssouf
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | - Konaté Madiassa
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Samaké Moussa
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bah Amadou
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | - Touré Hawa
- From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Damilola Alexander Jesuyajolu
- From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
| | - Charles Arinze Okeke
- From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
| | - Otomi Obuh
- From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh)
| | - Damilola A Jesuyajolu
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Peace E Ehizibue
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Nnamdi E Ikemefula
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Jamike O Ekennia-Ebeh
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulqudus A Ibraham
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna E Ikegwuonu
- From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas M Diehl
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Gisèle Juru Bunogerane
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Dan Neal
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Alain Jules Ndibanje
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Robin T Petroze
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Edmond Ntaganda
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze)
| | - Laurie Milligan
- From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lydia Cairncross
- From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois Malherbe
- From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liana Roodt
- From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel K Kyengera
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
| | - Nathan N O'Hara
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
| | - David Stockton
- From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton)
| | - Alemayehu Bedada
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Marvin Hsiao
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Unami Chilisa
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Brianne Yarranton
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Nkhabe Chinyepi
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Georges Azzie
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi)
| | - Jeongyoon Moon
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Zachary Rehany
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Mehrshad Bakhshi
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Amy Bergeron
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Larry Watt
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Evan G Wong
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt)
| | - Natalie Pawlak
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Christine Bierema
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Emmanuel Ameh
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Abebe Bekele
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Maria F Jimenez
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Kokila Lakhoo
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Nobhojit Roy
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Hernan Sacato
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Girma Tefera
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Doruk Ozgediz
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Sudha Jayaraman
- From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman)
| | - Ines Peric
- From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
| | - George Youngson
- From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
| | - Emmanuel Ameh
- From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
| | - Eric Borgstein
- From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
| | - Eric O'Flynn
- From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein)
| | - Joana Simoes
- From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley)
| | - Pamela A Kingsley
- From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley)
| | - Lior Sasson
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Hagi Dekel
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Alona Raucher Sternfeld
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Sagi Assa
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Racheli Sion Sarid
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Naizihijwa Joel Mnong'one
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Godwin Godfrey Sharau
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Stella Mihayo Mongella
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - William Goldstein Caryl
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Bernard Goldman
- From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman)
| | - Rajan Bola
- From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
| | - Joseph Ngonzi
- From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
| | - Fanan Ujoh
- From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
| | - Raymond Bernard Kihumuro
- From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
| | - Ronald Lett
- From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh)
| | - Amanda Torquato
- From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
| | - Clara Tavares
- From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
| | - Gabriele Lech
- From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech)
| | - Anja Džunic
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Fanan Ujoh
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Victoria Gusa
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Rosemary Apeaii
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Rafat Noor
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Rajan Bola
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Isaac Ohene Guyan
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Jan Christilaw
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Stephen Hodgins
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Ronald Lett
- From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor)
| | - Catherine Binda
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Kayoung Heo
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Samuel Cheng
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Hannah Foggin
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Grace Hu
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Sheila Lam
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Lydia Feng
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Alisha Labinaz
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Jayd Adams
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Rachel Livergant
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Sacha Williams
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Youcef Lounes
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Juan Mata
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Philip Hache
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Christian Schamberg-Bahadori
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Adaw Monytuil
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Emmanuel Mayom
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Shahrzad Joharifard
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Émilie Joos
- From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Amy Paterson
- From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
| | - Salome Maswime
- From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
| | - Anneli Hardy
- From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
| | - Rupert M Pearse
- From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
| | - Bruce M Biccard
- From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard)
| | - Mina Salehi
- From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Irena Zivkovic
- From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Sukhdeep Jatana
- From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Shahrzad Joharifard
- From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Émilie Joos
- From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard)
| | - Michael J Flores
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Kelsey E Brown
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Heather J Roberts
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Claire A Donnelley
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Ericka P von Kaeppler
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Edmund Eliezer
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Billy Haonga
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - Saam Morshed
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
| | - David W Shearer
- From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga)
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